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1、Unit 5 Languages around the World词汇学习1+语篇训练（教师版）【新教材精创】2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学（人教版必修第一册）Stepl词汇分类记忆Taskl阅读词汇（英译中）1, reference参考；指称关系2, ups and downs 沉浮； 兴衰； 荣辱3, despite即使；尽管4, factor因素；要素5, based 以为基础的； 以为重要部分的6, date back （to.）追溯到7, symbol符号；象征8, shell克；壳状物9, carve 雕刻10,dynasty王朝；朝代11,dialect地方语；方言
2、12,regard n.尊重；关注：vl.把视为13,calligraphy 书法； 书法艺术14, affair公共事务；事件；关系15, appreciate欣赏；向视；感激16, specific特定的；明确的17, character人物；性格；汉字18, gap窄距；间隙；开口19, semester 学期20, pants裤子；内裤；短裤21, description描写（文字）；形容22, Korean n.朝鲜（或韩国）语；朝鲜（或韩 国）人;adj.朝鲜（或韩国）的23, Danish n.丹麦语；丹麦人;adj.丹麦的24, Denmark 丹麦25,Arabic阿拉伯语2
3、6, FIFA国际足联27, CE （Common Era）公园Task 2写作词汇（中译英）1,提到；参考；查阅refer2,指的是；描述；提到：查阅（短语）refer toTask 2写作词汇（中译英）1,提到；参考；查阅refer2,指的是；描述；提到：查阅（短语）refer to3,体系；制度；系统system4,出生地的；本地的；土著的；本地人native答案：with解析：考查介词。be gifled with sth是固定搭配，表示被赠予某事物。阅读理解A篇British English and American English are almost the same. But
4、there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar.The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a very smal
5、l number of words are used disparately. For example, when talking about the place where they live, Americans would say apartmenlH, but the British would say flat”. In addition to some common words, many idiomatic （惯用白勺）expressions are also different. In England people might say Ill ring you up tonig
6、ht, but in the US, people might say Ill call you up tonight1.The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels （元音）.Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, America
7、ns and the British dont understand each others pronunciation. But most of the time, they do understand each others pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same.The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words arc spelled differ
8、ently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like center. In British English, this word would be spelled C-E-N-T-R-E, while in American English the same word would be spelled C-E-N-lE-R. Another example is or vs our. The word color” is spelled C-O-L-O-U-R in Britain bu
9、t C-O-L-O-R in the US.There arc a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say Have you got .? while Americans prefer Do you have .? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British would say My friend has just arrived. Sometimes function words are used differently: the British ma
10、y say at the weekend1, but Americans would say on the weekend*.l.What is this passage mainly about?A. How the British communicate with Americans.B. How British English influences American English.C. The development of different languages.D. Differences between British and American English.答案：D解析：主旨大
11、意题。通读全文可知，作者主要向我们介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的一些 差异。2. What does the underlined word disparately1 in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Widely. B. Differently. C. Again. D. Often.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据后文的when talking about the place where they live, Americans would say “apartment”, but the British would say “flat”.可知，这里是说有些单词的用法“不一样”,
12、由 此可知答案。3. According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may not understand each other because of.A. the differences in spellingB. the different idiomatic expressionsC. the differences in grammarD. the different ways of using vowels答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的 The main difference in pronunciation conce
13、rns the vowels.可 知答案。4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?/ /答案：B解析：篇章结构题。文章第一段总领全文， 后面四段分点进行对比分析，由此可知答案/|/)1/指出英式英语和美式英语存在四个方面的差异,QA.B.C.D.Only about 10% of deaf people use sign language as their first language. Many people losingtheir hearing through illness or o
14、ther causes prefer to speak or lip-read.Lip-reading is a difficult skill to acquire. Even the best lip-readers can catch only 25% 30% of what is being said. The percentage may be a little higher if the deaf people know the speakers well. This is because many mouth movements are similar and may look
15、the same to them.Actually, many deaf people are not physically mute （哑的）and have the ability to speak. They do not want to be labeled as deaf-mute. The reason why some deaf people may choose not to speak is that it is difficult for them to control the volume or sound of their voices in an understand
16、able manner. Many deaf people do speak well, but they may speak to communicate when needed, such as shouting to get the attention of others.For some deaf people, English is a second language. So they struggle to understand written English, especially in highly stressful or serious situations, to bet
17、ter communicate with others. Of course, a sign language interpreter may be needed to make communication easier if the deaf people have a good grasp of sign language.Some people may be likely to shout at deaf people so as to make themselves fully understood. In fact, it doesnt work. If a speaker incr
18、eases the volume of his voice, his face would become distorted （扭曲的）and it is more difficult for the deaf to lip-read.Hearing aids can increase sounds and may be helpful to some deaf people. However, some other deaf people may have a hearing loss that would distort sounds making sounds more difficul
19、t to understand. Still others dont benefit from hearing aids at all, particularly if they do not have any remaining hearing.5. What made lip-reading difficult to learn?A. Physical problems.B. Similar mouth movements.C. The stressful situations.D. Hearing loss.答案：B解析：细节理解题。由第二段最后一句 This is because ma
20、ny mouth movements are similar and may look the same to ihem.可知答案。6. Why dont some deaf people choose to speak?A. Because they cant control their volume and sound.B. Because they can communicate better in sign language.C. Because they are afraid of being laughed at.D. Because speaking does harm to t
21、heir voices.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段it is difficult for them to control the volume or sound of their voices in an understandable manner.可知，耳聋者并非都是哑巴，他们在与他人沟通时不 选择说话是因为他们无法控制说话的声音和音量。7. What can we infer from the passage?A. The deaf have difficulty in communication.B. Hearing aids are of little use to the de
22、af.C. The deaf communicate with others through facial expressions.D. Sign language interpreters communicate well with all deaf people.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了耳聋者是如何与他人沟通交流的， 文章末段还提到了对耳聋者有帮助的助听器，故可推测，耳聋者在日常交流的时候会遇到一 些困难。8. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To tell how the de
23、af communicate with others.B. To teach us how to communicate with the deaf.C. To call for the whole society to help the deaf.D. To express sympathy for the deaf people.答案：A解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，作者介绍了耳聋者在口常生活中与他人交流时常用 的几种方法及其原因，由此可知答案。5,态度；看法allilude6,十亿 billion7,以为据点；以为基础；底部；根 据 base8,骨头；骨（质）bone9,（植物、语
24、言等的）变体;异体;多样化variety10,主要的；重要的；主修课程；主修；专 门研究major11,不论哪里,谁/什么等等；不管哪里/谁/什 么等等 no mailer whee/who/whal elc.12,方式；方法；途径means13,传统的；最优秀的；典型的；经典作品； 名著 classic14,全球的；全世界的global15,斗争；奋斗；If搏struggle16,舌头；语言longue一母语 mother longue =native language17,观点； 看法 point of view18,汽油；气体gas19,汽油（NAmE gas） petrol20,地铁
25、subway21,公寓套房aparlmenl22,恳求；乞求；哀求beg23,同等的人：相等物：相同的：同样的equal24,要求；需求；强烈要求；查问demand25,词:匚 vocabulary26,联系；讲述relate27,与相关；涉及；谈到relate toTask 3词性变换或常用词块1, referencev. refer2, baseadj. based-n. basis（基础:基底）3, symboladj. symbolic4, Danish一n. Denmark 丹麦5, affair一常用词块:have an affair with sb.与某人有暧昧关系；foreig
26、n affairs外交事务appreciaten. appreciation7, specificadv. specifically8, semester一同义词：term9, descriptionv. describeKoreann. Korea / Soulh Korea（韩国）Nonh Korea（朝鲜）10, systemadi. systematic有系统的:分类的；体系的；有条理的attitude常用词块:an/the attitude to/towards对的态度11, varietyadj. various v. vary14, major n. majority 大多数；多
27、数；多数党；多数派global n. globe地球（仪）；球体；世界一常用词块：global wanning全球气候变暖15, equal一 adv. equally 一n. equalily17, beg一 n. beggar 乞丐； 穷人18, relate-adj. related相关的；有亲属关系的；属于同一种类的（或组别的）-n. relation关系; 联系；亲戚；陈述；参考Step 2词汇运用检测。Task 1 Complete the following sentences according to the Chinese meaning.1. It took them mo
28、re than one billion dollars to complete the project.完成这个工程花费了他们十亿多美元。2. Some computers can perform over a billion computation a second.有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。3. Hes emigrated to the USA and gone completely native.他已移居美国，完全成了美国人。4. My native language is Chinese.我的母语是汉语。5. The kangaroo is a型速of Australia.
29、袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物0He is a Beijing native.他是土生土长的北京人。6. We must maintain a firm attitude.我们必须采取坚定的态度。7. She shows a very positive altilude to her work.她工作态度非常积极。8. This book is for reference only.这本书仅供参考。9. This frame of reference will be determined by the limitations on the rational mans knowledge. 这个参照系
30、统决定于理性人知识的限制。10. We referred the proposal to the board of directors.我们把这一建议提交董事会处理。11. You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.你应当把这事提交总部去决定。12. You can refer to a dictionary if necessary.如果有必要，你可以参考字典。13. The speaker often referred to his notes.那位演讲者一再参考他的讲稿。14. The rule refe
31、rs only to special cases.这条规则只涉及一些特殊的情况。15. I was not referring lo her when I said so.当我那么说时，我并不是指她。16. The drainage sysiem has been aged.排水系统己经老化了。17. The magazine is produced using a desktop publishing system.这本杂志用一个桌面的出版系统做出来的。18. Despile old age, she is still learning to drive.尽管年事已高，她还在学开车。19.
32、Despite all our efforts we still lost the game,尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了 比赛。Task 2单句语法填空1. Her bosom rose (rise) and fell as she breathed.The determinate factor of our economy (economic)is to control inflation.3. The committees support is an important factor in the success (succeed) of the project.4. We are
33、based (base) in Chicago.5. The companys headquarters is based in London.1.1 found a small leaf at the base of the flower.7. Our mission was over, and wenl (go) back to our base.8. This novel is based on historical facts.9. Scientists (science) have dated the fossils by their bone structure.10. Surge
34、ons have made a great breakthrough in the bone operation (operate).11. There is an ornament made (make) of shells on the wall.12. All that remained of the building after the fire was an empty shell.13. The chemical (chemistry) symbol for copper is Cu1.14. The statue was carved (carve) out of marble(
35、大理石).15. We will look for a pumpkin, to carve into a jack-o-lanlern.16. How many dynasties (dynasty) are there in Chinas history?17. The Qing Dynasty ended (end) in 1911.18. The hotel offers its guests a wide variety (various)of amusements.19. Last week we went (go) to a variety show.20. Thal is why
36、 the television networks keep serving (serve) up old movies and second-rate variety programmes.Task 3 Translation.1 .那个城市聚集了全国大部分人口。(major)The city holds the major portion of the population in the country.2 .教育孩子成为诚实的人是我们的主要目标之一。(major)Teaching children to be an honest person is one of our major obj
37、ectives.3 .他是主修历史的学生。(major)He is a history major.4 .她在大学期间主修数学和物理。She majored in maths and physics at uni vers ity.(mcijor).不管她在哪里，她都会是幸福的。(No matter where)No matter where she may be, she will be happy.5 .她说一口方言，不是标准英语。(dialect)She speaks a dialect, not the Queen*s English.6 .有什么方法可以到那里吗？(means)Are
38、 there any means of getting there?7 .我们用词句来表达思想。(means)We express our thought by means of words.8 .战争与和平是一部经典文学著作。(classic)War and Peace is a literary classic.9 .这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。(classic)The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.10 .这位艺术家非常受尊敬。(regard)The artist was highly regarded.11 .我把看
39、书当作一种消遣的形式。(regard)I regard reading as a form of recreation.12 .我这样做是出于对我妹妹的关心。(regard)I have done that out of regard for my sister.13 .这孩子个性很强。(character)The boy has a strong character.14 .他因品质高尚而被人怀念。(character)He is remembered for the nobility of his character.15 .您可以在那个书架上找到有关书法的书。(calligraphy)Y
40、ou can find books about calligraphy on that shelf.16 .绿色运动是全球性的现象。(global)The green campaign is a global phenomenon.17 .空气污染是全球性的问题。(global)Air pollution is a global problem.18 .他们的风流韵事是公开的秘密。(love affair)Their love affair is an open secret.19 .我很欣赏他对工作的极端专注。(叩predate)I really appreciate his complet
41、e absorption in his work.Step 3语篇提升训练(语法填空)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1When you own a house, there is always something that needs to be done. 1 have been putting off 1. repainting (repaint) the garage. I decided that it was time for me to repaint it this weekend. I went to 2. a home impr
42、ovement store early in the morning to get what I 3. needed (need). I walked into the wonderful store and began looking 4. foi the paint department. I tried to find a store employee to ask about it, 5. but there was no one in sight. I walked down the plumbing aisles (过道) and 6. finally (final) found
43、the paint department. I looked at the paint samples and found the color I wanted. I 7.【nok (take) a number to have my paint mixed. When my number was called, I gave the employee the sample of the color I wanted. At the same time, I got some brushes and rags. After about twenty 8. minutes (minute), t
44、he employee called 9. my (I) number and I picked up my paint and the other supplies. I went to the counter, where I waited for 10. more (much) than 10 minutes to pay. After all that, I was tired. But 1 havent even started painting yet! Maybe Ill do that the next weekend.答案与解析:1 .repainting答案：repaint
45、ing解析：考查动名词。put off doing sth意为：推迟做某事。2 .a答案：a解析：考查冠词。首次提到的事物用不定冠词，且home是辅音音素开头的，故填a。3 .needed答案：needed解析：考查动词的时态。表示去商店的目的是为了“买我所要的东西根据上下文可知需要用 一般过去时。4 .for答案：for解析：考查介词。很据上下文，作者去商店买东西，因此到了商店后开始寻找自己需要的东 西。look for意为寻找，是固定搭配。5 .but答案：but解析：考查连词。根据上下文可知此处前后存在转折关系，故要用转折连词but。6 .finally答案：finally解析：考查副词
46、。在句中作状语，故用副词形式。7 .took答案：took解析：考查时态。根据上下文可知此处要用一般过去时态。8 . minutes答案：minutes解析：考查名词。根据twenty知此处用名词复数。9 .my答案：my解析：考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。10 . more答案：more解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后文than lOminuleslopay可知，作者等了十多分钟去付款。2I often walk from work to the Embarcadero BART station, where I catch a train back to the East Bay.
47、Several times, I passed 1. a gentleman who I thought was homeless. He had a lot of his things 2. lied (tie) down to his bike and held a cardboard sign saying he was a person who didnt drink or smoke, but would appreciate anything that could 3. be given (give). He usually had headphones on and was listening to the radio. Several times, 4. when I passed him, I realized I had some food with me. So I turned around and offered 5. him (he) the food (most recently, a hamburger). He took off his headphones, and said, Umm, 6. hamburgers (hamburger) are my favorite! wi