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1、50分阅读理解提分练(三)阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2021太原市高三年级模拟考试PreCollegeProgramCoursesTheHarvardPreCollegeProgramwillbehostingallcoursesonlineforSummer2021.Toencourageinteractivelearning, classsizesaresmallandtypicallyrangefrom12to18students.Inthiscollegialse
2、tting, youwillpracticetheartofhealthydebates, learntocommunicateclearlyoncomplextopics, anddeliverpresentationsonyourownresearch, allundertheguidanceofHarvardinstructorsforatrueIvyLeagueexperience.Attheendoftheprogram, youwillreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor, aswellasaHarvardtranscriptwit
3、hagradeofARorNM (“requirements met”or“requirements not met”).Pleasenote : Youneedtoattendeveryonlineclassinitsentiretytoreceiveapassinggradeof“Met All Requirements”Course: CareinCriticalTimesJul.5Aug.16, Mon.toThurs., 8：3011：00amAndreaWrightWhatiscare? Howcananddocommunitiesencouragecareasatoolforbu
4、ildinghealingandhope? Thiscourserequiresstudentsnotonlytoaskhowtheymightengageincaringactswiththeirowncommunities, buttocompletealocallybasedcommunityprojectthatbringscare.Course: IntroductiontoneuroscienceJul.7Jul.25, Wed.toFri., Noon3：00pmGraceFrancisThiscourseisanintroductiontothenervoussystem, w
5、ithemphasisonthestructureandfunctionofthehumanbrain.Course: CollegeWritingJul.1Jul.22，Thurs.toSat., 8：0011：30amMartinT.GreenupThiscourseintroducesstudentstocollegewritingbytakingthemthroughthestepsrequiredtocompleteafivepageanalyticessay.Studentsreadarangeofclassicandcontemporaryshortstories, anddev
6、elopstrategiesforcarefulclosereadingviaclassdiscussionandinclassexercises.Course: TheEconomicsofCitiesJun.17Jul.29, Sun.toThurs., 3：156：15pmThomasShayHillWhatcausescitiestogrow, andwhatlimitstheirgrowth? Whatarethecostsofurbanliving, andhowcantheybeovercome? Weexaminearangeofmajorurbanissuesfromanec
7、onomicviewtrafficandtransportation; water, publichealthandtheroleofcitiesingeneratingeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation.1Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?AToofferanoverviewoftheprogram.BTointroducetheprograminstructors.CTopresentthecontentsoftheguidance.DToexplaintherequirementsforthecourse
8、s.2WhichcoursecanyoutakeifyouareavailableonFridaymorningsinJuly?ACareinCriticalTimes.BCollegeWriting.CIntroductiontoneuroscience.DTheEconomicsofCities.3Whosecourseshouldyouchooseifyouareinterestedinurbanpublichealth?AAndreaWights.BGraceFranciss.CMartinT.Greenups.DThomasShayHills.B2021江西省重点中学高三联考Asac
9、hildrensauthor, Idontjustwritebooks.Ibuildbridges.Icarefullyconstructeachofmystoriestoconnectreaderstothestoryitself, tothecharactersinthestory, andtootherreaders.Mygoalistobuildkidssocialemotionallearningskillstohelpimprovehealthyrelationshipsandpreventpeercruelty.AndsinceOctoberisNationalBullyingP
10、reventionMonth, thisistheperfecttimetosharewithyou, dearbooklovers, howliteraturecanbeusedasaneffectivetooltoaddresshurtfulbehavior.WhatImdescribinghereisnothingnew.Foryears, childrensliteraturehasbeenusedbyadvisors, parents, teachers, andlibrarianstoaddresstoughissueskidsfaceintheireverydayworld.Re
11、searchersreportthatliterature, withproperadultguidanceandassistanceinasafesocialsetting, canhelpformviewpointsandempathy (同情) inyoungreaders.Andletsfaceit: themoreempathyandcompassionkidshaveintheirhearts, thelessroomthereisforarroganceandcontempt(蔑视) forothers.IlovewhatDr.ZiporaShechtman, authorofT
12、reatingChildandAdolescentAggressionThroughBibliotherapy, saidinthebook, “Throughtheimaginativeprocessthatreadinginvolves, childrenhavetheopportunitytodowhattheyoftencannotdoinreallifebecomethoroughlyinvolvedintheinnerlivesofothers, betterunderstandthem, andeventuallybecomemoreawareofthemselves.”Beca
13、usethesocialworldoftodayschildrenisverycomplex, Itrytoincludethewisdomandinsightofyoungreadersinmystories, sothatmybooksgohandinhandwiththeirlifeexperiencesandviews.Therearealsomanyotherwonderfulbooksthatgeneratethoughtfulconversations (mywebsitelistsmytoppicksfrompreschoolkidstoyoungadults, bothfic
14、tionandnonfiction).Ifyourelookingforwaystoturnstoriesintoteachablemoments, visitauthorsorpublisherswebsitesforreadymadelessonplans.Withlessonsinhand, yourereadytoopentheheartsandmindsofyoungreaderstonewperspectivesandpossibilities!4Whyisitimportanttoteachkidstohaveempathyandcompassion?ATheywillhelpk
15、idsaddresstoughissues.BTheywillmakekidstreatothersequally.CTheywillmakekidsmoreoptimistictowardlife.DTheywillmakekidsperformbetterineverything.5WhatdoesDr.ZiporaShechtmanmainlytalkaboutinhisbook?ATheinfluenceofliteratureonchildren.BToughissueschildrenfacetoday.CTheimportanceofimagination.DInteractio
16、nbetweenchildren.6Inthelastparagraphtheauthorintendsto_AaskustovisithiswebsiteBmakeasummaryofhisviewCcallattentiontohisbooksDrecommendmorebookstous7Whatsthespecificmessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthetext?ASocialemotionallearningskillsareimportanttochildren.BChildrencantgowithoutwonderfulbooks.CLitera
17、turecanhelptohandletheemotionallydamagingmanner.DAuthorsorpublisherswebsiteshavebooklists.C2021合肥市第三次质量检测Sometimeback, afterasixyearoldlionessnamedMagigirepeatedlykilledcattle, BotswanaauthoritiescaughtandmovedherintoCentralKalahariGameReserve, farfrompeople.Magigispentmostofhertimewithinthereserves
18、protectiveboundaries, butafterayearsheescapedoutsideandwasshotdeadbyafarmer.NewresearchMaudeandhiscolleagueshaveconductedconfirmsthatMagigisunfortunatestoryiscommonformanyrelocatedlions.Fordecades, wildlifemanagersinanumberofAfricancountrieshaveusedsuchakindwaytodealwithlionsthatrepeatedlykilllivest
19、ock (牲畜).Butthenewresearchshowsthatafterlionsaremoved, mostcontinuetokilllivestockandendangervillagersliving.AcrossAfrica, lionnumbershavefallenby43percentinthepasttwodecades, toasfewas23，000animalstoday.About3，000remaininBotswana.Thesharpdeclinesareprimarilydrivenbydevelopmentlionsnowoccupyjust8per
20、centoftheirhistorichabitat.Withlessspacesetasideforconservation, lionsaremorefrequentlycomingintocontactwithhumans.Theseareusuallyfarms, expandingaroundtheedgesoftheprotectedareas.Thelionseatlivestock, whichnegativelyimpactsthelivelihoodofthefarmersintheseruralareas.Withoutaproperwaytopreventtheseat
21、tacks, thefarmersoftenturntodeadlyforce, shootingorpoisoningthelions, whichhasresultedinthedecreaseinlionpopulation.“Ratherthantryingtomovelions，”wildlifeconservationistGlynMaudesays, “emphasis should be placed on reducing the chances of lions encountering and killing livestock in the first place.”M
22、anypreventativemeasuresarebeingtestedinvariousAfricancountries, includinghiringlionguardians (守卫者) tomonitorthesebigeats, creatinglionprooffences, sendingoutliontextalerts, andteachingherderstokeeplivestockawayfromhighriskareas.8WhywasMagigimovedtothereserve?ATostopherfrombeingcaught.BTopreventherfr
23、omkillingcattle.CTogethertostaywithherfamily.DTotrainhertogetalongwithpeople.9WhatisthemajorreasonforthedeclineinthelionpopulationinAfrica?AIllegalwildlifetrade.BHumanlionconflict.CAnaturaldisaster.DThelackoffoodintheirhabitat.10WhatcanweinferfromMaudeswordsinthelastparagraph?ALionswillbefencedintoa
24、voidmeetingpeople.BTherelocationoflionshasproventobeeffective.CPreventionisthecureforlionsattackinglivestock.DItsimpossibleforlionstolivewithhumansinharmony.11Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?ABigCatsRelocationProvingDeadlyBLionsWasShotDeadafterAttackingaManCTheTragicStoryofaMagicalLio
25、nessDConservationStatusoftheAfricanLionD2021河北省高三六校联考Anagelessquestion: Whenissomeone“old”？Whatdoes“old”reallymeanthesedays? Thisisntameaninglessquestionnotonlydoesthedefinitionof“old”haveanoutsizedimpactonhowwefeelaboutourselves (nottomentionhowothersviewus), italsomatterstopolicymakersdeterminingh
26、owtoplanforagingpopulations.TheUnitedNationshistoricallyhasdefinedolderpersonsaspeople60yearsoldorover (sometimes65).ItdoesntmatterwhetheryouliveintheUnitedStates, ChinaorSenegal, eventhoughlifeexpectancyisquitedifferentineachofthosecountries.Everyonebecomesoldat60.ResearchersSergeiScherbovandWarren
27、Sanderson, whostudyaging, aresuggestingoverturningtheonesizefitsalldefinitionof“old”.Instead, theytalkabout“prospective_age”，whichlookstothefuture.Everyonewiththesameprospectiveagehasthesameexpectedremainingyearsoflife.Scherbovexplainedthat“young”and“old”arerelativeconcepts, andtheircommonreferencep
28、ointislifeexpectancy.Andthat“old”wouldvarybetweennationsmakessense, especiallybetweenmoreandlessdevelopedcountries, withdifferencesineducation, deathrates, accesstohealthcareandlifeexpectancy.Butwhois“old”alsovarieswidelybetweenindividuals.Thepoint, saysScherbov, isthatpersonalageisdependentonour“ch
29、aracteristics”understandingabilities, disability, healthhistoryandeveneducationlevels.Thosewithmoreeducationtendnottosmoke, exercisemorefrequently, havebetterdietsandhaveregularcheckupsand, therefore, livelonger, meaningthebeginningoftheiroldagecomeslater, saysScherbov.12Whatisthefirstparagraphmainl
30、yabout?AHowwefeelaboutourselves.BThedefinitionof“old”CTheimportanceofthedefinitionof“old”DTheplanforagingpopulations.13Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“prospective age”inParagraph3refertoaccordingtothetext?ATheexpectedremainingyearsofoneslife.BThebeginningofonesoldage.CThedifferencesofour“characteristics
31、”DTheagewhenonebecomesold.14WhatsimilaritydoesScherbovthink“young”and“old”have?AUnderstandingabilities.BNations.CEducation.DThereferencepoint.15WhichofthefollowinghelpsonetolivelongeraccordingtoScherbov?ADoingasmuchexerciseaspossible.BLosingweight.CStudyinghistory.DImprovingtheeducationlevel.第二节(共5小
32、题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2021潍坊市高三联考Thinkingaboutasummerjobaftergraduation? Asmorepeoplecompeteforfeweropenings, youllneedtodoyourresearch, writeagreatrsum (简历) andgetreadyfortheinterview.Tofindajobitsrightforyoutomakealistofyourinterestsandstrengths, aswellasyourdi
33、slikes, andkeeptheminmindasyoulookforajob.Forexample, ifyoulovebooksorwriting, ajobinabookstoreorlibrarymightbeperfectforyou._16_Youmightnotknowdetailsabouttheposition, butyoucanpreparebyresearchingthecompanyitself._17_Regardlessofthetypeofthejobyoureapplyingfor, agreatrsumreallymakesyoustandout.Mos
34、timportantly, presentthestrengthsinit.Itisaneffectivewaytohighlightyourstrongestskillsandencouragethehiringmanagertoreadmore.Havingajobexperienceinyourrsumincreasesthepossibilitytolandajobtoo.Ifnot, dontworrythereareplentyofotherthings, extracurricularorvoluntaryactivitiesyoucandotoimproveyourjobapp
35、lications.Makesuretheemailaddressandphonenumberincludedonyourapplication._18_Whatdojobinterviewerslookfor? _19_Interviewerswanttohirecandidateswhoaresmart, whothinkquicklyandclearly, andwhocanexpressthemselvesandcommunicatewell.Dressthepartyourappearancealsoaffectsyourchancesofgettingthejob._20_That
36、meansnosandalsorjeans.Evenifyoullbescoopingicecreambehindacounter, ithelpstolookprofessionalfortheinterview.ABabysittingisingreatneednowadays.BAgoodrsumisyourbestjobhuntingtool.CThesedetailswillbeusedtocontactyouaboutinterviews.DAprecisedescriptionofhobbiesinyourrsumiscrucial.EItsnotjustthepreviousw
37、orkhistoryoruniqueskillsthatmatter.FWhenyouheadoutforyourinterview, avoidlookingtoocasual.GButiflittlekidsdriveyoucrazy, ababysittingjobmaynotbeideal.50分阅读理解提分练（三）阅读理解第一节A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会广告大学学前课程【文章大意】本文主要介绍了哈佛大学学前项目开设的在线课程的相关信息。1答案与解析：A考查理解目的的能力。第一段主要讲述了哈佛大学学前课程的开设时间、班级规模、相关学习内容及结课之后的考核，因此是对整个学前课程
38、概况的介绍，故A项正确。2答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Course: CollegeWriting部分中的“Jul.1Jul.22, Thurs.toSat., 8：0011：30am”可知，CollegeWriting的上课时间在7月1日至22日，周四到周六上午8：00至11：30，适合7月份周五早上有时间的人士去参加，所以B项正确。3答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Course: TheEconomicsofCities部分中的“Weexaminearangeofmajorurbanissuesfromaneconomicviewtrafficandtranspor
39、tation; water, publichealthandtheroleofcitiesingeneratingeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation”可知，如果你对城市公共健康感兴趣的话，可以参加ThomasShayHill的课程，故D项正确。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会社会生活儿童文学的作用【文章大意】“我”是一名儿童作家，“我”的目标是培养孩子们的社交情感学习技能，以帮助改善健康的关系，防止同伴虐待。在“国家预防欺凌月”，“我”向图书爱好者分享文学作品如何被用作处理伤害性行为的有效工具。4答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据第二段尾句中的
40、“themoreempathyandcompassionkidshaveintheirhearts, thelessroomthereisforarroganceandcontempt（蔑视）forothers”可知，孩子们心中的同感和同情越多，傲慢和蔑视他人的空间就越少。据此可以推知，教孩子们有同感和同情有助于让孩子们平等待人，所以很重要，故B项正确。5答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段提到的ZiporaShechtman在自己书中所写的内容可知，ZiporaShechtman认为，通过读书涉及的想象过程，孩子们有机会去做他们在现实生活中通常不能做的事情彻底参与他人的内心生活，
41、更好地理解他们，最终对自己有更多的认识。据此可知，ZiporaShechtman博士在书中主要论述了文学作品对孩子们的影响，故A项正确。6答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。通读尾段可知，该段第一句“Therearealsomanyotherwonderfulbooksthatgeneratethoughtfulconversations（mywebsite.nonfiction）”为主题句，结合下文内容可知，作者旨在向我们推荐更多的书，故D项正确。7答案与解析：C考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据第一段尾句中的“how literature can be used as an effective t
42、ool to address hurtful behavior”和第二、三段可知，作者想要表述文学作品可以被用作处理伤害性行为的有效工具，据此可知，C项正确。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然动物保护非洲狮子数量急剧下降的原因及如何保护它们【文章大意】在狮子袭击牲畜之后，将狮子重新安置到自然保护区是惯用的手段。但是最新研究表明，这样做不仅不能解决问题，还容易给狮子招来杀身之祸。8答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Sometimeback, afterasixyearoldlioness.intoCentralKalahariGameReserve, farfrompeop
43、le”可知，Magigi之所以被转移到自然保护区是因为它总是猎杀牛，故B项正确。9答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段可知，由于人类的发展，狮子的自然栖息地受到了极大的压缩，狮子离牲畜近了，就会捕食牲畜，这就加剧了狮子与当地农民的冲突，于是他们经常射杀或毒死狮子，从而导致狮子数量的下降，故B项正确。10答案与解析：C考查推断的能力。根据最后一段中的“emphasis should be placed on reducing the chances of lions encountering and killing livestock in the first place”可知，根据
44、Maude的话，在解决狮子袭击牲畜的问题上，预防应是第一位的，故C项正确。11答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了重新安置狮子不仅不能解决狮子猎食牲畜的问题，还有可能会危及狮子自身的安全，故A项适合作本文的标题。D语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会健康何为“老”【文章大意】“一个人什么时候变老”是个永恒的问题，本文就此介绍了相关的研究情况。12答案与解析：C考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第一段第二句中的“notonlydoesthedefinitionofold.foragingpopulations”可知，本段主要讲的是对“老”的定义的重要性。故选C。1
45、3答案与解析：A考查理解词汇的能力。根据第三段最后一句“Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life”并结合语境可推知，prospectiveage即theexpectedremainingyearsoflife。故选A。14答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段第一句中的“their common reference point is life expectancy”可知，“年轻”和“年老”的共同参照标准是预期寿命。故选D。15答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根
46、据最后一段最后一句中的“Thosewithmoreeducationtendnottosmoke, exercisemorefrequently, havebetterdietsandhaveregularcheckupsand, therefore, livelonger”可知，受教育更多的人活得更长，由此可推知，提高受教育水平有助于一个人活得更长。故选D。第二节语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会求职须知如何找到工作【文章大意】本文主要讲述了找工作需要注意的几个事项提前研究、写好简历、为面试做好准备。16答案与解析：G考查上下文衔接。空前的“如果你热爱阅读或写作，那么书店或图书馆的工作对你来
47、说是完美的”是一个例子，用于说明找工作的时候你得明白自己的喜恶和优劣势，空后是“对于岗位的具体细节你可能知之甚少，但是你可以通过研究公司本身做好准备”，因此空处应该还是说明找工作时，你得明白自己的喜恶和优劣势，故G项符合语境。17答案与解析：B考查段落主旨句。根据第一段中的“youllneedtodoyourresearch, writeagreatrsum（简历）andgetreadyfortheinterview”和文章结构可知，本段讲到的是“writeagreatrsum”，再结合段落大意可知，B项适合作本段的主旨句。18答案与解析：C考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句“要记得把邮件地址和电话号码写进你的申请信里”可知，C项“这些细节将会被用于联系你面试”符合语境。19答案与解析：E考查上下文衔接。空前一句是一个问句“面试官要找什么呢”，而空后一句“面试官想要的是聪明睿智、思维敏捷、善于自我表达和交流的候选人”是对该问题的正面回答，据此可知，空处讲到的应该也是对该问题的回答，综合选项可知E项符合语境。20答案与解析：F考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“着装得体你的外表也会影响你得到工作的机会”，而空后一句“这就意味着不要穿拖鞋或牛仔裤”是对空前一句的具体阐释，因此