《高考英语天津专版二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第二节.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语天津专版二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第二节.ppt（45页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第二节方法运用于命题专题三阅读理解栏目索引阅读理解的常考命题 跟踪训练1.细节理解题细节理解题细细节节理理解解题题在在高高考考英英语语阅阅读读理理解解试试题题中中所所占占比比例例最最大大，但但这这部部分分题题目目相相对对来来说说比比较较简简单单，只只要要通通过过题题干干的的关关键键词词，在在文文中中找找到到题题目目的的相相关关信信息息，仔仔细细对对比比，就就能能得得出出答答案案。其其正正确确选选项项特特征征为为：同同义义替替换换、语语言言简简化化、正正话话反反说说等等。其其干干扰扰项项特特征征为为：张张冠冠李李戴戴、无无中中生生有有、曲曲解解文文意意、颠颠倒倒是非等。是非等。阅读理解的常考命题
2、 2.词义猜测题词义猜测题高高考考阅阅读读理理解解试试题题中中对对于于词词义义猜猜测测题题的的考考查查力力度度逐逐步步加加大大。词词义义猜猜测测是是一一种种阅阅读读技技巧巧和和能能力力，考考查查考考生生在在短短时时间间内内根根据据上上下下文文快快速速猜猜测测所所指指定定的的某某一一个个生生词词、词词组组或或者者句句子子含含义义的的能能力力，而而这这些些词词或或词词组组往往往往超超出出考考纲纲范范围围。要要做做好好该该类类试试题题需需要要：利利用用上上下下文文线线索索猜猜测测词词义义(重重述述、定定义义、举举例例、同同义义词词或或近近义义词词、反反义义词词等等)；根根据据语语法法知知识识猜猜测测
3、词词义义；根根据据上上下下文文逻逻辑辑猜猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。3.推理判断题推理判断题推推理理判判断断题题考考查查考考生生根根据据字字面面意意思思，通通过过逻逻辑辑关关系系，研研究究细细节节，推推敲敲作作者者的的态态度度，理理解解文文章章寓寓意意的的能能力力。推推理理判判断断题题涉涉及及的的可可能能是是文文中中一一句句或或几几句句话话，甚甚至至是是文文章章或或段段落落的的主主题题，弄弄清清正正确确选选项项或或干干扰扰选选项项特特征征是是做做题题的的关关键键。其其正正确确选选项项特特征征为为：立立足足
4、原原文文，只只推推一一步步；一一般般不不可可出出现现绝绝对对概概念念。其其干干扰扰选选项项特特征征为为：曲曲解解文文意意、张张冠冠李李戴戴、偷偷梁梁换换柱柱、无无中中生生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。4.主旨大意题主旨大意题主主旨旨大大意意题题主主要要考考查查考考生生把把握握全全文文主主题题和和理理解解中中心心思思想想的的能能力力，以以概概括括中中心心大大意意、段段落落大大意意、选选择择标标题题及及判判断断作作者者写写作作意意图图等等形形式式出出现现。其其正正确确选选项项特特征征为为：涵涵盖盖性性强强，覆覆盖盖全全文文或或全全段段；确确定定的的范范围围恰恰当当，既既不不太
5、太大大，也也不不太太小小；精精确确性性强强，不不会会改改变变语语言言表表意意的的程程度度及及色色彩彩。其其干干扰扰选选项项特特征征为为：过过于于笼笼统统，不不知知所所云云；以以偏偏概概全全，主主次次不不分分；移移花花接接木木，偷偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。注意注意解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题。解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题。Fifteen years ago，I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy.After climbing up a hill
6、for a panoramic(全全景景的的)view of the blue sea，white buildings and green olive trees，I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately，just as I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view.Lik
7、e me，this woman was here to stop，sigh and appreciate the view.典例1(2017天津，天津，B)Patient as I was，after about 15 minutes，my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take，I grew frustrated.Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape？Sure，
8、I could have asked her，but something prevented me from doing so.She seemed so content in her observation.I didnt want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored.The woman was still there.I decided to take the photo anyway.And now when I look at it，I think her presence in the photo
9、is what makes the image interesting.The landscape，beautiful on its own，somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo，with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who“ruined”it，now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.What would she think if she knew t
10、hat her figure is captured(捕捕捉捉)and frozen on some strangers bedroom wall？A bedroom，after all，is a very private space，in which some woman I dont even know has been immortalized(使使永存永存).In some ways，she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others spaces.Perhaps this is what photos are for：to
11、 remind us that we all appreciate beauty，that we all share a common desire for pleasure，for connection，for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder，a captured moment，an unspoken conversation between two women，separated only by a thin square of glass.语语篇篇解解读读本本文文是是一一篇篇夹夹叙叙夹夹议议文文。作作者
12、者主主要要讲讲述述了了自自己己十十五五年年前前暑暑假假时时在在意意大大利利南南部部城城市市莱莱切切观观光光时时的的一一次次经经历历：作作者者拍拍风风景景时时一一位位陌陌生生的的女女士士进进入入了了作作者者的的镜镜头头。这这张张照照片片让让作作者者联联想想到到很很多多事事情情并并引引发发了了作作者者对人生的深层感悟。对人生的深层感悟。41.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked he
13、r to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第二二段段中中的的“.a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view.”可可知知，就就在在“我我”拿拿出出相相机机的的时时候候，一一位位女女士士从从后后面面走走过过来来，正正好好停停在在“我我”的的视视线线前前面面，即即“我我”的视线被挡住的视线被挡住(blocked)了，故选了，故选B项。项。答案解析4243414445 42.According to the
14、 author，the woman was probably .A.enjoying herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第三三段段中中的的“She seemed so content in her observation.with that.”可知，选可知，选A项。项。答案解析4243414445 43.In the authors opinion，what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich col
15、or of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The womans existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第四四段段中中的的“.I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting.”可可知知，作作者者认认为为，那那位位女女士士在在照照片片中中的的存存在在使使得得这这张张照照片片有有趣趣，即即：那那位位女女士士在在
16、照照片片中中的的存存在在让让照照片片变得很生动。故选变得很生动。故选C项。项。答案解析4243414445 44.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand .A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty答案解析4243414445 45.The passage can be seen
17、as the authors reflections upon .A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendship解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。本本文文讲讲述述的的是是作作者者的的一一次次特特殊殊经经历历及及由由此此产产生生的的一一些些人生感悟，故选人生感悟，故选A项。项。答案解析4243414445 This month，Germanys transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the f
18、irst set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆).They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomou
19、s and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.典例2(2017天津，天津，C)Dobrindt wants three things：that a car always chooses property(财财产产)damage over personal injury；that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race；and that if a human removes his or her hands from the dri
20、ving wheelto check email，saythe cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，”says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers，he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehic
21、les is not clear among car makers，consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法法律律责责任任)issue is the biggest one of them all，”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars，introduced earlier this year，insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring th
22、e road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say driverless cars，people expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“You knowno driver.”Because of the confusion，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated with
23、out human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University，California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore，where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US
24、，however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，”says Calo.语语篇篇解解读读本本文文是是一一篇篇说说明明文文。它它主主要要介介绍绍了了德德国国交交通通部部部部长长提提出出的的适适用用于于自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆的的规规章章，能能消消除除人人们们对对于于无无人人驾驾驶驶车车辆辆的的司司机机角角色色定定位的困惑，有利于自主驾驶汽车的推广。位的困惑，有利于自主驾驶汽车
25、的推广。46.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.解解析析词词义义猜猜测测题题。根根据据第第二二段段中中的的“.the grey area between semi-autonomous
26、 and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.”可可知知，death valley指指的的就就是是半半自自主主驾驾驶驶和和完完全全无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车之之间间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。项。答案解析4748464950 47.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to .A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully a
27、utomatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。第第一一段段说说Dobrindt提提出出第第一一套套自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆的的规规章章，将将会会定定义义自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆司司机机的的角角色色，这这个个提提议议就就是是处处理理“death valley”这这个个问问题题的的；第第四四段段说说交交规规的的改改变变会会准准许许全全自自动动驾驾驶驶，而而且且会会将将完完全全无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车和和有有人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车放放到到一一个
28、个平平等等的的法法律律地地位位上上，由由此此推推断断，Dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶。故选提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶。故选B项。项。答案解析4748464950 48.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accide
29、nts.D.It should involve no human responsibility.解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第七七段段中中的的“When you say driverless cars，people expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“You knowno driver.”可可知知，人人们们认认为为的的无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车，就就是是没没有有司司机机的的汽汽车车，当当然然也也不不该该包包括括人的责任问题，故选人的责任问题，故选D项。项。答案解析4748464950 49.Driverless vehicles in public
30、 transport see no bright future in .A.Singapore B.the UKC.the US D.Germany解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据最最后后一一段段中中的的“That would go down poorly in the US，however.”可可知知，无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车作作为为公公共共交交通通方方式式在在美美国国反反响响却却很很差差，即即：在在美美国国，无无人人驾驾驶驶汽汽车车在在公公共共交交通通领领域域看看不不到到光光明明的的前前景景，因此选因此选C项。项。答案解析4748464950 50.What could be the
31、 best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving：Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars：A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles：Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars：Root of Road Accidents解解析析标标题题归归纳纳题题。全全文文围围绕绕自自主主驾驾驶驶车车辆辆的的司司机机的的角角色色认认定定以以及及谁谁该该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选A项。项。答案解析4748464950 A(2016
32、河东区一模河东区一模)Theres no doubt that our character has a profound effect on our future.What we must remember，however，is not merely how powerful character is in influencing our fate(命命运运)，but how powerful we are in shaping our own character and，therefore，our own fate.Character may determine our fate，but c
33、haracter is not determined by fate.跟踪训练Its a common mistake to think of character as something that is fully formed and fixed very early in life.It calls to mind old proverbs like“A leopard cant change its spots”and“You cant teach an old dog new tricks”.This perspective that our character is“etched
34、in stone”is supported by a great deal of modern psychology emphasizing self-acceptance.As Popeye says，“I am what I am.”The hidden message is：Dont expect me to be more，better，or different.Ultimately，these views of humanity totally undervalue the lifelong potential for growth that comes with the power
35、 of reflection and choice.How depressing it would be to believe that we cant choose to be better，more honest，more respectful，more responsible，and more caring.None of us should give up the personal seeking to improve our character.Not because were bad，we dont have to be sick to get better，but because
36、 were not as good as we could be.There are so many things in life we cant control，whether were beautiful or smart，whether we had good parents or bad，whether we grew up with affirmation or negation.Its inspiring to remember that nothing but moral willpower is needed to make us better.No，it isnt easy.
37、But if we make a great effort to become more aware of the habits of heart and mind that drive our behavior，we can begin to place new emphasis on our higher values so that we become what we want our children to think we are.语篇解读语篇解读语篇解读本文为议论文，题材为人生哲理。文章的主要话题是塑造和本文为议论文，题材为人生哲理。文章的主要话题是塑造和影响我们性格的因素。影响我
38、们性格的因素。1.What is the best title of the passage?A.We Shape Our Own CharacterB.Character Determines Our FateC.Character Is Fully Formed and FixedD.We Must Meet What Our Children Need解解析析标标题题归归纳纳题题。纵纵观观全全文文，文文章章主主要要讲讲述述了了什什么么塑塑造造了了我我们们的的性性格格以以及我们的性格受哪些因素的影响，结合各个选项的意思，可知选及我们的性格受哪些因素的影响，结合各个选项的意思，可知选A。答案
39、解析231452.The author agrees that .A.a leopard cant change its spotsB.in life we must attach importance to self-acceptanceC.we shouldnt expect ourselves to be more differentD.character is not fully formed and fixed very early解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第二二段段第第一一句句“Its a common mistake to think of character as
40、 something that is fully formed and fixed very early in life.”可知可知D选项的意思与之相符，故选选项的意思与之相符，故选D。答案解析231453.In the authors opinion，which of the following is TRUE?A.We cant choose to be better.B.We should seek to improve our character for were bad enough.C.We should value our lifelong potential for growt
41、h.D.We should make choices constantly.解解析析推推理理判判断断题题。根根据据第第四四段段的的内内容容可可知知，作作者者认认为为我我们们应应该该高高度度重重视视我们个人的终身发展，故本题应选我们个人的终身发展，故本题应选C。答案解析231454.What do we need to improve ourselves according to the author?A.Our smartness.B.Our willpower.C.Our fate.D.Our character.解解析析细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第六六段段最最后后一一句句可可知知，作
42、作者者认认为为我我们们需需要要意意志志力力来自我完善。故选来自我完善。故选B。答案解析231455.What can we infer from the passage?A.It is not difficult to improve ourselves.B.We must try our best to be as good as possible.C.Our children should copy our behavior.D.We should control as many things as possible in life.解析解析推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可推知选推理判断题。
43、根据第五段的内容可推知选B项。项。答案解析23145B(2017河北区二模河北区二模)I am a writer.I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of languagethe way it can evoke(唤起唤起)an emotion，a visual image，a complex idea，or a simple truth.Language is the tool of my trade.And I use them allall the Englishes I grew up with.Born i
44、nto a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California，Ive been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks.Like others，I have described it to people as“broken”English.But I feel embarrassed to say that.It has always bothered me that Ican think of no way to describe it other th
45、an“broken”，as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed，as if it lacked a certain wholeness.Ive heard other terms used，“limited English”，for example.But they seem just as bad，as if everything is limited，including peoples perceptions(认识认识)of the limited English speaker.I know this for a fact，because
46、when I was growing up，my mothers“limited”English limited my perception of her.I was ashamed of her English.I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say.That is，because she expressed them imperfectly，her thoughtswere imperfect.And I had plenty of evidence to support me：the
47、 fact that people in department stores，at banks，and at restaurants did not take her seriously，did not give her good service，pretended not to understand her，or even acted as if they did not hear her.I started writing fiction in 1985.And for reasons I wont get into today，I began to write stories using
48、 all the Englishes I grew up with：the English she used with me，which for lack of a better term might be described as“broken”；and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese，her internal(内在的内在的)language，and for that I sought to preserve the essence，but neither an English nor a Chinese structu
49、re.I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show：her intention，her feelings，the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.语篇解读语篇解读本文主要讲述了作者在不同时期对母亲所使用的语言的不本文主要讲述了作者在不同时期对母亲所使用的语言的不同看法。同看法。语篇解读6.By saying“Language is the tool of my trade.”，the author means that .A.she uses E
50、nglish in foreign tradeB.she is fascinated by languagesC.she works as a translatorD.she is a writer by profession解解析析句句意意理理解解题题。由由文文章章第第一一句句“I am a writer.”和和第第一一段段的的内内容容可可知知，此处表示作者是一名作家。此处表示作者是一名作家。答案解析7869107.The author used to think of her mothers English as .A.impolite B.amusingC.imperfect D.pra