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1、每周时事热点中考英语最新热点时文题型全面过关（全国通用）【解析版】24 天灾无情人有情 一方有难八方援地震【地震的相关表达】词汇：foreshocks 前震；aftershocks 余震；mainshock 主震；magnitude 震级；Richter Scale 里氏震级；epicenter 震中；seismology 地震学；seismograph 地震仪；lithosphere 地壳；岩石圈；plate tectonics 板块构造发生地震：rip across; hit; strike; shake; rock夷为平地：flatten; level; reduce.to rubble
2、; raze; wipe out搜寻：dig through; hunt for; comb through天气寒冷：near-freezing temperatures; biting cold报道事故/灾难伤亡人数：. had been reported dead, with . injured. The number seem certain to rise.形容灾难之大的词：enomous; massive; large; deadly; damaging; powerful 【名言】1. Were small and when big geophysical events happe
3、n - a huge earthquake, tsunami, or volcanic eruption - were reminded of that. -James Balog2. A bad earthquake at once destroys the oldest associations: the world, the very emblem of all that is solid. -Charles Darwin3. It takes an earthquake to remind us that we walk on the crust of an unfinished pl
4、anet. -Charles Kuralt4. The impact of the earthquake on mental health was huge and unimaginably deep in peoples lives. -Reggie Fils-Aime专题速览一、阅读理解4（一）五题41. 地震的危害与防范42. 东京地震63. 地震中的防护74. 地震中的小狗95. 年轻的英雄11（二）四题131. 地震中的父与子132. 地震以及地震的预测153. 动物与地震174. 地震时该怎么做185. 地震与海啸206. 地震救灾机器人227. 单手女孩激励他人238. 救灾老鼠
5、25（三）三题261. 单腿女孩262. 茱莉亚和她的牧羊犬283. 地震中的自救304. 地震时自我保护的诀窍31二、阅读判断（地震逃生）32三、阅读回答问题341. 东京地震342. 应对自然灾害的方法363. 单腿女孩牛钰374. 地震生存提示39四、阅读还原401. 7选5（汶川地震十周年）402. 6选542(1) 地震急救包42(2) 地震自救433. 5选5（应对地震的方法）45五、补全对话461. 填句子（地震）462. 7选548(1) 地震后的安全逃生48(2) 尼泊尔地震493. 5选5（如何应对地震）51六、完形填空521. 地震募捐522. 地震中的所见所感543.
6、地震中的人们564. 单臂女孩585. 震前准备及地震预测616. 动物能否预测地震？637. 旧金山大地震65七、语法选择（单臂女孩李欣雨）66八、语法填空691. 动物行为和地震692. 地震中的父子70九、短文填空72（一）首字母填空721. 旧金山大地震722. 新型地震探测系统743. 地震的安全时间76（二）语境提示填空771. 地震后的乔尼772. 地震中的自救方法793. 地震中的自保814. 旧金山大地震825. David的一家83（三）综合填空（地震的经历）84（四）选词填空851. 地震852. 地震的危害863. 地震的发生及危害884. 地震中的一家人895. 地震
7、的预防91十、读写综合（单臂女孩）92十一、书面表达951. 材料作文（普及地震知识）952. 书信作文（募捐倡议书）96十二、报纸杂志时文阅读971. 土耳其地震972. 什么引起地震？983. 中国救援队99【阅读理解五题】【1】Earthquakes are something that people are afraid of. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. But many places in the world have them frequently (频繁地). Countries that hav
8、e a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.The strongest earthquakes are not always those that kill the most people. In 1964, a strong earthquake happened in Alaska and it was the strongest in North America. Although the earthquake brought terrible damage (损害) to this area, luckily, only 1
9、30 people died in it. Because most people realized the danger before the ground started to shake, they hid themselves in a safe place.The most talked-about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. With the earthquake, the fires broke out and they came so quickly that over 700 pe
10、ople were killed.However, according to the reports, some other terrible earthquakes are not as strong as the two above, but they caused more deaths. For example, in 1923, a strong earthquake happened in the Tokyo and Yokohama area of Japan, which caused 140,000 deaths. And one of the worst earthquak
11、es was in China in 2008, in which over 69,000 people were killed and over 370,000 were hurt. It was one of the worst natural disasters (灾难) in recent Chinese history.People worry a lot about earthquakes. The reason is that people do not know when earthquakes are coming. Luckily, with the development
12、 of technology, people have now improved their ability to prepare more for earthquakes, so they are able to protect themselves better.1What can we learn from Paragraph One?APeople neednt fear earthquakes now.BEarthquakes just happen in mountains.CEarthquakes have something to do with the forms of la
13、nd.2Among the examples in the passage, the earthquake which caused the most deaths happened in _ in _.A1906; San FranciscoB1923; JapanC2008; China3According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?AThe stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.BThe fires caused by earthquakes
14、 in San Francisco killed many people.CPeople can keep themselves safe in earthquakes by hiding in safe places.4The underlined sentence in Paragraph Four is used for _.Aleading into Paragraph FourBintroducing the happening of the two earthquakes aboveClisting the number of the deaths in the terrible
15、earthquakes5What may be talked about in the paragraph to follow Paragraph Five?AHow do earthquakes worry people?BWhat will people do to prepare for earthquakes?CHow can we save people when earthquakes happen?【答案】1C2B3A4A5B【导语】本文讲了地震的相关知识，包括历史上较大地震带来的危害及人们对未来地震的防范。1推理判断题。根据“There are some places that
16、 have few or no earthquakes. But many places in the world have them frequently (频繁地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.”可知，经常发生地震的国家通常多山。所以地震与陆地的形态有关。故选C。2细节理解题。根据“For example, in 1923, a strong earthquake happened in the Tokyo and Yokohama area of Japan, which
17、caused 140,000 deaths.”可知，1923年，日本东京和横滨地区发生强烈地震，造成14万人死亡。这是死亡人数最多的一次地震。故选B。3推理判断题。根据“The strongest earthquakes are not always those that kill the most people. ”可知，最强的地震并不总是夺去最多人的生命，选项A表达错误。故选A。4推理判断题。根据“However, according to the reports, some other terrible earthquakes are not as strong as the two a
18、bove, but they caused more deaths.” 可知，其他一些可怕的地震没有上述两次那么强烈，但它们造成了更多的死亡，下文讲了日本和中国的地震，造成了更多的死亡，所以这句话是为了引出第四段的内容。故选A。5推理判断题。第五段主要讲了人们担心地震是因为人们不知道地震什么时候来，随着技术的发展，人们现在已经提高了为地震做更多准备的能力，所以后面应该是讲人们将如何为地震做准备。故选B。【2】Earthquakes happen very often in Tokyo, but Tokyo is not an unlucky city. Many special parks h
19、ave been built in Tokyo to keep people safe during earthquakes. These parks look nothing different from the other parks, but when earthquakes happen, they become life-saving places.Many useful things in those special parks can meet peoples basic needs.For example,it is usually hard for people to get
20、 water after earthquakes. In the special parks, people can get drinking water from the water pump (泵). If people need to use toilets (厕所), they can choose special toilets that can be used without water. Also, the helicopter ( 直 升 机 ) can land on squares or baseball fields and bring food or other thi
21、ngs to people. Whats more, if people need to cook in the parks, some special benches can become cooking things.However, those useful things are not enough for people to face earthquakes. The most important part lies in training people. The parks, together with fire stations and the police, will trai
22、n with local people at the usual time. This will let people think and move faster during real earthquakes and let them protect themselves better.So, what can we do to protect ourselves from getting hurt in earthquakes? First, we need to check our furniture and make sure they wont fall down easily. S
23、econd, when an earthquake happens, we need to stay under tables or desks and protect our head. Third, we can keep our door open and wear comfortable shoes during small earthquakes in order to get out safely.1What can we learn about the special parks from Paragraph 1?AThe special parks can stop earth
24、quakes.BThere arent enough special parks in Tokyo.CThe special parks look different from the common ones.DPeople can be safer in the special parks during earthquakes.2During earthquakes, people can find _ in these special parks. drinking water traditional toilets personal planes cooking thingsABCD3W
25、hy are useful things “not enough” for people?ABecause they cant work well.BBecause self-help is more important.CBecause the government doesnt have enough money.DBecause its hard for people to find them during earthquakes.4What is the last paragraph mainly about?AHow to stay safe during earthquakes.B
26、Why people should check their furniture.CHow to prepare for danger before it comes.DWhat would happen in an earthquake.5Where does this reading probably come from?ASports report.BNature magazine.CScience research.DTravel guidebook.【答案】1D2C3B4A5B【导语】本文主要讲述了东京的一些很特殊的公园可以在地震时让人们避难，并满足人们的基本需求，此外还介绍了一些在地
27、震中保护自己的方法。1细节理解题。根据“These parks look nothing different from the other parks, but when earthquakes happen, they become life-saving places.”可知，当地震发生时，人们在这些特殊公园会更安全。故选D。2细节理解题。根据“In the special parks, people can get drinking water from the water pumpWhats more, if people need to cook in the parks, some
28、 special benches can become cooking things.”可知，人们在特殊公园里，可以获得饮用水和做饭。故选C。3细节理解题。根据“However, those useful things are not enough for people to face earthquakes. The most important part lies in training people.”可知，人们学会自我帮助更重要一些。故选B。4主旨大意题。根据“what can we do to protect ourselves from getting hurt in earthq
29、uakes?”和本段内容可知，本段主要是介绍了在地震中如何保持安全。故选A。5推理判断题。根据“Earthquakes happen very often in Tokyo, but Tokyo is not an unlucky city.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了东京地震的一些特殊的公园以及如何在地震中保护自己的方法，地震跟自然灾害有关，由此推断，本文可能来自自然杂志。故选B。【3】Earthquakes happen without warning（前兆）. They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the yea
30、r. But dont worry because most earthquakes are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, its important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.Do NOT go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away
31、 from buildings and power lines （输电线）.Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Keep away
32、 from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself.Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.If you are dr
33、iving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if its safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and dont drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.1Most earthquakes are so _ that they cant hurt people.AstrongBweakCdangerousDheavy2From the
34、 passage, when an earthquake is happening, we should _.Astay under a big buildingBstay under a strong furnitureCstand by windowsDdrive near a big bridge3How many ways are mentioned in the paragraph?AFourBSixCFiveDSeven4This passage tells us _.Ahow dangerous the earthquake isBhow to be safe in an ear
35、thquakeCwe shouldnt be afraid of the earthquakeDhow the earthquake comes into being5The best title for this passage should be “ _”.AHow Earthquakes HappenBHow to Drive a CarCWhat We Should Do in EarthquakesDWhy Earthquakes Happen【答案】1B2B3C4B5C【分析】文章通过对如何在地震中幸存下来和保护好自己几方面的讲解，使我们了解和提高了安全防范意识。1细节理解题。根据
36、“But dont worry because most earthquakes are so weak that they cannot be felt.”可知，大多数地震都很“微弱”，故选B。2细节理解题。根据“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”可知，当地震发生时，要呆在书桌、桌子或其他结实的家具下面。故选B。3细节理解题。根据“Do NOT go outside.”；“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”；“Keep away from windo
37、ws, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you.”；“Also keep away from a fire.”；“If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if its safe.”可知，文中一共提到了5种方法，故选C。4主旨大意题。根据“However, its important to know what to do when an earthqua
38、ke is happening.”以及整个文章的理解可知，本文讲的是地震来了如何保护自己，故选B。5最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是地震来了如何保护自己，答案C正合此意，故选C。【4】Life is full of the unexpected. This is even true to a small pet dog. A dog called Romeo has been pulled out from the rubble(瓦砾) of an earthquake, more than nine days after the earthquake.On August 24, 2016
39、, a terrible earthquake happened in Italy. The earthquake made millions of people lose their houses, killing at least 250 people and hurting more than 360 people.Romeos owners were sleeping on the second floor of their house when the earthquake happened. They managed to get out. But Romeo, who was s
40、leeping on the first floor, was trapped inside. They tried their best to search for Romeo, but failed. After a few hours, they had to leave the village for their own safety.All hope of finding Romeo alive seemed to disappear until Friday evening. That night the couple returned to their home with a g
41、roup of firemen. Almost as soon as they came into the village, Romeo heard their voices and began barking(吠叫).The couple couldnt believe their ears. The firemen began digging at once where the barking was coming from and got to the dog. It was lucky that the dog was in pretty good condition. He look
42、ed like he had just woken from a short sleep.Appearing completely relaxed, the dog drank his first drop of water in more than 230 hours from a bottle held by one of the firemen.As it became clear he didnt get hurt, the fireman put him down. When Romeos owners saw him, they couldnt help crying. “We t
43、hought we had lost him forever!” said one of Romeos owners. Then Romeo left happily with his owners who had given up hope of finding him alive.The discovery of Romeo also cheered those firemen. “We believe there must be many more that are still alive. Well try our best to save them.”1What does the u
44、nderlined word “trapped” mean in Chinese?A储存B压倒C困住D追逐2Why did Romeos owners leave the village without him?ABecause they didnt like Romeo.BBecause they forgot Romeo was at home.CBecause they failed to find Romeo.DBecause they thought Romeo had run away.3From the sentence “The couple couldnt believe t
45、heir ears.” we can learn that _.Athe couple didnt want to hear from RomeoBthere was something wrong with the couples earsCthe couple heard the dog barking in their dreamsDthe couple probably thought Romeo had already died4Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AMillions of people lo
46、st their lives in the earthquake.BThe firemen felt more hopeful after they saved Romeo.CThe couple didnt gave up hope to find their dog all the time.DThe firemen saved Romeo on the fifth day after the earthquake.5What does the passage mainly tell us?AWhat the best dog owners are like.BHow the fireme
47、n saved people after the earthquake.CSomething surprising a pet dog experienced.DHow a terrible earthquake influenced people.【答案】1C2C3D4B5C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一只名叫Romeo的狗在地震中被埋很多天，最后被消防员救出的故事。1词义猜测题。根据第三段“They managed to get out. But Romeo, who was sleeping on the first floor, was trapped inside.”可知，宠物狗Rome