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1、考点34 阅读理解推理判断之引申推断（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型推理判断之引申推断阅读理解2023 试卷类型设问考点 2023新高考全国卷B()24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?引申推断2023新高考全国卷D ()34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?引申推断【2023年1月浙江卷】B26What can we infer about the author?引申推断 2023全国甲卷D ()35.What
2、 can be inferred from the last paragraph?引申推断 2023全国乙卷B()26.What can we infer from the authos trip with friends to Devils Lake?引申推断20222022新高考I卷阅读A23.3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?C篇31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?引申推断2022
3、全国高考乙卷D篇35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?引申推断20212021英语全国甲卷B篇27What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?D篇33What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?引申推断2021全国高考乙卷B篇27What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?D篇35What can
4、we infer about the author from the text?引申推断2021全国新高考I卷C篇30What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?引申推断2021全国新高考II卷D篇34Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?引申推断2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中引申推断考查了11次。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的
5、判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。【备考策略】系统归类引申推断的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】通过阅读理解中的引申推断，考查考生的逻辑思维能力、思辨能力和批评性思维。因此，引申推断题将在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。【2024年高考命题预测】推理判断之引申推断考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有引申推断题以考查学生的推理判断能力，推理判断题的答案是通过对文章中材料的分析得出的结论，它不是文章中直接的事实。预测在2024高考中，引申推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之引申推断考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问
6、方式： 1. What can be inferred about the .? 2What can be inferred about .from the last paragraph? 3What can we learn from .?4What can we infer about . from the text? 如何解决引申推断题？引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，ind
7、icate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。1.2023新高考全国卷BWhen John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny cre
8、atures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? W
9、hich kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sl
10、udge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and for
11、med their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many b
12、ig jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare
13、 parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”()24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A.He was fond of travelling.B.He enjoyed being alone.
14、C.He had an inquiring mind.D.He longed to be a doctor.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。24.C推理判断题。根据第一段“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在制造的脏乱。再结合第二段“
15、After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自然并提出问题。由此可知,从前两段中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。2.2023新高考全国卷DAs cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder
16、to find. If youre lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but its unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human
17、well-being.The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different c
18、ategories. For example, one participants experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. Afte
19、r the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and
20、take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interact
21、ion by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.“Were trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.()
22、34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C.The same nature experience takes different forms.D.The nature language enhances work performance.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减
23、少,尤其是在城市中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。34.C推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking
24、along a fountain on their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。3.【2023年1月浙江卷】BLive with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone aroun
25、d you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way
26、though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would
27、 be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I
28、 could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my ow
29、n zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing,
30、which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action.26What can we infer about the author?AShe is quite good at cooking.BShe respects
31、others privacy.CShe enjoys being a housewife.DShe is a determined person.【答案】26D【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。26推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your household wont entirely
32、 make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。4.2023全国甲卷DGrizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psychewe
33、 revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biol
34、ogist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they havent been seen in a century or more, theyre increasingly being sighted by humans.The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living a
35、longside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 per cent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.Today, there are about 2,000 o
36、r more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzl
37、ies remain listed.Obviously, if precautions(预防) arent taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. P
38、utting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in a
39、nd around Missoula.()35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies.C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了灰熊数量在美国的变化以及其背后的原因。35.B推理判断
40、题。根据文章最后一段的内容,尤其是James Jonkel的话“Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits” 可知,通过预防措施,灰熊就不会学到坏习惯,人们就可以与灰熊和谐共处。故选B。5.2023全国乙卷BLiving in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mai
41、nly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to shoot within
42、 a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can se
43、t up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
44、rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until suns
45、et. However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better i
46、f I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.()26.What can we infer from the authos trip with friends to Devils Lake?A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D.They had problems wit
47、h their equipment.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师是如何应对挑战,拍出高质量的风景照片的。26.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.”可知,作者和朋友们没有标出路线,所以几乎完全错过了日落。由此可推知,他们比预计到达拍摄地点的时间晚了。故选C项。6.D【2022全国高考乙卷】The Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought
48、 in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Trea