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1、【考研英语】2021年12月江苏徐州师范大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】The teacher told us the fact.A、which the earth moves around the sunB、that the earth moved around the sunC、that the sun moves around the earthD that the earth moves around the sun【正确答案】D【答案解析】名词性从句中主句和从句中时态要保持一致。但是在此句中，后面讲述的是一个客观存在的事实规律，所以要选答案D。第2题
2、【单选题】Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mindtheir manners.A、evaluateB、memorizeC、protectD、observe【正确答案】D【答案解析】comply with服从,遵从。observe遵守,奉行。参考译文：读者被要求遵守图书馆规章并注意各自的行为规范。第3题【单选题】Actually industry can vary a good deal over the centuries.A、alterB、improveC、alertD、perish【正确答案】
3、A【答案解析】vary改变；im prove改善，增进；提高 的价值。第4题【单选题】When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,fewnations can match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nations vast industrialbase has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertisefrom science.And though German prosperity（繁荣）has f
4、altered（衰退）over the past decade because of the global economic decline,it stillhas an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.What factor can beattributed to German prosperity?A、Technology transfer.B、Good management.C、Hard work.D、Fierce competition.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段第一句说在把基本研究成果成功的应用到工业领域方面，几乎没有哪
5、个国家能和德国相提并论。还可以结合第一段最后一句话理解可知答案选A,德国的繁荣主要是把科学技术应用到了工业领域。第5题【单选题】The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain.Across thecountry,many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boostin morale.For some,the hardships of life without steady work eventuallyoverwhelmed their attempts to
6、 keep their families together.The divorcerate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery tookhold.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to somemarried couples?A It will force them to pull their efforts together.B It will undermine their mutual understanding.C、It will irre
7、parably damage their relationship.D、It will help strengthen their emotional bonds.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o推理判断题。文章本段最后两句提到，工作的不稳定、生活的艰辛最终会使得一些美国人维系家庭的努力消失殆尽，危机过后的数十年中随着经济复苏离婚率再次上升。由此可见，目前的经济危机最终会伤害夫妻关系至无法弥补，故答案为C。A“会迫使他们齐心协力是经济萧条初期会出现的情况，可以排除；B和D在文中均未提及。第6题【单选题】The delta and narrow Nile Valley to the sou
8、th make up only 3 percent ofEgypts land but are home to 96 percent of her population.A、三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷组成了埃及土地的百分之三，却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。B、三角洲和通向南边的狭窄的尼罗河河谷组成了埃及土地的百分之三，却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。C、三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。D、三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，但却是百分之九十六的人口的家园。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。are home to.若译作
9、是 的家，则不顺，所以把名词改为动词，译作 住在这里。第7题【单选题】To stress the importance of a rich vocabulary,the teacher used a(n).Writing with a severely limited vocabulary/she said,“is liketrying to paint a circus with only a few colors/A、exampleB、comparisonC、contrastD、analogy【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：为强调庞大词汇量的重要性，这个老师用了个类比。“用有限的词汇去写作
10、就像用仅有的几个颜色去油漆一个马戏场。analogy意为“类推，类比”;example意为“例 子,实 例，例证;comparison意为“比较,对照,指比较两者的相同点；contrast意为“对比，对照，指比较两者的不同点。第8题【单选题】It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone my visit which I hadintended to pay to Germany in January.A、我原计划访问德国，令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份予以推迟。B、我原计划一月份访问德国，后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。C、令我
11、深感失望的是，我原计划访问德国，但不得不予以推迟到一月份。D、令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份推迟我对德国预定的访问。【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查定语与中心语之间的关系。A 项中I hadintended to pay to Germany in January,表明我对德国的访问是一月份的，所以把一月份用来做推迟的时间状语是不正确的，推迟不是在一月份。C 和 D 项犯了同样的错误，是原定一月份的访问，而不是推迟到一月份。第9题【单选题】You will be liable for any damage caused.A、liberalB、responsibleC profoundD、
12、rectify【正确答案】B【答案解析】be liable f o r 有 责任；有 义务；responsible负责的，可靠的；有责任的。第10题【单选题】Many artists express their world view in their work.A、presentB、preliminaryC、neglectD、necessity【正确答案】A【答案解析】express表达；present提出；介绍；呈现。第11题【单选题】Since economic reform began in 1978,an average growth rate of almost10%a year h
13、as seen China/s GNP nearly quadruple.A、自 1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值几乎翻了两番。B、自 1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值翻了两番。C、自 1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值增长了四倍。D、自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以平均每年10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值增加到原来的四倍。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查的知识点为数字。数字在英汉两种语言中都有一些固定用法，和数字有关的动词、介词、形容词、副词也十分重要。
14、quadruple译作 翻了两番”。第12题【单选题】This reform is supposed to save the government the money involvingmaintaining a large number of cars.A、toonC atD、in【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题考查的是固定短语的搭配，involve in 表示“卷入，涉及的意思。句意：这项改革的目的是让政府节省大量维护车辆的费用。第13题【单选题】We have to modify our plan a little bit.A、reduceB、sufferC、adjustD、utilize
15、【正确答案】C【答案解析】modify修改，修饰；更改；adjust调整,使适合。第14题【单选题】In this context,it is important for our two societies to search for areas ofcooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit.A、在这种上下文里，这是很重要的，我们两个社会应该寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域。B、在这种情况下，我们两个社会应该寻求合作领域，那些对我们两国确实互利的，这是很重要的。C、在这种情景下，对于我们两个社会来说，寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的
16、合作领域是很重要的。D、在这种情况下，我们两个社会应该寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域，这是很重要的。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。In this context：在这种情况下；tosearch for areas of cooperation：寻找合作领域；mutual benefit（双方）共同的利益；it为形式主语，翻译时可以不译，把真实主语不定式提前译。第 15题【单选题】As part of their study,the researchers used a special machine to takeaction photos of the students br a
17、 i ns.This is the same part ofthe brain that becomes active when good readers read.This activatedbrain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognizefamiliar written words quickly.A、Do you have difficulty reading in class?B、The pictures showed an increase in activity in the back of
18、the brainon the Ie代 side.C、As part of the study,37 struggling readers received specialtutoring.D、By the end of the school year,these children could read fasterthan before.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo这一段说的是：作为研究的一部分，研究人员用一个特殊的机器拍摄学生大脑的动作照片。B说的是：照片显示左大脑后部的活动增加了。第 16题【单选题】The devastating floods and droughts that
19、 imposed a recurrent tax ofsuffering on the farmers on longer occur.Egyptian agriculture has beentransformed,and industry is benefiting from power generated by thedam.A、过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。B、过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是现在埃及的农业得到改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。C、过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的
20、农业得到了改良，水坝发的电也用在了工业上。D、过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是埃及的农业得到了改良，工业也给水坝发电带来了很大的好处。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。句子中tax of suffering属于比喻，把suffering比作是强加在人们身上的tax,而并非真正的征收税收。根据这一点可以排除B和D项，同时根据句子中的and可以得知前后应该是并列的，也就是说agriculture和industry是并列的，同时翻译的时候也应该是并列的，这样不但符合句法也让句子结构更合理。第17题【单选题】Many people,when ill,see their doct
21、ors and ask them tosomething that will make them feel better.A、describeB、prescribeC、reviseD、devise【正确答案】B【答案解析】prescribe 开处方，开（药）。根据题意，正确答案应为B。第18题【单选题】In his closing remarks,the chairman expressed his thanks to all thosewho had contributed to the success of the conference.A commentsB speechC critic
22、ismD、lecture【正确答案】B【答案解析】remarks致辞。speech讲话，演说。参考译文：在闭幕词里，主席向所有为大会的成功举办作出过贡献的人士表示了感谢。第19题【单选题】Actually industry can vary a good deal over the centuries.A、alterB、improveC、alertD、perish【正确答案】A【答案解析】vary改变；im prove改善，增进；提高 的价值。第 20题【单选题】Congress assembles together in January.A、rangeB、restrictC gatherD、
23、restore【正确答案】C【答案解析】assembles集合，聚集;装配;收集；gather收集；收割；使 聚集；使 皱起。第 21题【单选题】Any principle is preferable to none.A、秘密的B、首要的C、初步的D、更好的【正确答案】D【答案解析】preferable a d j.更好的，更可取的；更合意的。第22题【单选题】In this world of change and complexity,the need for information is ofgreatest importance.Those people who have accurat
24、e,reliableup-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems,the criticalproblems of their business,social and family life,will survive andsucceed Knowledge is power may well be the truest saying and accessto information may be the most critical requirement of all people.We canlearn from the pa
25、ragraph t hat.A、it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possibleB、people should make the best use of the information accessibleC、we should realize the importance of accumulating informationD、it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本段作者指出：“当今世界多变、复杂
26、，信息对人至关重要。人们要学会利用准确、可靠、最新的信息来解决日常问题及他们工作和社会交往、家庭生活中的重大问题，只有这样的人才能生存、才能成功。知识就是力量，获取信息是对所有人的最重要的要求。从该段中我们 得 矢 口 D 项it is of vital important to acquire neededinformation efficiently（有效地获取所需信息是至关重要的）为正确答案。而 A 项只强调信息的量；B 项强调充分利用所获得的信息，而原文强调的是 需要”信息；C 项强调应该意识到积累信息的重要性，这在该段中并未提及。第23题【单选题】Cost was a key in
27、our decision.A、philosopherB、innovationC qualityD、element【正确答案】D【答案解析】element元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境。第24题【单选题】If they want to,thats fine with me.A、integrateB sustainC、pressureD、license【正确答案】A【答案解析】integrate求积分；取消隔离；成为一体。第25题【单选题】the few who have failed in their examination,all the otherstudents in the hall
28、are in very high spirits.A、In spite thatB、But forC、Apart fromD、For the sake of【正确答案】C【答案解析】apart from“除.之外，只有该词组符合题意。第26题【单选题】The government on purchase of cars was 80 billion yuan in 2008,and use and maintenance amounts to around 300 billion yuan a year.A、spendingB、spentC costD、costing【正确答案】A【答案解析】
29、本题考查的是现在分词的用法，spending onpurchase of cars在这里是一个现在分词短语。句意：2008年政府花费了 800亿用于购车，并且一年的使用和维护费用则高达3000亿。第27题【单选题】How do we fix this problem?lt starts with reforming the physicianreimbursement system,remove the pressure for primary carephysicians to squeeze in more patients per hour,and reward them foropti
30、mally（最 佳 地）managing their diseases and practicingevidence-based medicine.Make primary care more attractive tomedical students by forgiving student loans for those who chooseprimfary care as a career and reconciling the marked differencebetween specialist and primary care physician salaries.What sug
31、gestiondoes the author give in order to provide better health care?A、Bridge the sal ary gap between specialists and primary carephysicians.B、Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C、Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D Reduce the tuition of students who choose primar
32、y care as theirmajor.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao事实细节题。由题干中的suggestion和 provide better health care定位于第2 段。文章第2 段介绍的是改善基础医疗目前状况的建议：应该从改革医生的费用返还制度开始，避免基础护理医生竭力增加每小时诊治患者的数量，减少他们的压力，奖励那些能够提出最佳治疗方案和开具循证药物的医生。通过免除那些选择基础护理工作作为未来职业的学生们的助学贷款，使基础护理工作吸引更多医学院的学生，同时调和专科医生和基础护理医生之间工资存在的巨大差异，由此可得出答案为A 项。第28题【单选题】Unemploymen
33、t seems to be the social problem in this areaand may undermine social stability.A、prevalentB、primitiveC、previousD、premature【正确答案】A【答案解析】prevalent“普遍的，流行的。根据题意，正确答案应选A。第29题【单选题】Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related tothem.A、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，甚至和昆虫一点关系都没有。B、蜘蛛并不像许多人认为的那
34、样是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。C、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛就是昆虫，和昆虫密不可分。D、蜘蛛正像许多人认为的那样不是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo本题需要注意as many people think,表示的是“许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫；此外nor在此处表示的是否定，即“它和昆虫一点关系都没有。第30题【单选题】Thirty years ago,most teenagers had bicycles,but now they arecomparatively rare._ 1 _ motor scooters are much more common._ 2
35、 _ this may seem a sign of progress but _ 3 _ the change is notnecessarily for the better.l.At the other end On the contrary Onthe other hand In addition?.A.At first sight B.At the beginning C.In the first viewD.From the first3.A、absolutelyB、actuallyC、surelyD、definitely【正确答案】B【答案解析】actually,事实上，实际上。
36、这道题考察学生对文章的理解和对词义的掌握。作者说乍一看这是进步，但事实上不是这样,有转折之意。A,absolutely,绝对的；C,surely,的确的;D,definitely,明确地。第31题【单选题】Egypt,wrote the Greek historian Hecataeus,is the gift of the Nile.A、希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：埃及是尼罗河送来的礼物。B、埃及，希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：是尼罗河的礼物。C、埃及是尼罗河的礼物，希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道。D、希腊历史学家赫卡泰奥斯写道：埃及，礼物来自尼罗河。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选 Ao wro
37、te the Greek historian Hecataeus是插入语，为使译文通顺易懂，把插入语处理成主句形式,其余部分作其宾语从句。第32题【单选题】The government has called for an independent inquiry into theincident.A、requirementB、examinationC、analysisD、investigation【正确答案】D【答案解析】inquiry调查，质询。investigation调查。参考译文：政府要求对这一事件进行独立调查。第33题【单选题】We have great differences tod
38、ay.What brings us together is that we havecommon interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。great differences在句子中表示的是 巨大的分歧”的意思；
39、interests在本句中不是表示“兴趣，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第34题【单选题】You dont have to me of anything.A、transformB upsetC、spoilD、persuade【正确答案】D【答案解析】persuade说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事。第35题【单选题】Don/t your health.A、recommendB、enterC、slipD、neglect【正确答案】D【答案解析】neglect疏忽，忽视；忽略。第36题【单选题】Frankfurt,Germany,is one of the most populated
40、regions ofWest Europe.A、denselyB、vastlyC、enormouslyD、largely【正确答案】A【答案解析】densely稠密的。vastly广泛的。enormously巨大的/庞大的。largely主要的/很大程度上。第37题【单选题】Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of theirresponses to the current crisis,working together and supporting oneanother through the early
41、 months of unemployment.Todays economiccrisis could well generate a similar number of couples whoserelationships have been irreparably（无法弥补地）ruined.So it is onlywhen the economy is healthy again that well begin to see just how manybroken families have been created.What can be inferred from the lastp
42、aragraph?A A stable family is the best protection against poverty.B Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.C、Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships.D、The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选Do推理判断题。最后一段指出，目前的经济危机极有可能会使得这些家庭分崩离析，无法弥补。唯有等到经济再次稳健之后
43、我们才能发现多少家庭在此过程中支离破碎。由此可见，经济的复苏将会见证更高的离婚率，故答案为D o C“很少有夫妻能够经受得起经济危机的考验属于过度推断，可以排除。A和B文章皆未提及。第38题【单选题】It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV ofFrance,himself a devoted dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance.The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps be
44、gin werefinalized.In the late 1700s another important change occurred.Balletbegan to tell a story on its own.It was no longer simply dance to beperformed between acts of plays.Elaborate wigs and costumes wereeliminated.By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes tomake it appear that th
45、ey were floating.An important influence in earlyballet wa s.A BalanchineB Marie AntoinetteC、DiaghilevD、Louis XIV【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。细节题。对照原文It was also in the1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV of France,himself a devoted dancer;founded the Royal Academy of Dance.这里出现的时间1600s在原文中是比较早的，
46、提到的人物是King Louis X IV,选 D。第39题【单选题】-What is that room?-we hold the meetings.A The room isB The room is the placeC That/s the room whichD、Thats where【正确答案】D【答案解析】此句是be动词后由where引导的表语从句。第40题【单选题】She was a girl and did not panic.A specificB dominantC、sensibleD、epidemic【正确答案】C【答案解析】se n sib le 明智的；通情达理的；
47、合乎情理的；意识到的，能感觉到的。第41题【单选题】While we cannot close the gulf between us,we can try to bridge it sothat we may be able to talk across it.A、当我们无法弥合我们之间的鸿沟时，我们可以搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。B、在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟时，我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈。C、虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥,以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D、虽然我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈，但我们却无法弥合双方之间的鸿沟。【正确答案】C【答案解
48、析】答案选C。本句虽然用了连词w hile,但分句与主句之间是一种让步关系，因 此 w hile可译为“虽然。此句中 的 bridge用作动词，这是一种形象的说法，译为“搭一座桥 。第42题【单选题】In 1994,United States Customs seized 204,391 pounds of cocaine,559,286 pounds of marijuana and 2,577 pounds of heroin.Just howmuch actually flows into the country is anyones guess.Some Customsofficial
49、s estimate that only 10 percent of the drugs coming into thecountry are ever seized.In Miami,the District Attorney（检察长）wonteven prosecute small fry.Its got to be over five kilos of cocaine,above akilo of heroin and more than 5,000 pounds of marijuana or its notsomething that were going to stop the p
50、resses on/says Tom Cash,aretired agent.Which of the following could best replace the expression“small fry“in the paragraph?A Small dogsB Small sheep dogsC、Small smugglersD、Small ringleaders【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。习语small fry为“不重要的任务的意思。从上下文可知，本处指C。第43题【单选题】And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel,t