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1、写作技巧点拨系列(九)解读图表信息,稳固构建图表作文1/22【典例【典例导练导练】在社会在社会经济经济快速快速发发展、高度展、高度发发展今天展今天,人人们们物物质质生活丰富多生活丰富多彩彩,不不过过精神生活却存在着很多精神生活却存在着很多问题问题,也由此也由此产产生了人生了人们对们对“幸福幸福感感”不一不一样样看法。假看法。假设设上周末你校上周末你校对对2 000名学生就名学生就“幸福感幸福感”看法看法进进行了行了调查调查。请请依据以下数据写一篇文章。依据以下数据写一篇文章。2/22比例比例“幸福感”起源60%从父母或亲友爱、从温暖家庭生活中感受到幸福20%从助人、捐从助人、捐赠赠、义卖义卖中
2、感受到幸福中感受到幸福10%从友情中感受到幸福从友情中感受到幸福10%异于上述情况,从不一样角度讲述自己幸福感结论:调查情况反应出学生们是热爱生活,不过同时也反应了他们生活经历有限、视野不够开阔3/22注注意意:1.要要包包含含以以下下内内容容:(1)调调查查时时间间、调调查查问问题题以以及及调调查查对对象象;(2)数据解数据解读读;(3)总总体体评评价。价。2.能能够够适当增加适当增加细节细节,以使行文以使行文连贯连贯。4/22【写作指【写作指导导】.惯惯用句式和高用句式和高级词汇级词汇 第第一一段段:开开门门见见山山,点点明明图图表表要要反反应应主主题题。经经常常使使用用词词汇汇有有:ta
3、ble,chart,figure;describe,tell,show,represent等等。经经惯惯用用到到句句型型有有:As is shown in the graph./As is shown in the table./It can be seen from the table that.It can be concluded from the graph that./Compared with./According to the survey,about.5/22 第第二二段段:中中间间段段落落对对图图表表内内容容进进行行分分析析,可可采采取取分分类类或或对对比比来来表表现现主主题
4、题,并并说说明明必必要要理理由由。在在叙叙述述中中要要注注意意,切切忌忌重重复复使使用用同同一一句句型型,忌忌重重复复出出现现图图表表中中数数据据,因因为为这这么么会会使使你你文文章章显显得得毫毫无无生生气气。要要注注意意改改换换叙叙述述句句式式,注注意意使使用用不不一一样样词词语语及及句式。在描述句式。在描述图图表中改表中改变变与与发发展展趋势时惯趋势时惯用短用短语语和句型有和句型有:6/22快快速速上上升升:rise;increase;go up;sharply;rapidly;quickly;dramatically迟迟缓缓下下降降:decrease;reduce;come down;d
5、ecline;drop;fall slowly/gradually描述数据描述数据时时候能候能够够用到下面用到下面这这些表示或些表示或词汇词汇:转转折折:while;but;on the contrary;however比比较较:compared with/to7/22对对比比:in contrast to;different from;difference between类类似似:similar to;as/the same.as;递进递进:more than;less than8/22第第三三段段:结结尾尾对对全全文文进进行行小小结结,经经常常使使用用词词语语及及句句式式有有:in a w
6、ord;in short;generally speaking;Its clear from the.that.;Based on the description above,we can safely draw the conclusion that.9/22.黄金模板黄金模板As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart),(作文作文题题目目标标主主题题)has been on rise/decrease(goes up/increases/dro
7、ps/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing fromintoin.From the sharp/marked decline/rise in the chart,it goes without saying that(描写描写趋势趋势).10/22There are at least two good reasons accounting for.(给给出原因出原因)On the one hand,on the other hand,is due to the fact that.In addition
8、,is responsible for.Maybe there are some other reasons to show .But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that./In a word/Generally speaking,(总结总结/得出得出结论结论).11/22【审题谋审题谋篇】篇】信息全而不漏信息全而不漏12/22【佳句【佳句锤炼锤炼】词词句精而
9、高句精而高级级1.60%学生从父母或学生从父母或亲亲友友爱爱以及从温暖家庭生活中感以及从温暖家庭生活中感受到幸福。受到幸福。(普通表示普通表示)Sixty percent of the students feel happy.They have the love from their parents and relatives,and also from the warmth of families.(系表系表结结构构+并列并列连词连词)Sixty percent of the students _the love from their parents and relatives _from
10、the warmth of families.feel happywithas well as13/222.20%学生学生认为认为他他们们很高很高兴兴去帮助他人，捐献去帮助他人，捐献给给需要物品需要物品人人东东西或参加西或参加义卖义卖活活动动。(普通表示普通表示)Twenty percent of the students think they are happy to help others,donate something to people who are in need or take part in a voluntary selling.(省略句省略句+宾语宾语从句从句+介介词词短
11、短语语作定作定语语+现现在分在分词词作定作定语语)Twenty percent think they _help others,donate something to people _or take part in a voluntary _.are pleased toin needselling14/223.除了以上除了以上这这些方面，其它学生也描述了不一些方面，其它学生也描述了不一样样方面幸福。方面幸福。(普通表示普通表示)Besides,the rest of the students talk about their happiness from different aspects.
12、(高高级词汇级词汇)_,the rest of the students _ their happiness from different aspects.(高高级词汇级词汇)_,_their happiness from different aspects.Apart from the abovedescribeIn addition the rest describe15/224.基于基于这这些数据，能些数据，能够够得出得出结论结论：我：我们们学生学生对对生活充生活充满爱满爱，但他但他们们生活生活经历经历是有限，他是有限，他们视们视野需要被拓野需要被拓宽宽。(普通表示普通表示)As it
13、is based on the statistics,we can draw a conclusion.Our students have deep love for life.Their life experience is limited,so their horizons need to be broadened.16/22(过过去分去分词词短短语语+被被动语态动语态+同位同位语语从句从句+并列句并列句)_,_,but their life experience is limited,so their horizons need to be broadened.Based on thes
14、tatisticsa conclusion can be drawn that our students havedeep love for life17/22【连连句成篇】句成篇】过过渡巧而自然渡巧而自然Last weekend,a survey about“The feeling of happiness”was carried out among the 2,000 students of our school.Sixty percent of the students feel happy with the love from their parents and relatives a
15、s well as from the warmth of families.Twenty percent think they are pleased to help others,donate something to people in need or take part in a voluntary selling.Among ten percent of them think friendship gives them much delight.Apart from the above,the rest of the students describe their happiness
16、from different aspects.18/22Based on the statistics,a conclusion can be drawn that our students have deep love for life,but their life experience is limited so their horizons need to be broadened.19/22【命【命题题教授如是教授如是说说】图图表表类类作文解作文解题题关关键键图图表表类类作作文文普普通通是是在在图图、表表中中给给出出一一定定内内容容和和情情景景，要要求求考考生生依依据据图图表表信信息息
17、，准准确确、客客观观地地反反应应图图表表内内容容，并并加加以以分分析析，进进而而得得出出结结论论，意意在在考考查查学学生生从从图图表表材材料料中中获获取取信信息息，并并转换转换成文字信息能力。成文字信息能力。1.仔仔细细研研读读图图表表。认认清清图图表表中中数数字字、线线条条、阴阴影影等等部部分分改改变变趋趋势势和和走走向向，抓抓住住其其主主要要特特点点，依依据据图图表表所所显显示示中中心心信信息息确确定主定主题题、内容、内容层层次以及主次以及主题题句。句。20/222.确确定定主主题题段段落落。分分析析重重组组信信息息，依依据据信信息息不不一一样样性性质质确确定定详详细细段段落落，列列出出各各段段主主题题句句。对对所所给给信信息息转转述述要要使使用用不不一一样样表表示示方方法法，反反应应在在文文章章中中也也就就是是要要使使用用不不一一样样词词、词词组组、句句型等。型等。3.深深化化阐阐释释主主题题。末末段段通通惯惯用用于于深深化化主主题题，对对全全文文进进行行总总结结，发发表表个个人人看看法法。写写此此段段时时要要注注意意结结论论客客观观性性、看看法法合合理理性性，不可妄加不可妄加评评断。断。21/2222/22