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1、Unit6.语法，知识点，写作背默副词一、定义副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，表示时 间、地点、程度或方式等。副词具有明显的修饰和强调功能。二、副词的构成1 .许多副词是由形容词加-ly构成的。形容词变副词的一般规律如下表：形容词构成相应副词的方法举例大多数形容词在词尾加-lycareful 一 carefully以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词先将y改为i,再加-lyheavy 一 heavily以-11结尾的形容词在词尾加-yfull - fully以辅音字母加一幅结尾的形容词先去e,再加-ygentle 一 gently少数以-e结尾的形容词
2、先去e,再加-lytrue truly2 .有些词既可以作形容词，也可以作副词。常见的有：early, fast, late, hard, higho三、副词的位置修饰动词时，通常放在动词之后；修饰形容词时，通常放在形容词之前；修饰整个句子时，通常放在句首或句末。如：Ifs raining heavily outside. Youd better take your umbrella.外面正下着大雨，你最好带上你的雨伞。Unluckily, he fell off the bike and hurt his arms.不幸的是，他从自行车上掉下来，摔伤了手臂。副词的比较级和最高级一、副词比较级
3、和最高级的构成1.规则变化构成方法原级比较级最高级与形容词同形的副词在词尾加-er, -estfastfaster(the) fastest不以-ly结尾的副词hardharder(the) hardest以-ly结尾的副词在其前面加more, mostquicklymore quickly(the) most quickly2.不规则变化little 一 less 一 (the)well 一 better 一 (the) best badly 一 worse 一 (the) worstmuch 一 more (the) mostleastfar 一 farther/further 一 (th
4、e) farthest/furthest注：副词最高级前面的the可以省略。二、副词比较级和最高级的用法副词比较级和最高级的用法与形容词比较级和最高级的用法类似。【巩固练习】一、写出副词1. sad2. happy3. nice4. quick5. hard 6. serious 7. simple 8. dull9. good二、写出下列副词的比较级和最高级1. slowly2. little3. much4. hard二、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。1. She lookedwhen she heard the news and looked at the picture of her
5、lost son. (sad)2. The story is so that the high school students can read it. (easy)3. These apples taste and sell. (good)4. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining. (hard)5. Ken often works into the night but he is never for work, (late)6. He listened and answered the question,
6、(careful)7. Your handwriting is good, (real)8. Jack doesn9t jump so as his classmates, (high)9. It is cold today, isnt it? (terrible)10. Mary writes as as her sister, (good)【答案】l.sad sadly2.easy easily 3.good sell 4.hard5.latelate 6.carefully7.really8.high9.terribly 10. well三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Wed
7、better walk a little.Its getting dark, (fast)2. Mary writes in her class, (beautifully)3.1 can do it than you. (well)4. You always come here than him. (late)5.1 would like to get there five minutes today, (early)6. Would you please speak(slowly)? I still cant follow you.7. She listened to the teache
8、r(carefully) of all the students.8. Helen works(hard). And her brother works even(hard).9. She eats(little) of the three girls.10. She did the experiment even(badly) today.【答案】1 .faster 2. (the) most beautifully 3.better 4.later 5.earlier6. slowly 7.(the) most carefully8.hard harder 9.1east/the leas
9、t 10.worse知识点解析一.see sb do sthand ifs wonderful to see them grow up而且看着它们长大也是一件非常奇妙的事情。 see sb do sth意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看到动作的全过程。如：I saw him walk into the building.我看见他走进了这栋楼。【拓展】see sb doing sth意为“看见某人正在做某事、强调看到动作正在进行。类似用法的动词还有watch 和hearo watch sb do sth意为“看见某人做了某事，watch sb doing sth意为“看见某人正在做某事”；hear
10、 sb do sth意为“听到某人做了某事，hear sb doing sth意为“听到某人正在做某事”。如：I watched him have his breakfast.我看见他吃了 早餐。I watched him having his breakfast.我看见他正在吃早餐。二.learn . from .Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs.第二，我们可以从养狗的过程中学到责任。 learn . from .意为“从中学习二是指从某人、某物或做某事中学到某事，from后面常接名词、 代词或动词的ing形式。如：M
11、any children want to learn kung fu from Jet Li.很多孩子想跟李连杰学功夫。You can learn a lot just from watching other players.你只要注意观看其他运动员，就能学到许多东西。三.not allNot all dogs are friendly.不是所有的狗都很友好。 not all意为“不是所有”,表示部分否定。如：Not all students like this play.不是所有的学生都喜欢这部戏剧。【拓展】英语中表达“全体”意义的代词有all, both, everyone, everyb
12、ody, everything等，当它们与not连用时，表示部分否定。如：Not everyone passed this exam.不是每个人都通过了这次考试。四have no choice but to doThey have no choice but to keep their dogs in small spaces.除了将狗饲养在狭小的空间里，他们别无选择。 have no choice but to do 意为“除了别无选择如：We had no choice but to work hard.除了努力工作，我们别无选择。【拓展】一般情况下，表示例外”含义的but与动词不定式连用
13、时，应接带to的不定式，但是，当它的前 面有do, does, did等时，to常常被省略。如：We had no choice but to move away.除了 搬走，我们别无选择。It could do eveiything but stop.除了停下来，它什么事都能做。五. cannot do anything except doYou cannot really do anything with a fish, except watch it.对于鱼，除了去观赏它，你真的什么都不能做。 cannot do anything except do .意为“除了做，什么都不能做”,其中
14、except可以用but来替换。该结构还可以与can do nothing exc叩t/but do .互换使用。如：I cannot do anything except/but wait for him to call me. = I can do nothing except/but wait for him to call me.除了等他给我打电话，我什么都不能做。六.die ofOne day, his owner died suddenly of a heart attack. 一天,他的主人因心脏病猝死。 dieof意为“死于”，表示死的原因，通常是指疾病、饥饿或衰老等自身的原因
15、。如：Her mother died of cancer.她妈妈死于癌症。【拓展】die from意为“死于”，也表示死因，通常指事故或意外等造成的外部原因。如：The old man died from a traffic accident,那位老人死于一起交通事故。七. keep on & untilThe dog did not know it and kept on waiting for his owner every day for many years, until he died.这只狗不知道这件事，继续每天等待主人，等了许多年，直到他死去。 keep on意为“继续；一直。后
16、面常接动词的-ing形式。keep on doing sth可以与keep doing sth互换使用。如：The boy kept (on) asking some funny questions in class.那个男孩一直在课堂上问一些滑稽的问题。 until在本句作连词，意为“到时；直到为止”，引导时间状语从句。当until用在肯定句中时，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句的动作发生或状态出现时为止。主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，如live, last, stay, wait 等。如：I read a book until my mother came back,我看书一直看到我妈妈回来
17、。Jl not. any moreThey did not play with me or feed me any more.他们不再陪我玩，不再给我喂食。 not. any more意为“不再，是no more的分解形式。如：He moved away. We couldnt see him any more. = He moved away. We could see him no more.他搬走了，我们再也见不到他了。【拓展】no longer / notany longer意为“不再,与no more / not. any more意思相近。但前者着重表示时间的不再延续；后者着重表示
18、数量或程度的减少。如：He was no longer a student.他不再是学生了。She wasnt afraid of mice any more.她不再怕老鼠了。短文填空Pet dogs are our best friends. They bring people a lot of 1. h. Some old people and the only child wont feel 2. 1 if they keep a pet dog. They can play with them and even 3.t with them. Peoplewalk dogs every
19、day, and they can do exercise when they are running with their pet dogs. Most importantly, people learn to 4.c about life when they keep pet dogs. But on the other hand, some people think pet dogs oftenmake noises in the neighborhood. They also make the environment bad. For example, both the owners
20、and their dogs often leave some 5.d things in the park.【答案】1.happiness2.1onely 3.talk 4.care 5.dirty完成句子1 .这只狗一直对它的主人很忠心。This dogits owner all the time.2 .他完成作业总是比别人仔细得多。He always finishes the homework than others.4 .当我离开时，我的猫能由你照顾吗？Could my catmy cat when I am away?5 .那个时候，我除了相信他说的话，别无选择。I had no c
21、hoice believe him at.7.我会一直在这儿等着你回来。I here you come back.答案 l.is faithful to 2. much more carefully 3.be cared for 4.but to the moment/time 5.will wait until 短文填空I am Lisa. I have a big parrot and he can l.s. One day, I invited Mrs. White to have dinner in my home. When she 2.e my house, the parrot
22、said Mrs. White was really fat. Mrs. White got very 3.a. She went to me and told me what happened. I said sorry to her. Then I got the parrot out of the cage and took it into a small room. I warned him not to say 4.a to make my guest angry again. A few weeks5.1, Mrs. White visited me again. The parr
23、ot said the same thing to her. It made both Mrs. White and me mad.【答案】1 .speak 2. entered 3.angry 4.anything 5. later 完成句子1 .和你们大篮球很开心 basketball with you.2 .这台车花了我10万元。The new carme 100.000 yuan.=I 1 OO.OOOyuan the new car.3 .我们必须阻止她在公共场合吸烟。We mustsmoking in pubic places.4 .这些孩子由他们的奶奶照顾。The childre
24、nby their grandmother.5 .直到太阳升起，他才醒。Sheupthe sun rose.【答案】1 . Its a pleasure to play2.cost spent buying/paid fbr3.stop/keep/prevent her from4.are cared fbr/looked after5.didnt wake until用所给词的适当形式填空1. The bus driver is(responsibility)fdr the passengers9 safety.2. Dont worry. There are mountains of(ch
25、oose)for you in the big supermarket.3. (keep)a pet is a tiring job for me.4. Your explanation sounds(reason), therefore, I accept your apology.5. She was(faith)to her career all her life.6. My grandmother is(near)one hundred years old now.7. Jims brother is(lie)in bed, reading a storybook.8. I have
26、even (bad) news for you.9. These two events have nothing in(commonly).10. The dog is(friend). You can touch it.【答案】1 .responsible 2.choices 3. Keeping 4.reasonable 5.fainthful 6.nearly 7.lying 8.worsemon 10.riendly四、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Its wonderful (see)a film in the theatre.2. The cold weather stopped
27、me from(hang) out.3. Learn to make and respond to(complain).4. Tell me the (reasonable)why you are late again.5. Everyone has (responsible)to protect animals.6. The dog is (friend) . You can touch it.7. It is your (choose) if you dont want to go.7.1 wont forget the (wonder) trip9. The story is so th
28、at the high school students can read it. (easy)10. These apples taste and sell. (good)【答案】1 .to see 2.hanging plaint 4.reason 5.responsibility 6.friendly 7.choice 8.wonderful9.easy easily 10.good well读课文，根据首字母提示写出所缺的单词。Emma thinks its a good idea to keep pet dogs. She has three r fbr this. First, do
29、gs are c. Second,people can become more r by keeping dogs because we have to f them, train them and playwith them. Third, dogs will be f to their owners.Matt doesnt think keeping pet dogs is a good idea. He has four reasons for this. First, dogs leave their hair everywhere. Second, dogs are n. Not a
30、ll dogs are friendly and nearly all dogs bark at s. Third, its c for people to live in flats, the space of which is s. But dogs need f air and large openspaces. Fourth, keeping dogs can be expensive.【答案】1 .reason 2. cute 3. responsible 4.feed5.faithful6.noisy7.strangersmon9.smalllO.fresh写作假如你有一只宠物狗I
31、ndy,请你根据以下提示写一篇短文介绍它。内容提示：1 .如何获得：去年，父母将其作为生日礼物送给你；2 .与小狗的相处：刚开始给家人带来麻烦，后来很守规矩，是全家人的朋友。 要求：1 .条理清晰，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确，逻辑严谨；2 . 80词左右，可适当扩展。参考范文Last year, my parents bought me a pet dog as a birthday gift. On that day, they took me to a pet shop. There were different kinds of dogs, and I chose a little white one. We took it home and named it Indy.We love Indy very much, although it made troubles for us at first. When it was young, it always ran everywhere and bit our clothes. However, it has changed a lot after my fathers training. It is now the whole familys good friend.