英语7下-Unit 8知识点语法写作背默(背诵版).docx

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1、Unit 8知识点,语法,写作背默语法精讲形容词1.形容词作定语。形容词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词前。例如:She is a good girl.她是一个好女孩儿。2.形容词作表语。形容词作表语时,与连系动词构成系表结构。例如:The meal is delicious.这顿饭很美味。3.形容词作宾语补足语。形容词作宾语补足语时,用来说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。例如:I found the book interesting.我发现这本书有趣。注意:多个形容词修饰名词时,有一定的顺序:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词) 描绘词(大小、长短、形状、长幼、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料)

2、名词。例如:a famous American medical college一所著名的美国医学院a beautiful tall building 一座漂亮而高大的建筑物不定代词1.不定代词的构成。不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing等构成。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语,everything,everybody,everyone可用于各种句式;something,somebody,someone常用于肯定句中; anything,anybody,anyone常用于疑问句或否定句中; no one,nobody,

3、nothing表示否定意义。2.不定代词的指代对象。(1)含-body和-one的不定代词用来指人,二者可互换。例如:Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.隔壁房间有人在哭。(2)含-thing 的不定代词用来指事物。例如:Are you going to buy anything?你打算去买东西吗?3.不定代词的定语。不定代词的定语必须后置,即放到不定代词的后面。例如:There is somebody strange in the street.街上有个奇怪的人。4.不定代词的数。不定代词通常用作单数。作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。例

4、如:Nothing is important.没什么事是重要的。I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。注意:若是希望对方作出肯定回答的一般疑问句,不用anything或anybody,要用something或somebody。例如:Could you tell me something about the accident?你可以告诉我一些有关这个事故的情况吗?语法精练.根据句意用画线单词的反义词填空1.These are old pictures.Amy is wearing a new T-shirt.2.Sandy wears a pair of lon

5、g red boots and a short skirt.3.There are a lot of interesting storybooks in the library.This story is very boring.4.This box is very full.That box is empty.5.The pen is expensive.Do you have a cheap one?.用方框中所给的不定代词填空something,anything,nothing,everything1.Is there anything special in todays newspap

6、er?2.As I know,he knows nothing about this town,so you dont have to ask him.3.There is something wrong with my watch.It doesnt work.4.Everything is ready now.Lets start.知识点精讲1. Bring me something to eat.给我拿些吃的东西来。解析:something to eat意为“吃的东西”,something 为不定代词,to eat为动词不定式,修饰something。如: Can I have some

7、thing to eat, please?请问我能要些吃的东西吗?拓展:英语中动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后。如: I have something to tell you. 我有些事要告诉你。2. How rude you are! 你太粗鲁了!解析:rude,形容词,意为“粗鲁的,不礼貌的”,作定语或表语。反义词为polite(有 礼貌的)。如: He is a rude man and we dont like him.他是一个粗鲁的人,我们不喜欢他。拓展:rudeness,名词,意为“粗鲁,无礼”。3. goldfish 金鱼解析:goldfish,名词,意为“金鱼”,复数为gold

8、fish,但表示各种各样的金鱼时,要用goldfishes.如: There are many goldfish in the pool.水池里有许多金鱼。拓展:类似goldfish单复数相同的可数名词:fish fish鱼 sheep sheep绵羊deer deer鹿 Chinese Chinese中国人Japanese Japanese日本人4. .I like watching them swim around.我喜欢看着它们游来游去。(1) 解析:watch sh. do sth. 为动词短语,意为“观看某人做某事”,表示所做的事情已经完成或经常发生(强调经常性)。如: I dont

9、 like watching her dance.我不喜欢看她跳舞。辨析:watch sb. do sth. 与 watch sb. doing sth.短语含义用法watch sb. do sth.观看某人做了某事强调看列动作发生的全过程或动作经常发生watch sb. doing sth.观看某人正在做某事强调看到动作正在进行如: I watched him enter that shop.我看见他进了那家商店。 The PE teacher is watching the students running.体育老师正在看着学生们跑步。提醒:英语中类似的结构有: heat/see/find

10、 sb. do sth. 听见/看见/发现某人做某事(已做/常做); hear/see/find sb. doing sth. 听见/看见/发现某人正在做某事。(2) 解析:swim around意为“游来游去”,相当于swim here and there.如: The fish swim around in the lake.= The fish swim here and there in the lake.这些鱼在湖里游来游去。联想:常用短语:look around环顾四周;walk around四处走动;look around for四处寻找。5. .its very small a

11、nd soft and I can hold it in my hand.它非常小且柔软,我可以把它握在手里。解析:hold,动词,意为“握住,拿”,过去式为held,后面直接跟宾语。如: She is holding a torch in her hand. 她手里握着一个火炬。6. .I can feed her carrots and I like her long ears.我可以喂她胡萝卜,而且我喜欢她的长耳朵。解析:feed,动词,意为“喂,喂养”,过去式为fed.拓展:含feed的短语feed on 以.为食feed oneself 自己吃feed sth. to sb. 用某物

12、喂某人feed sb sth 喂某人某物feed sb. on/with sth. 用某物喂某人如: Could you please feed my cat for me?请你帮我喂猫好吗? Horses feed on grass.马以草为食。 The child is old enough to feed himself.这个孩子足够大了,能自己吃饭了。 We feed wheat to the cattle.= We feed the cattle wheat. 我们用小麦喂牛。7. .he can sing, and 1 want to teach him to speak. .他会

13、唱歌,而且我想教他说话.解析:teach,动词,意为“教”,后面直接跟宾语,名词形式为teacher(老师)。如: -Who teaches you Maths? 谁教你们数学?- Mr Green. 格林老师。拓展:含teach的短语teach sb. sth. 教某人某事teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学如: Miss Chen teaches me Chinese.陈老师教我语文。 Can you teach me to dance?你能教我跳舞吗? He taught himself how to

14、 use this camera.他自学了怎样使用这台照相机。提醒:teach后接双宾语时,指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语,所以sb.若是代词,要用人称代词的宾格。8. My dog is the cleverest animal of all.我的狗是最聪明的动物,解析:of all意为“在所有当中”,最高级的范围由of,in,among等构成的介词短语引出。形容词最高级是用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较,其句型结构为“主语+谓语+ the +形容词的最高级+范围(三者或三者以上)”,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the。如: This building is the newest of

15、 the five.这幢楼是五幢楼中最新的。9. With eyes open wide, he hunts when I hide.当我躲起来,他就把眼睛睁得大大的,到处找我。(1) 解析:hunt (for)意为“寻找”,相当于look for。但hunt (for)含“竭力寻找”的意思,其对象为某个迫切需要的事物;而look for 强调寻找的过程。如: They hunted everywhere for the missing watch.他们到处寻找那块丢失的手表。 What are you hunting for?你在寻找什么呢?拓展:hunt还可作名词,意为“打猎”。如: I

16、took part in the hunt.我参加了打猎。(2) 解析:hide,动词,意为“藏,隐藏”。如: There was nowhere to hide. 无处可藏。10. Builds me camps out of sticks.用树枝为我搭建营地。解析:build,动词,意为“建造,建筑,其过去式为built,后面直接跟宾语或双宾语。拓展:含build的短语build sth. 建造某物build sb sth. = build sth. for sb. 为某人建造某物build. out of. 用.建造.如: He built a school for the blind.

17、他创办了一所盲人学校。 He built me a model ship out of wood.他用木料为我做了一个轮船模型。11. Hed never bark or bite, and he doesnt like to fight.他从不乱叫,也不咬人,而且不喜欢争斗。解析:fight,动词,意为“打仗(架)”,常与介词with,against,for等连用,其过去式是fought.如: Stop fighting, boys!别打了,小伙子们! He always fights with his neighbours about the noise.他总是为了噪音的事和邻居们打架。拓

18、展: fight 用作及物动词,意为“与.打仗(架)”。如: Tom fought the tall boy just now.刚才汤姆和那个高个子男孩打架了。 fight用作名词,意为“战斗;打架”。如: The police stopped the fight outside the school.警察阻止了校外的斗殴事件。12. My dog is my best friend, and Ill look after him till the end.我的狗是我最好的朋友,我会照顾他一直到最后。(1) 解析:till,介词,意为“到.时,直到.为止”如: Well stay here t

19、ill/ until next month.我们要在这儿”直逗留到下个月。注意: till作介词时,其后接名词(短语);作连词时,其后接句子。如: I waited till ten oclock yesterday.昨天我一直等到10点。 Ill wait here till you come back.我将在这里等,直到你回来。 till和until都可作介词和连词,都有“直到.为止”的含义,用法基本相同。但位于句首时只能用until.(2) 解析:end,名词,意为“末尾,终点”。如: The story has a happy end.这个故事有一个开心的结局。拓展:含end的短语at

20、 the end of 在.尽头/末端by the end of 到.为止in the end 最后,终于如: He will come back the end of the month.他将在月底回来。 He became a manager in the end.最终,他当上了经理。注意:end作动词,意为“终止,结束”。如: When the meeting ended, 1 began to chat with others.会议结束时,我开始和其他人聊了起来。13. She isnt any trouble.她一点也不麻烦。解析:trouble,名词,意为“麻烦”,为不可数名词。如

21、: The little boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents.这个小男孩给他的父母惹了很多麻烦。拓展:trouble还可作动词,意为“使烦恼”。如: Im sorry to trouble you. 对不起,打扰你了。含trouble的短语be in trouble 处于困难中get into trouble 陷入困境out of trouble 摆脱困境have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难14. She doesnt need a gentle touch.她也不需要温柔的抚摸。(1) 解析:gentle,形

22、容词,意为“温柔的”,指性情温和的,近义词为soft/quiet。副词形式为gently(轻轻地;温柔地)。如: My son is a quiet and gentle boy.我儿子是个安静且温和的男孩。拓展:含gentle的短语gentle wind 和风gentle smile 温柔的微笑gentle heart 仁慈的心肠(2) 解析:touch,名词,意为“触摸,碰”。如: The blind have a keen sense of touch.盲人有敏锐的触觉。拓展:touch还可作动词,意为“触摸,碰;感动”。如: Touch it and feel if it is hot

23、.摸一摸,感觉一下它热不热。15. When she gets tired, she sleeps anywhere.当她累的时候,她随便睡在哪里。解析:anywhere,副词,常用于否定句或疑问句中,代替somewhere。若anywhere用于肯定句中,则意为“任何地方”。如: I cant find my pen anywhere.我在哪里都找不到我的钢笔。 You can go anywhere if you win the match.如果你赢了比赛,你可以去任何地方。拓展:类似结构的复合不定副词:somewhere 某处(常用在肯定句中)everywhere 到处(用于各种句式)n

24、owhere 无处;哪里都不(表示否定意义)16. He is very clever and he can repeat my words.他非常聪明,而且他能重复我的话。解析:repeat,动词,意为“重复”,后面直接跟重复的内容作宾语。如: Listen carefully I will repeat my question.仔细听。我会重复我的问题。拓展:repeat作动词,还可以表示“背诵”。如: Can you repeat the text?你能背诵这篇课文吗?提醒:repeat本身已表示“再一次”,因此不能与again连用。17. He is happy all the tim

25、e.他一直很快乐。解析:all the time意为“一直,总是”,相当于always,作状语。如: My father is busy at work all the time.我爸爸一直忙于工作。 -Dont play computer games all the time, Jack!不要一直玩电脑游戏,杰克!-OK, Mum. 好的,妈妈。18. I dont agree. 我不同意。解析:agree,动词,意为“同意;应允”。如: He doesnt agree to our plan.他不赞同我们的计划。辨析:agree with,agree to (do) sth. 与agree

26、 onagree with指“同意、赞成(某人的意见、看法等)”后接某人、某事或宾语从句agree to(do) sth.指“同意(做)某事”,不可说agree sb to do sth.agree on指双方或多方协商后“在某方面取得一致意见”,主语必须是协调的双方或多方如: All of us agree with the professor.我们大家都同意教授的意见。 They agreed to my suggestion.他们同意我的建议。 I dont agree to do that experiment.我不同意做那个实验。 We dont agree on everythin

27、g.我们不是对所有事情都看法一致。19. Put your goldfish in the sun.把你的金鱼放在阳光下。解析:in the sun意为“在阳光下”。如: Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有坏处。提醒:“在阳光下”不能说成under the sun,under the sun意为“天下,世上,全世界”如: They talk about everything under the sun.他们天南海北无所不谈。20. A goldfish can weigh up to 40 grams.一条金鱼可以重达40克

28、。(1) weigh,动词,意为“重;有.重” ,固定句型“sb weigh(s) sth.”意为“某人称某物的重量”。“sth weigh(s) +具体数学”意为“某物重.”如: This box weighs five kilograms.这个箱子重5千克。拓展:weight,名词,意为“重量”。常用短语:the weight of sth. 某物的重量;in weight在重量上。“How much do(es) sth. weigh?”意为“某物多重?”,相当于“Whats the weight of sth. ?”。:(2) 解析:up to意为“多达”。如: The classro

29、om can hold up to 60 students.这间教室可以容纳多达60名学生。拓展:be up to sb ,意为“由某人决定”。如: Its all up to you.这都由你决定。21. They can grow up to be 20 centimetres long and weigh up to 400 grams.它们能长到20厘米长,重达400克。解析:grow up为动词短语,意为“成长;长大成人”。如: -What do you want to be when you grow up?你长大后想成为什么?- I want to be a doctor.我想成

30、为一名医生。拓展:grow into意为“长成,成长为”。如: I hope my son will grow into a healthy young man.我希望我的儿子将成长为一个健康的小伙子。22. Do they make any noise?它们发出任何噪音吗?解析:noise, 可数/不可数名词,意为“噪音”,指任何响亮不悦耳的嘈杂声。如: Dont make any noise. Keep quiet, please.不要制造任何噪音。请保持安静。23. We only brush her fur every day.我们只是每天给她刷毛。解析:brush,动词,意为“刷;擦

31、”。如: You should brush your shoes.你应该刷你的鞋。拓展:brush作名词,意为“刷子;画笔”,复数形式为brushes24. Finding information on the Internet在网上找到信息解析:Internet,名词,意为“因特网,国际互联网”。 如: Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.因特网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。拓展:on the Internet意为“在网上”。如: You can find it on the Internet.你可以在网上找到它。25. She likes

32、 sleeping in a basket.她喜欢睡在篮子里。解析:basket,名词,意为“篮子”,复数形式为baskets。固定短语a basket of意为“一篮子.”。如: I need to buy a basket of eggs.我需要买一篮子鸡蛋。拓展:basket常构成的派生词或短语:basketball 篮球 picnic basket 野餐篮shopping basket 购物篮 a basket of apples 一篮子苹果26. What does it look like? 它长什么样?解析:“What do/does +主语+ look like?”意为“某人/

33、某物长什么样?”,常用来询问某人/某物的外表(包括容貌、身材等)。其中like 是介词,意为“像”。如: -What does the girl look like?那女孩长什么样?-She is tall and slim.她又高又苗条。27. noisy 吵闹的,嘈杂的解析:noisy,形容词,意为“吵闹的,嘈杂的”;noisily,副词,意为“吵闹地”如: It is Sunday today. It is very noisy in the street.今天是星期天。街上很嘈杂。单元话题写作写作要求本单元的话题是“宠物”。在日常生活中,宠物是人们为了精神目的而饲养的动物,因此人们养宠

34、物一般是为了消除孤寂或放松身心。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.能够介绍宠物的基本信息,如大小、颜色、皮毛等;2.能够介绍宠物的生活习性及如何照顾它;3.能够表达对宠物的喜爱之情以及喜爱的原因。词汇积累train 训练friendly 友好的beautiful 美丽的lovely 可爱的shy 害羞的feed 饲养;喂touch 触摸noisy 吵闹的lazy 懒惰的responsible 有责任的together 一起make noise 发生噪音play with 与一起玩take care of/look after 照顾;照看run after 追赶grow up 长大make

35、 some noise 制造噪音句型积累1.I love/like my cat very much.我非常喜爱我的猫。2.It is always very friendly to people.它对人总是非常友好。3.It has a long tail and two blue eyes.它有一条长尾巴和两只蓝眼睛。4.It likes sleeping in the sofa and dislikes playing with a dog.它喜欢睡在沙发上,不喜欢和狗一起玩。5.I like birds because they can make nice sounds.我喜欢鸟,因为

36、它们能发出优美的声音。句式训练翻译句子1.Some animals like eating meat best.2.There are many kinds of birds in the park.3.Some animals are big,but some are small.4.Some animals live on plants.5.You had better not feed the animals in the zoo.语段训练你的美国网友米莉想养金鱼,但又不太了解它们,她知道你的宠物是金鱼,因此希望你能给她提供一些帮助。请根据以下提示,写一篇文章。要求: 1.内容必须包括以

37、上提示,可适当发挥; 2.语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范; 3.词数70左右,文章标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数。My pet goldfish Goldfish are my favourite pet.I like them very much.They are small.They can grow up to be 20 centimetres long and weigh up to 400 grams.Some are black,some are white and some are red.They are easy to look after.I feed them once a day.They eat special fish food and sometimes eat vegetables.I put them in clean water.They dont make any trouble.They are very quiet,and they dont make any noise.I like watching them swim around.Oh,my pet goldfish can always make me happy.We are good friends. 12 / 12学科网(北京)股份有限公司

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