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1、Unit 6知识点，语法，写作背默语法精讲一般过去时(二)1.行为动词的一般过去时的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句的构成:(1)肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他。例如:They had a picnic in the park last week.上周他们在公园里野餐了。(2)否定句:主语+did not/didnt+动词原形+其他。例如:We didnt have classes yesterday.我们昨天没有课。(3)一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did。否定回答:No,主语+didnt。例如:Did Amy finish her homework on t
2、ime?埃米按时完成她的家庭作业了吗?Yes,she did./ No,she didnt.是的,她按时完成了。/ 不,她没有。2.be动词的一般过去时的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句的构成:(1)肯定句:主语+was/were+其他。例如:He was very busy last week.上周他很忙。(2)否定句:主语+was/were+not+其他。例如:Helen wasnt at home yesterday.海伦昨天没在家。(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were。否定回答:No,主语+wasnt/werent。例如:Were they
3、 worried about their work?他们担心他们的工作吗?Yes,they were./ No,they werent.是的,他们担心。/ 不,他们不担心。语法精练.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1.Just now,he got a call and hurried(hurry) home.2.Whotaught(teach) you English last term?Miss Wang.3.I went(go) swimming last Sunday,so I didnt go(not go) shopping.4.When I was(be) a child,I of
4、ten listened(listen) to music.5.What time didMr Zhang get(get) to school this morning?At 6:30.按要求完成句子,每空一词1.He put on his coat and left home without a word.(改为一般疑问句)Didheputon his coat and leave home without a word?2.There were some people at the concert.(改为一般疑问句)Were there any people at the concert
5、?3.I read an English book last week.(改为一般疑问句)Did you read an English book last week?4.Did they enjoy themselves in the park?(作肯定和否定回答)Yes,they did.No,they didnt.5.Lucy did her homework at home yesterday.(改为否定句)Lucy didnt doher homework at home yesterday.知识点精讲Comic strip and welcome to the unit1.Hurr
6、y up. 快点，埃迪。hurry up意为“赶快，快点，加紧”，含有催促、命令之意。用于否定结构时，副词up可省略。Dont hurry. Theres plenty of time. 别急，有的是时间。拓展：hurry 的其他用法：hurry up快点；赶快Hurry up，or youll be late for school.快点，否则你上学要迟到了。in a hurry表示“匆忙地”。She dressed herself for the party in a hurry. 她为参加联欢会而匆忙地穿衣服。hurry off/away表示“匆匆离去”，无催促之意。Li Lei hurr
7、ied off/away without a word.李雷一句话不说就匆匆走了。hurry to“匆匆去某地”，to是介词He hurried to his office. He went to his office in a hurry.他匆匆忙忙地去办公室。2.Im tired.我累了。tired 感到疲劳的；tiring 令人疲劳的，累人的tired 形容词，意为“疲劳的，劳累的，通常用来修饰人。We felt tired after a long walking.长时间行走后我们感觉累了。tiring形容词，意为“令人困倦的；累人的，通常用来修饰物。The tiring travel
8、 made the students tired.这次累人的旅行让学生们感到很劳累。固定搭配sb. be/feel tired某人感到疲劳的be tired out筋疲力尽a tiring trip一次累人的旅行3. You complain too much. 你抱怨太多了。(1)complain的用法complain to sb.向某人抱怨/诉说Dont complain to anybody.不要向任何人抱怨。complain about sth. 抱怨某事I shouldnt complain about much homework.我不应抱怨很多作业。complain to sb.
9、about sth. 向某人抱怨/投诉某事He complained to his mother about his old school bag.他向他妈妈抱怨他的旧书包。complain+that从句 抱怨.Dont always complain that you dont have enough time to finish all the exercises in the exam.不要总是抱怨考试时你没足够时间完成所有题目。（2）too much是一个形容词短语，意为“太多的，过多的”。辨析：too much与much tootoo much该短语强调much，修饰不可数名词。Ea
10、ting too much is bad for our health.吃得太多对我们的健康有害。much too该短语强调too，修饰形容词或副词。This book is much too cheap.这本书太便宜了。4.The bag isnt that heavy. 这个包不是那么重。句中that是副词，意为“那么，那样”，相当于so。It wasnt that cold outside. 外面没有那么冷。拓展：that常作代词、连词或者限定词。Thats my English teacher over there. 那边是我的英语老师。He is so tired that he c
11、ant walk any farther. 他非常疲劳，走不动了。5.Hobo, carry it for me.霍波，帮我拿一下。carry sth. for sb. 为某人拿某物区别carry, bring, takecarry拿，搬，提，扛，背(不强调方向性)The man is polite enough to carry shopping bags for his wife.这位男士为他的妻子拎购物袋，够有礼貌。bring带来(由远到近)Dont forget to bring money to buy clothes.不要忘了把钱带来买衣服。take带走(由近到远)Jack too
12、k a map with him on his trip.杰克带着地图踏上旅途。6.I want to go camping. 我想去野营。camping是名词，意为“野营”。拓展：camping是由camp加上-ing构成，表示进行野营这项活动。此类词还可以与go连用，表示从事某种娱乐性体育活动，表示“去做”。go skiing 去滑雪go running 去跑步go climbing去登山go skating 去骑车go walking 去散步go diving 去潜水go fishing 去钓鱼go climbing去爬山7. What do you like about camping
13、?你认为野营怎么样？What do you like about.?=Why do you like.?你为什么喜欢.?(问原因)What do you think of/about.?=How do you like/find.?你认为.怎么样？(问评价)What do you like about red?=Why do you like red?你为什么喜欢红色？-What do you think of/about the summer camping?=How do you like/find the summer camping? -Not bad.你认为这次夏令营怎么样？还不错。
14、Reading1.She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by. 她抬起头，看到一只穿着外套的白兔子正从他们身旁经过。（1）look up的用法look up意为“向上看”。When he looked up，he saw the boss. 他抬起头时看到了老板。look up还可以表示“查阅，查找”。You can look up this word in the dictionary. 你可以在字典里查找这个单词。注意：look up是“动词+副词”构成的动词短语。若跟代词作宾语时，代词要放在中间。pass的用法pas
15、s 经过=walk past/ go pastI pass/walk past/go past the park on my way home every day.我每天回家的路上走过公园。pass 通过Luckily, she passed the exam at last.幸运的是，她最终通过了考试。pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人The man passed me the newspaper.=The postman passed the newspaper to me.这个男人把报纸递给了我。2.It took a watch out of
16、its pocket and looked at the time.它从口袋里拿出一块表看看时间。take.out of.意为“从里拿出”。拓展：与out of相关的短语：get out of.从里面出来jump out of. 从里面跳出来look out of.从朝外看3.Alice stood up and ran across the field after the rabbit. 爱丽丝站起身来，紧跟着那只兔子跑过田野。run across意为“跑过；偶然遇见”。Can you run across the playground in ten minutes. 你能在十分钟内跑步穿过
17、操场吗？When did you run across Miss Li？ 你什么时候碰到李老师的？4.Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too. 爱丽丝不想让那只兔子逃脱，因此她也跟着跳进洞中。get away逃脱；离开。I got away early in the morning.我一早就动身离开了。5.How amazing！多么惊奇啊!感叹句： What a/anadj. 单数可数名词 （ 主语谓语）What a kind man （he is）！（他是）多么善良的一位男
18、子啊！ What adj. 不可数名词/可数名词复数 （ 主语谓语）What nice music （it is）！（它是）多么好听的音乐啊！ How adj./adv. 主语谓语How beautiful the girl is！这个女孩真漂亮啊！6. Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground. 爱丽丝向下掉了很长时间，然后才落地。fall动词，意为“倒下；跌下；落下”，其过去式为fell。He fell into the water and got wet. 他掉进水里，全身都湿透了。fall名词，意为“落下；瀑布；秋天
19、”等。How many falls do you know? 你知道多少个瀑布呢？fall的常见短语fall down倒下，落下 fall over 摔倒；跌倒 fall off 从摔下fall behind 落后；落在的后面7. She found herself alone in a long, low hall. 她发现自己一个人在一个又长又低矮的大厅里。（1）find的用法find sb./sth.+adj.发现/觉得某人或某物处于某种状态爱丽丝发现所有的门都锁着。Alice found all the doors locked.find宾语介词短语发现某人/某物（在哪里）He wok
20、e up and found himself in a hospital bed. 他醒来发现自己躺在医院的病床上。（2） alone形容词，意为“独自，单独”，习惯上只用作表语，指客观上独自一人，相当于by oneself 或 on ones own。He is alone because his friends all left him.他独自一人，因为他的朋友们都离开了他。注意：alone 作副词，意为“单独；独自”。The old man lives alone in the country.那位老人独自住在乡下。8.There were doors all around, but t
21、hey were all locked. 周围都是门，但全都是锁着的。locked形容词，意为“锁上的”，动词为lock（锁上；锁好，关好），过去式为locked。Are you sure you locked the door？ 你确定锁门了吗？拓展：类似的在词尾加-ed构成其形容词的动词有：close - closed 关着的 pollute - polluted 受污染的9.Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key to it. 然后爱丽丝注意到一扇小门，并把钥匙插进去。动词notice意为“注意，察觉”，后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
22、He was so busy that he didnt notice me. 他太忙了，没有注意到我。辨析：notice sb. doing sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事”，强调所注意的动作正在进行。notice sb. do sth.意为“注意某人做了某事”，强调注意到动作的全过程。Did you notice his hand shaking？ 你有没有注意到他的手在抖？I noticed them come in.我注意到了他们进来了。10.Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.爱丽丝试图穿过门去，但她太大
23、了。through介词，意为“通过；穿过”。多指从立体空间（的内部）穿越，可和forest，city，window等搭配。辨析：介词through，across与over。through，across和over都是介词，均有“过”的意思；through强调在事物的里面穿过They walked through the forest. 他们步行穿过那片森林。across指在事物的表面横向穿过He is swimming across the pool. 他正游过游泳池over指从某物的正上方跨越The dog jumped over the chair.狗从椅子上翻了过去。11.The stra
24、nge rabbit surprised Alice. 那只奇怪的兔子令爱丽丝惊讶。surprise作动词，表示“使惊讶，使措手不及”，宾语通常是人。His words surprised us last Sunday morning. 上周日早晨他的话使我们吃惊。to ones surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是”，它对全句进行解释或说明，表示说话人的态度或看法，一般放在句首。To our surprise，the girl won the prize. 使我们惊奇的是，这个女孩获奖了。in surprise意为“惊奇地，吃惊地”，修饰谓语动词。He looked at me in sur
25、prise.他惊奇地看着我。12.It took Alice a long time to hit the ground.落到地上花费了爱丽丝很长时间。It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。这是一个常用句式。其中 it 为形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的主语。It took me half an hour to walk there.步行去那儿花了我半个小时。spend的用法spend.on sth.在.上花费时间/金钱I spent two hours on homework.我花了两个小时做家作。spend.din
26、g sth.花费时间/金钱做某事They spent two years building the bridge .他们花了两年时间造这座桥。Grammar1.We put up our tent near a lake. 我们在湖的附近搭建了我们的帐篷。put up 此处意为“搭，竖起”。另外， put up还可意为“挂起；张贴；举起；抬起”。Please help me put up the picture.请帮我挂起这幅画。与 put 相关的短语：put on穿上put off推迟put away收拾put out扑灭put down放下put.in order把.整理得井井有条put
27、back 放回2.He practised playing volleyball with his friend.他和他的朋友练习打排球。practise 动词，意为“练习”，后接名词，代词，v. -ing 形式作宾语。practise doing sth. 意为“练习做某事”。We should practise spoken English every day.我们应该每天都练习英语口语。He practises playing football every day.他每天练习踢足球。注意: practise为动词，多用于英式英语中，在英式英语中表示“练习”的名词应用practice，而在
28、美式英语中practice既可用作动词也可用作名词3. Did you stay outside all night？你们整晚都待在外面吗？all night 意为“通宵，整夜”。注意 night 之前没有定冠词。The baby next door kept me awake. It cried all night.隔壁的孩子吵得我睡不着觉。他整夜哭个没完。拓展：all day and all night 表示“整日整夜”。Integrated skills1.In the Warring States period, a famous man, Mozi,made a bird out o
29、f wood. 在战国时期，一位名人墨子，用木头做了一只鸟。（1） period名词，意为“学时，课时；一段时间，时期”。We have five periods of English a week. 我们一星期有五节英语课。（2） make. out of. 意为“用.成.”相当于use. to make.We make paper out of wood. We use wood to make paper.我们用木头做纸。（3）wood名词，意为“木头，木材”，形容词为wooden（木制的）。wood不可数名词，意为“木头，木材”。常借助于piece表达其数量。a piece of wo
30、od一块木头”。It is easy for dry wood to catch fire.干燥的木头容易起火。2.In the 13th century, an Italian man called Marco Polo visited China. 在十三世纪，一个名叫马可波罗的意大利人访问了中国。century名词，意为“世纪，百年”。We are living in the 21stcentury. 我们生活在21世纪。拓展：用century表示“几世纪”，要用固定结构“the+序数词+century”，century前需用序数词，并加定冠词the。the twentieth cent
31、ury 20世纪this century或the century指“本世纪”last century指“上个世纪”next century指“下个世纪”3.Weifang，a city in Shandong Province, became famous for making kites then on. 潍坊，山东省的一个城市，从那时起因为制作风筝而出名了。辨析：from then on，from now onfrom then on以过去为起点延续下来，谓语通常用过去时态和完成时态From then on I became interested in English.从那时起，我变得对英
32、语感兴趣了。from now on意为“从现在起”，是以现在为起点延续下去，谓语通常用将来时态I am going to work hard from now on.从现在起我将努力学习。4.Im so excited. 我很兴奋。辨析：exciting与excitedexciting意为“令人兴奋的”，主语通常为物。excited意为“对感到兴奋的”，主语通常为人。We are all excited about the exciting news. 我们都对这个令人兴奋的消息感到兴奋。Study skillsTask1.Alice opened the bottle and drank a
33、 little. 爱丽丝打开瓶子，喝了一点点。短语a little意为“一点；少量”。A little more sugar,please. 请多放点儿糖。注意：little还可以作为形容词，意为“小的”，与big相对。The little boy made the same mistake again. 这个小男孩又犯了同样的错误。2.It tasted sweet. 它尝起来甜甜的。sweet是一个形容词，意为“甜的”。I dont like sweet food. 我不喜欢甜食。拓展：sweet在英式英语中表示“糖果；甜点”，而美式英语中常用candy来表达这个意思。Children l
34、ike sweets.=Children like candy.孩子们喜欢糖果。3.She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller. 她低头看到她的身体变得越来越小。1）become动词，意为“开始变得，变成”，后接形容词或名词短语作表语。类似become的连系动词有：look，feel，get，grow，keep，seem，smell，sound，taste，turn等。His bedroom looks very tidy. 他的卧室看上去很整齐。The soup smells nice.汤闻起来很香。2）
35、smaller and smaller意为“越来越小”。“比较级and比较级”相当于汉语中的“越来越.”。The train moved away faster and faster. 火车开走了，速度越来越快。拓展：more and more adj./adv.的原级.意为“越来越.”（形容词/副词是双音节或多音节词）Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡变得越来越美丽。4.Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter
36、 the garden. 很快爱丽丝就小得足以通过那扇门了，因此她决定进入花园。（1）be small enough to do sth.“足够小去做某事”。该词组结构为“be+形容词+enough+to do sth.”，表示“足够去做某事”。He is old enough to go to school.他已经够年龄去上学了。（2）decide用作动词，意为“决定；决心”。decide （not） to do决定（不）做某事He decided to buy some new clothes .他决定买一些新衣服。decide疑问词动词不定式She cant decide where t
37、o go.她不能决定去哪儿.（3）enter动词，意为“进入”，相当于“go into”，后面直接跟进入或加入的对象。Please do not enter before knocking on the door. 进来前请先敲门。5.When she walked towards the door, she forgot about the key. 当她朝着那扇门走去的时候，她忘记拿那把钥匙了。1)towards 介词，意为“朝，向；面对”，只表示“方向”，不含有“到达某地”之意。I saw her walking towards the post office. 我看到她朝邮局走去。2）
38、forget动词，意为“忘记”。forget常构成的固定短语有：forget to do sth.表示“忘记做某事（事情还没做）”Dont forget to call me. 不要忘记给我打电话。forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事（事情已做过）”He forgot locking the door. 他忘记他已经锁门了。6.Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key. 爱丽丝不得不回到桌旁，但是她太小了够不到钥匙。1）too.to意为“太而不能”。短语中too是副词，后接
39、形容词或副词；to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。Im too hungry to walk there.我太饿了，走不到那里。too.to结构可与not.enough to.结构相互转换。He is too short to reach the key.=He isnt tall enough to reach the key.他太矮够不到那把钥匙。2）reach动词，意为“伸手（脚）够到；到达”。Can you reach the apples over there? 你能够到那边的苹果吗？He reached Shanghai yesterday.他昨天到达上海。7.She tried
40、to climb up, but failed. 她试图爬上去，但是没有成功。fail动词，意为“失败”，通常强调做了，但是没有成功。固定短语：fail in sth.在某事上失败了Jack failed in the game.杰克输了比赛。fail to do sth.做某事失败了The little boy failed to climb up the tree.这个小男孩没能爬上那棵树。单元话题写作写作要求本单元的话题是“户外活动”。户外活动既可以放松心情,又可以强身健体。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.能介绍自己在空闲时间进行的活动;2.能简单介绍进行这些活动的注意事项及好处
41、;3.能叙述户外活动给生活带来的影响。词汇积累hurry 匆忙,急忙camping 野营riding 骑马skating 滑冰cycling 骑自行车outside 外面notice 注意;察觉surprise 使惊奇pass 经过,通过excited 激动的climb 攀登reach 够到fail 失败healthy 健康的countryside 乡下go camping 去野营have a picnic 去野餐be good for 有益pass by 经过get away 逃脱,离开go through 通过from then on 从那时起be full of.充满on ones wa
42、y to 在去的路上句型积累1.I usually exercise every day.我通常每天都锻炼。2.She often helps with housework.她经常帮忙做家务。3.I hardly ever go out on weekends.我周末几乎从不外出。4.He reads English books at least twice a week.他每周至少看两次英文书籍。5.Although most people like watching TV,games are still the most popular.虽然多数人喜欢看电视,但是游戏还是最受欢迎的。句式训
43、练根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词1.我最喜爱的运动是滑冰。My favourite sport is to go skating.2.我每天大约花两个小时游泳。It takes me about two hours to go swimming every day.3.跑步对我们的身体有益。Its good for us to go running.4.运动能使我们健康。为什么不加入我们呢?Sports can make us healthy.Why not join us?5.你最喜欢的运动是什么?Whats your favourite sport?语段训练假设下表是你上个周末的行程,请据
44、此写一篇英语短文。时间活动上周六上午骑自行车下午钓鱼晚上看电影上周日白天观光晚上休息注意:1.词数70左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.文中不要出现真实的姓名和校名。I had a good time last weekend.On last Saturday morning I went bike riding with my best friend.In the afternoon I went fishing with my father.And in the evening,I went to the movies with my brother.We watched a comedy.I thought it was very interesting.Then on last Sunday,I went sightseeing in our city all the day.And in the evening I had a rest.What a wonderful weekend I had! 15 / 15学科网（北京）股份有限公司