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1、Unit7语法，知识点，写作背默语法精讲被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动 语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一般情况下，两种语态之间可以 相互转换。例如：We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。The classroom is cleaned （by us） every day,教室每天都（被我们）打扫。1 .被动语态的基本构成：一般现在时:主语（动作的承受者）+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）
2、。例如：The glass is broken （by the naughty boy）.这个玻璃杯被（那个调皮的男孩）打破了。一般过去时:主语（动作的承受者）+was/were+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）。例如：He was not invited to the party last night.昨天晚上他没有被邀请参加聚会。2 .被动语态的基本用法：动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。例如：Nowadays,English is spoken in many countries.现在许多国家（的人们）都讲英语。不知道动作的执行者是谁时。例如：The dress was stol
3、en from the hotel room.裙子在酒店里被偷走了。需要强调动作的承受者时。例如：My radio was repaired.我的收音机被修好了。（4）出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。例如：This problem was talked about just now.这个问题刚才被讨论过。（5）在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。例如：Brazil was beaten by France in the final.在总决赛中，巴西队被法国队打败了。3 .注意：有些动词淇主动语态形式含有被动意义，如smell,taste,sound,feel等
4、。还有些不及物动词,常用主动语态，和 well easily等副词连用时，含有被动意义。例如：The song sounds very nice.这首歌很好听。This new book sells well.这本新书卖得很好。be glad to do sth做某事感到高兴句型积累1 .Many of our patients can afford to go to hospital,so we have to go to them.我们的很多病人没钱去看病，所以 我们得到他们那里去。2 .My father is working for a foreign company.我的父亲就职于一
5、家外国公司。3 .He is used to taking notes of everything he did.他习惯把他所做的一切事情都记下来。4 .He is afraid of hurting her feelings.他怕伤 了 她的感情。5 .At last,he made up his mind to do it.最后，他终于下定决心做这件事。句型训练根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词1 .我们国家为孩子们提供基础教育。Our country providesbasiceducationfor children.2 .医生们现在已经认识到必须阻止这种疾病的传播。The doctors
6、 haverealized that they must prevent the spread of the disease.3 .你做得很棒。You have done a goodjob .4 .我想多了解一些关于乐施会的情况。I want to knowmoreabout Oxfam.5 .我还剩下一些零花钱。我们买一些吃的吧。I have some pocketmoneyleft .Lets buy something to eat .语段训练募捐活动根据提示，将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。1 .我们学校在2022年10月1日星期一举办了一场名为“为儿童行走”的募捐活动。(fund-ra
7、ising event;Walk for Children)2 .这场活动在上午9点开始。路线是从阳光街到南山。(Sunny Street;South Hill)3 .这场活动的目的是帮助贫困的孩子上学。(aim;help;poor)4 .我和我们组成员在两个小时内走完了全程。我们得到了证书和纪念品。(finish;certificate;souvenir)5 .这场活动至少筹集了 4000元。我将永远记得这段经历,因为它非常有意义。(coHect;remember;meaningful)Our school held a fund-raising event called Walk for
8、Children on Monday,October l,2022.It started at 9:00 a.m.Its route is from Sunny Street to South Hill.Its aim is to help the children who are too poor to go to school.My team members and I finished the walk within two hours and we received certificates and souvenirs.We collected at least 4,000 yuan.
9、ril always remember the experience because it is very meaningful.主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，但变为被动语态时，须加上too例如:He made the boy do heavy work.The boy was made to do heavy work by him.他让这个男孩做繁重的工作。接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，若直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词由与其搭配的动 词决定。例如：He gave me a book.一A book was given to me by him.
10、他给 了 我一本书。语法精练I .按要求完成句子，每空一词1 .My mother waters flowers every day.（改为被动语态）Flowers arewatered by my mother every day.2 .Many foreigners know the Great Wall.（改为被动语态）The Great Wall is known to many foreigners.3 .Was the printer used to put your words onto paper by you?（改为主动语态）Did you use the printer t
11、o put your words onto paper?4 .The princess was caught by an evil witch.（改为主动语态）An evil witch caught the princess.5 .The teacher made the students copy the text.（改为被动语态）The students were made to copy the text by the teacher.知识点精练1. You have some pocket money left.你有一些剩余的零用钱。解析：句中left是动词leave的过去分词，意为
12、“剩下的,余下的“，在句中作后置定语修饰pocket money。固 定结构have sth. left意为“剩下/乘U余某物如：I have a little milk left.我剩了一点牛奶。2. It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world.它帮助为每个人，尤其是 全世界的孩子们建造一个更好的世界。解析：especially,副词,意为“特别,尤其“，在句中可修饰名词、动词、形容词介词短语等,especially多放 在它所修饰的内容的前面，后面常跟强调的内容，在句中
13、作状语。如：Al love the country, especially in spring.我喜欢乡村,尤其在春天的时候。AThe sun looks especially beautiful from this angle.太阳从这个角度看起来特别美。拓展：special,形容词，意为“特别的;特殊的，副词为specially,意为“特意;专门地”。如：a He came here specially to get a grammar book.他专门来这儿买一本语法书。3. It provides basic education for children in poor areas.它
14、为贫困地区的孩子提供基础教育。解析：education,不可数名词，意为“教育”。如：a She received medical education in Japan.她在日本受过医学教育。拓展：education的动词为educate,意为“教育;教养”，固定结构educate sb to do sth.意为“教育某人做某事”。educator,名词，意为“教育工作者;教育家如：4That educator published many articles.那位教育工作者发表了许多文章。4. It works for the equal rights of girls and women t
15、oo.它也为女孩和妇女们争取平等的权利。解析：right名词，意为“权利”，后常接动词不定式或“of+名词”结构作定语，表示“的权利工如：aI have the right to ask for an explanation.我有权要求一个解释。a Do the police have the right of arrest in this situation?在此情况下警方有逮捕权吗？拓展：right作名词，还可表示“右边;右方”。如：a Take the second turning on the right.在第二个路口 向右拐。right作形容词，意为“右边的;正确的”。如：-The
16、bus station is on the right side.公共汽车站在右边。right作副词，意为“向右边;在右边，如：a Turn right at the end of the street.在街道的尽头往右拐。5. It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS,among young people.它也致力于阻止一些严重疾病在年轻人中的传播，例如艾滋病。解析：spread,名词，意为“扩散;分布;展开”,常用结构the spread of意为.的扩散”。如：a What can we
17、 do to prevent the spread of this disease?我们能做什么来防止这种疾病的传播呢？拓展：spread作动词，意为“传播;扩散，过去式和过去分词都是spread.如：AThe news that Jin Yong passed away in 2018 spread so quickly all over the world.金庸于 2018 年去世的消 息迅速传遍了世界各地。6. About 285 million people around the world are blind or have other eye problems, mostly in
18、 poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured,全世界大约 2.85 亿人是失明的或者有其他的眼部问题，大部分在贫困地区，并且这些病例中的大约80%可以被预防或治愈。解析：(1) mostly,副词，意为“主要地，大部分地”，用于修饰谓语动词或介词短语。如：a She uses her car mostly for driving to work.她开车主要用于上班。a He works mostly in London Office.他主要在伦敦办事处工作。cure动词，意为“治愈”，指用
19、药物治愈某人的病。其宾语可以是人，也可以是某类疾病，固定结构cure sb.of 意为“治愈某人丁如：a He says he can cure me but I still doubt him.他说他能治好我的病，但我还是不相信他。AThe only way to cure backache is to rest,治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。7. However, many people dont have money for medical treatment.然而，许多人没有钱接受医学治疗。(1)解析：medical,形容词,意为“医学的,医疗的”,常用短语：medical treatme
20、nt医疗；medical research医学 研究；medical records 病历。如：Teachers have a medical examination every year.教师每年进行一次医学检查。拓展：medical的名词形式为medicine,意为“医学;药”，为不可数名词。如：a Take the medicine twice a day.这药一天服用两次。 解析：treatment,名词，意为“治疗，其动词形式为treat,意为“治疗”。固定结构get/receive treatment意为“接受治疗”。如：AThey are trying a new treatme
21、nt for cancer.他们正在尝试一种新的治疗癌症的方法。a Which doctors are treating her for her illness?哪几位医生在为她治疗疾病？辨析:cure 与 treatcure多用于疾病方面，强调治疗的结果后面接人或疾病，表示“治愈”treat强调治疗的动作，不强调治疗的结果，后面接人、疾病或伤病处一言辨异： The doctor says hell try his best to treat the patient, but he is not sure whether he can cure her or not. 医生说他将尽他最大的努力
22、治疗那位病人，但他不确定是否能治愈她。8. Many of our patients can*t afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.我们的很多病人没钱去医院, 所以我们得去他们那儿。(1)解析：afford,动词，意为“买得起:能做，常接在can. could, be able to之后，多用于否定句和疑问句中， 后接名词、动词不定式或双宾语。常用结构afford to do sth,意为”有足够的钱做某事”。如：Can you afford a new car?你能买得起一辆新的小汽车吗?a We cant afford t
23、o buy a new house 我们买不起新房子。解析：go to hospital意为“去看病”，相当于go to a doctor.如:a He was sick and had to go to hospital 他病了,不得不去看病。拓展：go to the hospital意为“去医院（工作或看望病人等广。如：a Im going to the hospital.我正要去医院。9. During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on.在我上次的探访中，（我）给 150 位病人做了手术。解析：patient,可数名词，意为“病人”
24、。如：a The nurses take good care of the patients.护士把病人照顾得很好。10. Tm proud to help people see again and improve their lives.我很自豪能帮助人们重见光明并改善他们的 生活。解析：proud,形容词，意为“自豪的，骄傲的”。proud的常见用法：be proud of为.自豪/骄傲 be proud to do sth.做某事自豪/骄傲be proud （that）自豪/骄傲.如：a We are proud of being Chinese.我们为（自己）是中国人而感到骄傲。Afm
25、 proud to be a League member.我为成为一名共青团员而感到自豪。a He is proud that he is a scientist.他很自豪他是一名科学家。拓展：proud的名词为pride,意为“骄傲:自豪”，固定结构take pride in意为“为而骄傲.因而自豪”，相当于 be proud of。如：AHe is the joy and pride of his parents.他是他父母的欢乐和骄傲。a She takes pride in her works of art.她为她的艺术作品而自豪。11. Modern medicine is deve
26、loping quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.现代医学正迅速发展，现在大部分的眼部问题和疾病都可以被治疗和治愈。解析：develop,动词，意为“发展;加强;生长工后常接名词或代词作宾语，通常强调某物发展进程缓慢复杂或 指自身（理论、想法）发展的结果。如：a We must do our best to develop the national economy.我们必须尽我们最大的努力发展国民经济。a Plants develop from seeds, but many anima
27、ls develop from eggs.植物由种子发育而成，而许多动物由卵发育 而来。12. But more money is needed to carry on with our work.但是需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。解析：carry on意为“继续开展，继续下去”，同义词为continueo固定结构carry on with/ doing sth,表示“继续（做）某事”,相当于 go on with/doing sth.或 continue doing sth。如：ACarry on with your lessons while the teacher is away.当老师
28、不在的时候,继续做你们的功课。Alt was dark but they carried/ went on walking.天黑了，但他们继续走路。13. hand out 分发解析：hand out意为“分发;提出 是“动词+副词”结构的短语，若宾语是名词，可放在两词中间或后面，但若 宾语是代词，只能放在两词中间。如：aI have to make some copies to hand out.我得复印一些副本以便分发。14. hold 举行解析：hold,动词，意为“举行”，过去式和过去分词为held,后可接名词、代词等作宾语。如：a We held a party to celebra
29、te our success.我们举行宴会庆祝我们的成功。拓展：hold作动词，还表示“拿着，抓住”。如：AThey held me so that I could not move.他们抓住了我，因此我不能动了。hold作动词，还表示“容纳，装得下”。如：AThis bus can hold about fifty people.这辆公共汽车大约能坐50人。hold作动词，还表示“（使）保持（特定状态或姿势等广。如：a Hold your breath under water.在水下要屏住呼吸。15. Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942.乐施会于 1942
30、年在英国成.解析：set up意为“建起，设立工后面直接跟宾语，但代词只能放在两词中间。如：aA new school will be set up in the mountain village一所新学校将在这个山村里被创办。辨析：set up 与 buildset up主要用于表示创建组织、机构、公司、学校等。如:set up a school创办一所学校build指具体建造或制作某物。如:build a school建一所学校16. A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops,including books.乐施会商店里卖许多物品，包括书。解析：inc
31、luding,介词，意为“包括，包含 后面直接跟宾语，含有补充说明之意。如：a Thirty passengers were hurt, including five children.30 名乘客受伤，包括 5 个孩子。拓展：including的动词为include,意为“包括，包含“，在句中作谓语，侧重指被包含着的是整体的一部分。如：a The book includes two chapters on grammar.这本书包含两章关于语法的内容。17. Passive voice 被动语态解析：英语中，动词的语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。若主语是动作的执行者（或
32、称为完成者、施行者），主谓之间为主动关系，谓语动词用主动语态;若主语是动作的承受者（或称为动作的对 象）,主谓之间为被动关系，谓语动词用被动语态。如：a Many people speak English.许多人讲英语。（主动语态）a English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人讲。（被动语态）被动语态的构成：被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be动词作为系动词时相同。变为一般疑问句时将be动词 提前，变为否定句时在be动词后加not。由于被动语态的主语是谓语动作的承受者，相当于主动语态的宾 语，因此只
33、有及物动词才有被动语态形式，不及物动词因为没有动作的承受对象，故无被动语态。被动语态的用法：a,不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者。如：AThe bridge was built 100 years ago,这座桥是100年前建造的。（不知道是谁建的）a Trees should be planted in spring.树木应该在春天被种植。（没必要说明是谁种植的）b.需要强调动作的承受者。若想指出动作的执行者，可用”by +动作的执行者”来表示。如：AThe patient was sent to hospital by them.那位病人被他们送往医院了。（强调承受者是病人）C.出于礼貌或
34、交际需要而不愿说出动作的执行者。如：a Mr Smith, you are wanted on the phone.史密斯先生，您的电话。d.因行文需要而不改变主语。如：a I went to his home last Sunday and was treated as an important guest.我上周日到他家去,受到了 贵客般的 款待。主动语态变为被动语态的方法：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，把宾格改为主格，把谓语动词变为被动结构（be +动词的过去分词）， 再把主动语态的主语放在介词by的后面作宾语，将主格变为宾格。如：a She saved the boy .主语谓语
35、 宾语a The boy was saved by her.主语 谓语 宾语18. Whats the matter?怎么 了 ？解析：matter,名词,意为“事情,问题”。固定句型Wha名the matter (with.)?意为“.怎么啦?”, 一般用于询 问某人身体是否不舒服、遇到了什么麻烦或东西是否坏了等情境，表示对某人或某事的关心。如：a Whats the matter with you?你怎么 了 ?I have got a toothache.我牙痛。拓展：Whats the matter with的同义句有Whats wrong with. ?”和“What happene
36、d to.? ”19. Open your mouth and let me have a check.张开你的嘴巴，让我检查一下。解析：check,名词,意为“检查”，固定短语have a check意为“检查”。如：a Let me take his temperature and have a check.让我给他量一卜体温，然后检查一下。拓展：check,动词，意为“检查;报到澄记”。如：a We are checking to see what*s wrong,我们正在查看出了什么问题。a He has just checked in at the hotel.他刚刚在旅馆登记人住。
37、20. Youll be all right in a few days.过几天你就会好的。解析：in a few days意为“几天后”Jin +一段时间”表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后，常用于将来时态，表 不“之后”q如：a We will have a sports meeting in two weeks. We are all excited about it.两周之后，我们将举行运动会。我们都对此很兴奋。辨析：“in+时间段”与“after+时间段”in+时间段表示“从现在算起的一段时间以后”，常用于一般将来时的句子中after+时间段表示以过去时间点为起点，“过去一段时间之后“，
38、常用于一般过去时的句子 中如：a Mr Zhang will come back from New York in three days.张老师将在三天后从纽约回来。a Jack started on Sunday and arrived in Shanghai after two days .杰克在周日出发，两天后到达 了 上海。21. They were making a lot of noise他们发出了许多噪音.解析：noise,名词，意为“噪音;喧闹声:指刺耳、尖锐的声音，有时指多种声音夹杂在一起，含有使人不愉快 之意。make a lot of noise意为”发出许多噪音”。如：
39、a Doni make a lot of noise in Class.课堂上不要发出许多噪音。22. She wanted to help poor people with eye problems see again, so she made up hermind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.她想帮助有眼疾的穷人重见光明，于是她决定接受 护士培训，并在下班后去上课。解析：make up ones mind意为“决定”，固定结构make up ones mind to do sth.意为”下定决心做某事”，相当于 d
40、ecide to do sth.或make a decision to do sth.o mind为名词，意为“头脑，精神,理智;意向，想法”。如：Alts better to make up your mind.你最好下定决心。aI have made up my mind to pass the exam.我已经下定决心要通过考试。单元话题微写作写作要求本单元的话题是“慈善活动”。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：1 ,能简单了解一些国际慈善活动,如慈善行走、募捐等；2 .能根据提示写一份有关国际慈善工作的报告；3 ,能熟练运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时；4 .能正确运用本单元所学
41、的词汇和句型。词汇积累especially特别;尤其spread传播;扩散afford买得起;能做develop发展;加强carry on with sth继续做某事all over the world/around the world 全世界an interview with sb对某人的一次采访medical treatment 医学治疗do operations 做手术on board在飞机（轮船、火车）上be proud to do sth做某事感到自豪set up创建;建立have a check 检查一下be afraid of doing sth 不敢做某事make up ones mind to do sth 下定决心做某事hold a charity show举办一场慈善演出get/be used to doing sth 习惯做某事