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1、考研外语考试题目及答案8一、Use of English1 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style, of their own. (1)the mm of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (2) of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3), or by whom. But it began to be(4) in the early 1890s. Jazz is America，s co
2、ntribution to (5)music. In contrast to classical music, which (6) formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, (7) the moods, interests, and emotions of the people: In the 1920s jazz (8)like America. And (9) it does today. The (10)of this music are as intere
3、sting as the music (11). American Negroes, or blacks,as they are called today, were the jazz (12). They were brought to the Southern states (13) slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15)a procession to carry the body to t
4、he cemetery. Tn New Orleans, a band, often accompanied the (16)On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17)onB.a beam of lightC. imageD. public attention6、 IQ stands for Intelligence Quotient, which is a measure of a person，s intelligence found by means
5、of an intelligence test. Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as information about a person, they must be compared with some standard, or norm. It is not enough simply to know that a boy of thirteen has scored, say, ninety marks in a particular test. To know whether he is clever, average
6、 or dull, his marks must be compared with the average achieved by boys of thirteen in that test.In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet, devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. He invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages t
7、hrough them. He found at what age each test was passed by the average child. For instance, he found that the average child of seven could count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could repeat the sentence: We are going to have a good time in the country. Binet arranged the various
8、 tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, forexample, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he has a mental age of nine.The conce
9、pt of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists, with the required standard, which enables him to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of a norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by the difference between the mental and the chronological age. Then t
10、he boy in the example given would be three years retarded”. Soon, however, the mental ratio was introduced, that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0. 75.The mental age was replaced by the intelligence
11、 quotient or ID. The IQ is the mental ratio multiplied by 100. For example, a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has an IQ of 75. Clearly, since the mental age of average child is equal to the chronological age, the average IQ is 100.Which of the following is not mentioned in relation toIQ?A. m
12、entalratioB. mentalageC.chronological ageD. date of birthWhich of the following is the closest in meaning to norm，（Para.D?A. standardB. markC. measureD. intelligenceTo judge a childs standard, his marks in a test must be compared with marks gained by A. others of the same ageB.the same child at diff
13、erent agesC. older aged childrenD.younger aged childrenBinet used a large number of children in his tests because he wanted to find outA. who was the brightB. who was the dullC. a normD. what a bright child isThe IQ isA. the mental age divided by the chronological age and multiplied by a hundredB. t
14、he mental age multiplied by the chronological age and divided by one hundredC. the chronological age divided by the mental age and multiplied by one hundredD. the average age divided by the mental age and multiplied by a hundred8、 If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it wou
15、ld probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of fo
16、rest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century, would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. Therewou
17、ld be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years.Any attempt to describe the cou
18、ntryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place, we have to examine the greater part of Europes 3, 750, 000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place, the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or
19、to stand still.In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were ther
20、efore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically and al so to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never
21、 been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship.Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity
22、that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it.By 1350, when compared with three hundred years earlier, Europeans had, according to the passage,A. made severa
23、l geographical discoveriesB. cut down more trees and expanded the fanningC. made their territory JlargerD. dug more canals to water the landExpansion in Europe between 1350 and 1450A. was less than in the three hundred years up to 1350B. was considerableC. continued at roughly the same rate as befor
24、eD. was more than that from 1000 to 1350It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period under consideration, partly because the inhabitantsA. often did not fit the conformity of their societyB. sometimes changed their system of lifeC. move around too much for us to study properlyD.left
25、 no documentsThe tenant of the large estates is toA. leave their land and settle in the townB. treat their tenants badlyC. write down information about their landsD. work on the land by themselvesSome landlords made agreements comparatively favourable to farmers in that they wanted to A. pay more re
26、ntB. farm new landC.be feudalizedD. work harder16 “There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,z， says sociologist Lary Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parent
27、s. There is a major shift in the middle class,declaressociologist Allasn Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and i
28、ts pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that ma
29、ny students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. His mother agreed, Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money fo
30、r rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.，z But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has b
31、een home three timesand left three times. ，zWhat I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem, z，she explains. He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet themat friends* houses.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on?
32、 Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.，z And aging parents, who should be enjoying, some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities.
33、 Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.According to the text, there was once a trend in the U. S.A. for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsB. for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyC. for married young adults to move back home after a le
34、ngthy absenceD. for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parentsWhich of the following is not the reason for young adults returning to the nest?A. Young adults find housing costs too highB. Quite a number of young adults attend local schoolsC. Young adults seek parental comfor
35、t and moral supportD. Young adults are psychologically and intellectually immatureOne of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is thatA. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsB. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC. there
36、will inevitably be inconveniences in everyday lifeD. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parentsAccording to the text what is the best for both parents and children?A. They should adjust themselves to sharing the family expensesB. Children should leave their parents when they a
37、re grown upC. Adult children should visit their parents from time to timeD. Parents should support their adult chiIdren when they are in troubleBy saying that And aging parents. . . find themselves stuck withthe way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18), but the
38、living were glad to be alive. The band played (19) music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20) at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form, of jazz.A. AtB. InC. ByD. On2、A. musicB. songC. melodyD. style3、(3)A. discoveredB. actedC. designed
39、D. invented4、(4)A. noticedresponsibilities” (Para. 4), the author means thatA. Parents have some financial and personal freedomB. Children have not any financial and personal freed6nlC. Parents have to continue supporting their childrenD. Children have responsibilities to support their parents 21 Pa
40、rt B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B、C、D、E F、G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)The acronym DINKdouble inc
41、ome, no kidsoriginated in the US in the 1960s. (41). This choice was not irrational. After all, nowadays retired people can live on their pensions and savings, so they are no longer compelled to depend on their offspring in old age. And a child is undeniably an expensive proposition: so much time an
42、d money are required. Why bother having one? It is hard to condemn those who opt out of parenthood. And in China their decisions are perfectly in keeping with the drive to limit population growth.(42). A baby enters the world with a mind like blank paper, and gradually he or she acquires the ability
43、 to think, to talkand finally to communicate easily. Isnt there something magical about it? When you see the process happening before your very eyes, you feel a happiness like no other.A Chinese DINK said to me recently, If you didn，t have three children, you could go to a bar or the cinema with you
44、r wife on weekends-how unrestrained and romantic that would be!, But I would say that no matter how wonderful Hollywood films or Broadway performances are, watching them is far less interesting than seeing my extrovert of a daughter sing and dance. If its true that there are rewards to be gotten fro
45、m having children, then surely the happiness of seeing them grow up is the greatest. (43).But this is a happiness that can be felt only after you become a parent; there，s no appreciating it otherwise. However, who begets a child out of curiosity to see him or hex grow up? None of my friends had this
46、 in mind when they or their wife got pregnant. For some the pregnancy was unexpected. (44). And some said that having a child can bring stability to a troubled marriagebut is that really true? I myself didn，t give it much thought. I just assumed it was the natural thing to do, and since my wife enjo
47、yed big, cheerful, lively families, we went ahead end had three kids. No regrets.I know my words won t change any minds. (45). No, raising a child is not easy. The happiness of seeing a child grow, in contrast, is largely in the mind of the parents, end other people cannot so readily perceive it. Li
48、ttle wonder, then, that so many people without children believe parenthood is all work end no fun.A. What DINKs say is obviously true: children really do require lots of parental energy and money. Just watch a mother bring a sick child to a hospital; you can see the tension, the worry, and all the self-control it takes to seem calm and reassuring.B. Another Chinese friend of mine complained: T provided the funds for my child to go to collage and then off to America for a masters degree, but so far 1 haven，t gotten any rewards out of playing parent”. To him I would say that the rewards were th