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1、考研外语考试题目及答案6一、Use of English1 Sometimes we have specific problems with our mother; sometimes, life with her can just be hard work. If there are difficulties in your (1), its best to deal with them, (2) remember that any (3) should be done (4)person or by letter. The telephone is not a good (5) becau
2、se it is too easy (6) either side to (7) theconversation.Explain to her (8)you find difficult in your relationship and then (9) some new arrangements that you think would establish a (10) balance between you. Sometimes we hold (11)from establishing such boundaries because we areafraid that doing (12
3、) implies we are (13)her. We need to remember that being (14)from our mother does not (15)mean that we no longer love her. If the conflict is (16)and you cannot find a way to (17) it, you might decide to give up your relationship with your mother for a while. Some of my patients had (18)trial separa
4、tions”. The (19) allowed things to simmer down, enabling (20) .dedicated an epic to his beloved queen.In between seeking western aid and coping with power cuts, modern Georgia has pledged to keep a wary eye on every place where churches, inscriptions and frescoes testify to its golden age. That incl
5、udes Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and above all, Israel. Last year, Georgians were enraged when a fresco of Rustaveli, in a Jerusalem church under the care of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, was defaced, then badly restored. This year, a better restoration was done, but Georgians now want a pr
6、omise that in all future restoration their own experts can take part. They also want to stop the seepage of Georgian frescoes and icons, supposedly under the Patriarchates care, on to the art market. Several times, Georgia has had to use its meagre resources to buy back pieces of the national herita
7、ge. The hope is that things will improve with the recent election of a new Jerusalem Patriarch, after his predecessor was ousted under a cloud of scandal.Georgia，s ties with Israel are good, thanks to a thriving Georgian-Jewish community with happy memories of its homeland. Georgia also gets along w
8、ith Greece, amid a fug of sentimentality over legends about the Argonauts that link the two nations. But can these warm, fuzzy feelings translate intobetter protection for an ancient culture? That will be a challenge for Geld Bezhuashvili, who succeeds Salome Zourabichvil i, the French-born diplomat
9、 who was sacked, after a power struggle, as Georgian foreign minister on October 19th.The word tricky in the first paragraph of the text denotes*A.deceptiveB.craftyC. toughD. tacitAccording to the text, Georgia used to be influential inA.religionB.agronomyC. medicineD.horticultureRomania is mentione
10、d in the text to .A. illustrate a fresco of RustaveliB. demonstrate the western aid Georgia obtainedC. indicate Georgias golden ageD.specify the scope of Georgia，s lookoutIt can be inferred from the text that the prospect of Georgia5 s heritage protection .A. is to be a power struggleB. is liable to
11、 become betterC. is to be a cloud of scandalD. is likely to become active and respected10、The author，s attitude toward the transformation mentioned in the last paragraph is .A.affirmativeB.criticalC.negativeD.cautious11 、 Fear seems to be the dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, flo
12、ods, earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suffering, but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. That migrating flock visible
13、 On the horizon at sunset, once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people.Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling
14、 to respond to the threat posed by avian influenza. After confirmation this week that the H5N1 strain of bird flu, which has been spreading quickly in Asia, had been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened an emergency meeting. President George Bush, still
15、 smarting from a torrent of criticism of his governments clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina, has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which have been stalled for years. Countries around the world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug
16、, Tamifln, which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisation is calling for an internationally coordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take.Is any of this effor
17、t justified? Or are politicians simply, helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may nevermaterialize and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To ask these questions is not to counsel complacency, but to apply the kind
18、 of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning, not least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, an overreaction is all too possible.It can be inferred from
19、 the first paragraph that .A.strong resentment resulted from the lack of preparations to cope with recent disastersB. the dominant mood of the moment resulted in the appalling scenes of devastationC.tens of millions of people could carry the virus on the horizonD. reminder of the eternal rhythms of
20、nature emerged at sunset to avoid these disastersAccording to the text, American emergency plans for coping with an outbreak of pandemic flu .A. have been stipulatedB. have been enactedC. have been abolishedD. have been delayedWhich of the following remarks on our available antiviral medication woul
21、d the author make?A. Effective but poisonous.B. Harmful but populous.C. Meager and not reliable.D. Affordable and palatable.The phrase not least in the last but one sentence of the text means .A. at mostB.not at allC. marginallyD. particularlyIt can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text th
22、atA. strong and intense response derive from the mass mediaB. the attempts to be made can no longer be justified by their intentionC. public panic would be diluted by politicians， promiseD. the only remedy is to spend lavishly against a threat16 The idea is as audacious as it altruistic: provide a p
23、ersonal laptop computer to every school chi Id一particularly in the poorest parts of the world. The first step to making that happen is whittling the price down to $100. And that is the goal of a group of American techno-gurus led by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of the fabled MIT Media Lab. When
24、he unveiled the idea at the World Economic Forum in January it seemed wildly ambitious. But surprisingly, it is starting to become a reality. Mr. Negroponte plans to display the first prototype in November at a UN summit. Four countriesBrazil, Egypt, Thailand and South Africa-have said they will buy
25、 over I m units each. Production is due to start in late 2022.How is the group, called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), able to create a laptop so inexpensively? It is mainly a matter of cleverly combining existing technologies in new ways. The laptop will have a basic processor made by AMD, flash memor
26、y instead of a hard disk, will be powered by batteries or a hand-crank, and will run open-source software. The $100 laptop also puts all the components behind the screen, not under the keyboard, so there is no need for an expensive hinge. So far, OLPC has got the price down to around $130.But good n
27、ews for the world，s poor, may not be such great news for the worlds computer manufacturers. The new machine is not simply of interest in the developing world. On September 22nd, Mitt Romney, the governor of Massachusetts, said the state should purchase one for every secondary-school student, when th
28、ey become available.Sales to schools are just one way in which the $100 laptop could change the computer industry more broadly. By depressing prices and fuelling the trend for good-enough computing”, where customers upgrade less often, it could eventually put pressure on the worlds biggest PC-makers
29、.According to the text, which of the following is beyond the public* s anticipation?A. The idea of cheap trick is starting to come true.B. OLPC is able to create so inexpensive laptops.C. Every secondary-school student will purchase a $100 laptop.D.Sales to schools are just one way to display the fi
30、rst prototype.The creation Of the cheap laptop mentioned in the text reliesA. hi-tech innovation by experienced scientistsB.novel means of combinationC. basic processors manufactured by AMDD. the state-of-art facilities and equipmentIt can be inferred from the text that.A.South Africa has claimed th
31、at it will purchase over one million unitsB.the idea is as audacious as it altruisticC. the flash memory will be supplanted by a hard diskD. the desired price of the laptop has not been reached yetMitt Romney is mentioned in the text so as to .A.evidence the cause for the disappointment of the inter
32、national computer makers in the goal of OLPCB. illustrate good news for the worlds poorC. appeal the worlds computer manufacturersD. analyse the psychological reaction to the cheap trick advanced by OLPCBased on the last paragraph, which of the following is true?A.Every secondary-school student will
33、 be granted a $100 laptop in no time.B. A $100 laptop for the poor could affect the computer industry.C. The computer industry could be changed within a restricted range.D. The worlds biggest PC-makers could be exempted from pressure.17、 Part B (10 points)In the following article, some sentences hav
34、e been removed. For Questions 41一45, choose the most suitable one from the list A一G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and
35、the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.(41) . Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man i
36、s apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discoveredA. relationshipB.emissionC.emulationD. interpretation2、A. andB. butC. thusD. or
37、3、(3)A.contradictionB.estimationC.confrontationD. immersion4、(4)A. byB. forC. toD. in5、A. innovationB. manoeuvrethat speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show
38、in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. (42).Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in t
39、he regions where it could be successfully practiced. (43) .(44) .These inventions and discoveries-fire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing-made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than tw
40、o hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At f
41、irst it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it coveredmuch the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. (45) .Notes:ape猿。pastoral nomad田园式的游牧部落的
42、人。the Euphrates幼 发拉底河。the Tigris底格里斯河。the Indus印度河。in question 所谈的(在名词后作后置定语)。A. Probably picture language and. oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.B. Another fundamental technical advance was
43、writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.C. With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived i
44、n caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another.D. The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.E. In fact, there was progress-there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariner，sc
45、ompass一but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.F. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricult
46、ural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.G. But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.22、 (42)23、 (43)24、 (44)25、 (45)26、 Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and the
47、n translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) (46) A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards ,directecT or ,programmed research; i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations ratherth
48、an researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. (47)Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for invest