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1、考研外语考试题目及答案18一、Use of English1 Its all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that 1 evening you re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, 2 are throwing the books at kids. 3 elementary school students are complaining of homewo
2、rk 4 Whats a well-meaning parent to do?As hard as 5 may he, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though youve got to get them to do it, 6 helping too much, or even examining 7 too carefully, you may keep them 8 doing it by themselves. I wouldnt advise a parent to check every 9 assignment, says psycho
3、logist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. Theres a 10 of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children 11 the grade they deserve. Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 12 . But you dont want them to feel
4、 it has to be 【13】， she says.Thats not to say parents should 14 homework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kids 15. Thirty minutesexperiment.C. A more accurate number can be put on the mass of neutrinos based on this experiment.D.The result of the experiment contradicts that in 1998
5、.5、Which one of the following statements is true about axion?A. It is known for sure to exist although not enough evidence is available.B. It is another possible constituent of dark matter.C. The search for hypothetical particle has failed so far.D. If successful, experiment will prove it to be the
6、sole form, of dark matter.6、Love is probably the best antidepressant there is because one of the most common sources of depression is feeling unloved. Most depressed people dont love themselves and they do not feel loved by others. They also are very self-focused, making them less attractive to othe
7、rs and depriving them of opportunities to learn the skills of love. There is a mythology in our culture that love just happens. As a result, the depressed often sit around passively waiting for someone to love them. But love doesnt work that way. To get love and keep love you have to go out and be a
8、ctive and learn a variety of specific skills.Most of us get our ideas of love from popular culture. We come to believe that love is something that sweeps us off our feet.But the pop-culture ideal of love consists of unrealistic images created for entertainment, which is one reason so many of us are
9、set up to be depressed. Its part of our national vulnerability, like eating junk food, constantly stimulated by images of instant gratification. We think it is love when its simply distraction and infatuation. One consequence is that when we hit real love we become upset and disappointed because the
10、re are many things that do not fit the cultural ideal.Limerance is the psychological state of deep infatuation. It feels good but rarely lasts. Limerance is that first stage of mad attraction whereby all the hormones are flowing and things feel so right. Limerance lasts, on average, six months. It c
11、an progress to love. Love mostly starts out as limerance, but limerance doesnt always evolve into love.Love is a learned skill, not something that comes from hormones or emotion particularly. Erich Fromm called it an act of will. If you dont learn the skills of love you virtually guarantee that you
12、will be depressed, not only because you will not be connected enough, but because you will have many failure experiences.There are always core differences between two people, no matter how good or close you are, and if the relationship is going right those differences surface. The issue then is to i
13、dentify the differences and negotiate them so that they dont distance you or kill the relationship. You do that by understanding where the other person is coming from, who that person is, and by being able to represent yourself. When the differences are known you must be able to negotiate and compro
14、mise on them until you find a common ground that works for both.The mythology that love just happens means that.A.love will come as you are waiting for itB. it is rare that one can find real loveC.people always actively seek loveD.giving and getting is just in loveAccording to the passage, why are w
15、e still upset and disappointed when love comes?A.We think it is not real love.7、 We find love is actually very unrealistic.8、 We become more vulnerable in love.D.We find it is different from the ideal love concept in our mind.8、Which one of the following statements is true about the relationship bet
16、ween limerance and love?1、 Limerance lasts for a long time while love does not.8、 Limerance is so different that it can never become real love.C.Limerance is usually the starting point of love.D.Love is real while limerance is not.Erich Fromm called love an act of will because.A.you have to wait to
17、get loveB.love is something you can get when you wantC.love is a skill you have to learnD. you can only get love after many failuresWhat is the suggestion given by the author in this passage about the core differences between two people?A.To find out the differences and talk about them.B. To avoid t
18、alking about the differences.C. To change differences into similarities.D.To pretend that differences do not exist.11 Major life changes may play a role in as many as a quarter of chronic daily headache cases that arise among otherwisehealthy adult men and women, study findings suggest. Major life e
19、vents may precipitate or co-occur with the development of chronic daily headaches, /z Dr. Ann I. Scher said. Major life changes literally shake up our world, and invite or pressure us to interact with life in new ways. To grow, we need to change our belief systems to allow for new levels of thinking
20、 and performance.Scher, of Uniformed Services University, in Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues assessed re ports of major life changes among 206 men and women who met criteria for chronic daily headache (180 or more headache days per year). They assessed similar reports from 507 men and women with
21、episodic headache (2 to 104 headache days per year).The investigators assessed changes in work, marital status, childrens status, or residence; as well as deaths of family or close friends. They also inquired about self-defined “extremely stressful situations, z/ such as financial problems, an ongoi
22、ng individual illness or that of a family member, or an ongoing abusive relationship. Compared with men and women with episodic headache, men and women with chronic daily headache were more likely to have experienced major life events in the 2-year period prior to the onset of their headacheconditio
23、n, the researchers report in the medical journalCephalalgia.The strongest predictor of chronic daily headache was an ongoing extremely stressful situation. The researchers also noted a higher proportion of chronic daily headache among people 40 years and older. In this group, a change in work status
24、 was related to increased risk for chronic daily headache, while in contrast, those younger than 40 years showed a decreased risk for chronic daily headache after a job change, Scher told Reuters Health.These findings are generally consistent with prior research related to other chronic pain conditi
25、ons, the investigators note. 0ur finding that the relationship may be stronger for those older than 40 was an interesting, but secondary, finding that should be replicated in other samples, Scher said.What does the word precipitate most probably mean?A.To cause something to happen.B.To prevent somet
26、hing from happening.C.To predict something to happen.D.To prepare for something to happen.12、From the passage, we know that chronic daily headache refersto.A. lasting experience of headache over the yearB.headache experienced for more than 30 days per yearC. headache that cause serious psychological
27、 problemsD. headache related to work issuesWhat is the most important difference between those with chronic daily headache and with episodic headache?A. The former ones are usually single while the later married.B. The former ones usually experienced some pretty huge changes in life.C. The former on
28、es usually live in cities while the later in rural areas.D. The former ones are usually working while the later unemployed.What is the most important element to predict chronic daily headache?A. The experience of severe pressure.B. An age of over 40 years old.C. Too many job changes in the past.D. T
29、he problems related to children.15、From the passage, we know that the findings in this passage previous ones.A.confirmB.contradict withC.cast doubt onD.are exactly the same with16 Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most
30、of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform, of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she pl
31、otted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively measured and subjected
32、to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics.Florence Nightingales two greatest lifeachievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform. of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend univer
33、sities or pursue professional careers. It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathem
34、atics.During Nightingales time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingales calculations of the death rate showed that with an improvement of sanitary methods, deaths w
35、ould decrease. In February, 1855, the death rate at the hospital was 42. 7 percent of the cases treated. When Nightingales sanitary reform, was implemented, the death rate declined. Nightingale took her statistical data and represented them graphically.As Nightingale demonstrated, statistics provide
36、d an organized way of learning and lead to improvements in medical and surgical practices. She also developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form, for hospitals to collect and generate consistent data and statistics. She became a Fellow of the Royal StatisticalSociety in 1858 and an honorary member of
37、 the AmericanStatistical Association in 1874. Karl Pearson acknowledged Nightingale as a prophetess in the development of applied statistics.What does the word sanitation mean in the passage?A. Medication.B. Cleanness.C. Nursing.D. ReformsWhat does this passage talk about Nightingale?A. As a pioneer
38、 of nursing.B. As a reformer of hospital sanitation methods.C. As a successful woman.D.As a innovator of statistical analysis in hospitals.What can be inferred about the women living in the same era as Nightingale?A.They chose to stay at home after graduating from colleges and universities.B.They te
39、nded to choose courses in Italian, Latin, Greek, history and so on.a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 16 four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be 17 more than an hour and a half, and two for high school students. If your child 18 has more
40、homework than this, you may want to check 19 other parents and then talk to the teacher about 20 assignments.A. veryB. exactC. rightD. usual2、(2)A.officialsB.parentsC. expertsD.schools3、A. AlsoB. EvenC. ThenD. However4、(4)C.They seldom chose mathematics as their course.D. They did not have a equal e
41、ducation opportunities with men as they do today.Where did Nightingale prove her method could really reduce the death rates?A. Scutari.B.Victorian.C. Crimean.D.Royal Statistical Society.What does the author try to prove in this passage?A. Women can be as successful as men.B. Education plays a vital
42、role in one s success.C. Mathematics could be used to improve medical practices.D. A career in medical field is also available for women.19、 Part B (10 points)_A Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, and their simultaneous impact upon many groups of
43、 people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with astartling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were ab
44、out to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.8 Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The case for academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental nec
45、essity for economic and social progress in the world, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold
46、._C Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and
47、 students._D But as the specializations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complexproblems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent
48、 advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences._E Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas