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1、高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unitl-2【短语归类】【考 点1含difference的短语 make a/no/some,etc.difference（to sb/sth）（对某人/某事物有/没有/有些关系（影响）make a difference between 区别对待 make some difference to 对.有些（没有）关系 have a difference in character 在性格上有差别H列句It makes no difference tO me which sidemay loseor w in.谁输准赢对我没有什么关系。She makes a di
2、fference between her family andherwork.她对工作和家庭是有区别的。【考例 1 】Im afraid to tell you that the medicinewi l l no difference to your illness o so stoptaking it.A.take B.makeC.get D.do 考查目标此题主要考查difference的动词搭配问题。答案与解析B make a difference是固定搭配。此时不可用其他动词。13.draw(ones)attention to sth.对.表示注思.The manager drew
3、my attention to an error inmyreport.经理要我注意报告中的一个错误。拓展pay attention to 注意call ones attention to sth.叫某人注意某事turn attention to sth.转移注意力到.【考点2】与fire有关的短语 be on fire在燃烧 set fire to sth=set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧 catch fire 着火 make a fire生火 light a fire 点火 put out a fire 灭火 play with fire玩火；冒险 be on fire fo
4、r因.而激动；充满激情 be full of fire充满激情 under fire受到攻击 例句The students are on fire for what theyrelearning in the computer class.学生对电脑课的学习内容充满激情。The boy is full of fire.这孩子充满热情。The grass caught fire,and the grass was on fire forashort tim e.草燃着了，草烧了一会儿。He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火者必自焚（谚语）。辨析：be on f
5、ire表示状态。而 catch fire则表示动作-其完成时不可和段时间状语连用。【考例 21（2004 全国卷 n）The forest guards oftenfindcampfires that have not been completely.A.turned down B.put outC.put away D.turned over 考查目标此题主要考查动词短语辨义。答案与解析 B turn down是“调低。拒绝”的意思；putout是“熄灭，生产，伸出”的意思；put away是“收拾”的意思；turn over是 翻过来”的意思。14.look up to 尊敬;钦佩He h
6、as always looked up to his father.In hiseyes he isperfect.他一直尊敬他父亲。在他的眼中，他是完美的。拓展look down on/upon sb.轻视、瞧不起某人【考点5后 有t o的动词短语 lead to通向；导致 look up to尊敬 stick t o坚持 get used t o习惯于 look forward t o渴望；盼望 get down to认真做某事 see to注意；着手办理 pay attention to 注意 devote.to致力于；投身于 belong to属于 attend to照顾；照料 obj
7、ect to反对 be opposed to 反对 refer to提到；参阅 contribute to对.有贡献 come to谈到；涉及 adjust to适合于 例句The bridge leads to the island.这座桥通向那个岛。So many spelling mistakes in the article led to greatdifficulty in reading.该篇文章拼写错误太多，令人看起来非常费劲。Hes such a devoted teacher that we all look up tohim.他是一个有奉献精神的老师，我们都尊敬他。He h
8、as never felt looked up to.他从没有觉得有人尊敬他。The day they had been looking forward to came atlast.他们渴望的那一天终于到来。The final examination is coming up soon.Its timefor us to get down to our studies.期末考试就要来了。是我们认真学习的时候了。This machine is out of order;get a mechanic to seeto it.这台机器坏了；找个技工来检修一下。友情提示：以上短语中的to是介词.后接
9、名词或动名词。【考例 5】（2004 湖北）Once a decision has beenmade,allof us should it.A.direct to B.stick toC.lead to D.refer to 考查目标此题主要考查动词短语辨析。答案与解析B direct本身是及物动词。后不需too referto的意思是“涉及，参 阅.指 的 是 。【考点3】与turn有关的短语 turn o u t生产；结果是 turn dow n关小（灯光、音量等）；拒绝 turn t o转向；求助于 turn u p开大（灯光、音量等）；出现，露面 turn on/o f f打开/关上
10、turn asid e闪开；放在一边 turn over（使）翻转；把某人交给（警方等）turn i n上缴；移交 turn against 背叛 turn away（from）转过脸不看 turn round 转过去 例句She turned out six full-length novels in herlife.她一生写了 6部长篇小说。The beggar turned out（to be）a th ie f.那个乞丐原来是个贼。That radio is pretty loud.Can you turn it down alittle?收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗？Many bo
11、ys expressed their love to Mary,but sheturned them all down.许多男孩向玛丽表达爱慕之意，但都被她拒绝了。After he left the university he became a teacher,butlater he turned to translation.他大学毕业后当了教师，但后来转而从事翻译工作。We often turn to this handbook for information.我们经常查阅这本手册寻找资料。He promised to come,but hasnt turned up yet.他答应来，但
12、尚未到。When he felt tired,he turned aside(from)his booksto listen to the radio.感到疲劳时，他就把书放在一边去听收音机。友情提示：要准确记住不同的搭配，尤其是一个短语有多个意思的。【考例 3 (2004 浙江)We wanted to get homebefore dark,but it didnt quite as planned.A.make out B.turn outC.go on D.come up 考查目标此题主要考查动词短语的辨义。答案与解析 B make o u t有“弄清楚。明白”的惠思；turnout的
13、意思是“结果是.证明是；go o n 的意思是“继续！come u p 的意思是“过来，走来”。题意是：我们原来想在天黑前到家,但结果并不像预计的那样。【考点4】what短语 what i f 如果.将会怎样？what fo r为了什么，干什么用 what about.怎么样？例句 What if she finds out youve lost her book?如果她发现你弄丢了她的书将会是怎样呢？What did you do that for?你干吗做那件事？What about having a rest?休息一会儿怎么样？【考例4】（2004全国卷I）Susan,will you
14、please go and empty thatdrawer?_ _ _?A.What for B.What is itC.How is it D.How come 考查目标此题主要考查交际用语。答案与解析 A 根据语境。答语中问的是目的。该句其实是个省略句，补全后的完整句子是：I goand empty that drawer for whato what 提前构成疑问句就成了 what for 或 for whato词语比较1.observe,watch当“观察”来讲时，observe相 当 于 watchcarefully,尤其用于实验或研究等场合。具体来说，observe含有“察觉到
15、的意思，watch意为“盯着看”。watch还 含 有“观看（比赛、电视）”等，而observe没有此意。另外，watch还有 照料 之意，相当于take care of。还有“当心”之意，相当于 be careful with。She has observed the stars all her life.她一生都在观察星星。Ill watch the baby while you are away.你不在时，由我照料你女儿。Youd better watch Mr Smith,I think he is athief.你最好当心史密斯先生，我想他是个贼。2.be known for,be
16、known as,be known tobe known fo r以.出了名（通常不是指同位的关系）be known a s 作为.出了名（通常加上职业名词，表同位关系）be known to 为.所知Japan is known for its cars.日本以它的汽车而闻名。Luxun is known as a writer.鲁迅作为作家很出名。As is known to all,China has four famousinvitations.众所周知，中国有四大著名的发明。3.elect,select,chooseelect只能用于选举人，是投票选举的正式用语。They elect
17、ed Nixon President.他们选尼克松为总统。choose可用于挑选人或物。Its hard for me to choose one from sO manypairs of shoes.要从这么多双鞋子当中挑选一双对我来说真是太难了。select意为精心挑选，多用于物。She selected a pair of socks to match her suit.他精心挑选了一双袜子来与衣服搭配。4.bum down,burn up,burn outbum down指 烧为平地，烧毁”；也指“火力减弱”。The house was burnt down in an hour.房子
18、一小时被烧为平地。bum u p有“烧旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。Youd better put more wood on the fire to makeit bum up.你最好往火上添着柴，让它烧旺。bum o u t指 火熄灭”。The fire had burnt out before I returned.在我回来前，火已经熄灭了。精典题例()1.The news reporters hurried to the airport,only the film stars had left.(2004 福建)A.to tell B.be toldC.telling D.told【解析】
19、选B该题考查不定式做结果状语的用法。不定式前有only,just等词，后跟不定式通常表结果。又因为记者们应该是被告知，所以用不定式的被动式。()2.Having been in bed for nearly a month,theyhad a hard time the exam.(2004 福建)A.pass B.to passC.passed D.passing【解析】选D 该题考查句型have a hardtime(in)doingo()3.He hasnt slept at all for three d a y s.h eis tired out.(2005 湖 J匕)A.There
20、 is no point B.There is no needC.It is no wonder D.It is no way【解析】选C 依题意“他三天没睡，难怪他累极了。“There is no point in doing sth.是本单元的句型，意为：做某事没有作用或意义；而 There is no need in doing sth.没有必要做某事；It is no wonder没什么大惊小怪；It is no way没可能。()4.The disc digitally in the studiosounded fantastic at the party that night.(2
21、004 上海)A.recorded B.recordingC.to be recorded D.having recorded【解析】选A 通过分析句子，该题句子的谓语显然是sounded,因此recorded只能是非谓语，所以选A,考查过去分词在句中做定语的用法，recorded 相当于 which was recordedo()5.I know the money is safe,I shall notworry about it.(2003 北京)A.Even though B.UnlessC.As long as D.While【解析】选 C句意为“只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心。
22、even though“即使”；unless“除非 ；while 当时候”，它们都同句意不吻合。()6.We were swimming in the lakesuddenly the stoma started.(2004 北京春季)A.when B.whileC.until D.before【解析】选 A 该题考查连词的用法。该句的意思是：当我们正在湖里游泳的时候，突然暴风雨开始了。when表 示“这时(突然)”的意思，这种用法when 一般放句末。()7.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent sincethe start of the year,a re
23、cord US$57.65 abarrel on April 4.（2005 山东）A.have reached B.reachingC.to reach D.to be reaching【解析】选B分词在句中做结果状语，可参见本单元的句型6。()8.the pot for me,and dont let the milkcome out.Ill be back soon.A.Observe B.NoticeC.Watch D.Look out【解析】选C watch表示集中精力“照料，监视”，本句意为“帮我看着壶，别让牛奶溢出来。；observe意 为“观察”，表示动作；Notice指“注意
24、到”表示结果；look out后面不能接宾语。高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit3-4【短语归类】【考点3】含a s的动词短语 experience.as=consider.as=look upon/on as=treat.as把.认为是 act a s担任；起.的作用 serve a s当，充当 work a s当，充当 use.as把.用作.例句The theory is experienced as very advanced.这个理论被认为是非常高深的.He acted as chairman in my absence.我不在时他担任主席。He serves as a wai
25、ter in a restaurant.他在一家餐馆里当服务员。【考例 3 Classroom testing,if well down,mostcertainly as a stimulus（刺激）to study andreal learning.A.uses B.looksC.acts D.does 考查目标此题主要考查短语动词的辨义问题。答案与解析C弄清题意。准确地判断空白处的意义。题意是：课堂测试，如果做得好的话，一定会对学习和真正的学习有刺激作用。也就是说，课堂测试可以充当刺激。A项应该使用被动态，B、D两项则不能和a s构成搭配。2.call u p打电话，唤醒，使人想起The
26、sound of seagulls called up his happymemories of his childhood.海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。Please call me up at five.请五点叫醒我（或：五点打电话给我）已学与call常见的搭配还有：call off（取消，挂断电话）call at/on（拜访某地/某人）call for（要求，来找某人）call in（召集，召来）【考点4】含come into的动词短语 come into being 形成；产生 come into effect/force开始实施；生效 come into use/service
27、 开始使用 come into power开始执政；上台 come into view/sight 进入视线 come into fashion开始流行 例句Romanticism didnt come into being until inthe late 18 century in Europe.浪漫主义运动直到18世纪未期才产生于欧洲。The new seat-belt regulations came into effect lastweek.使用安全带的新规定于上周生效。【考例 4】The church gate came into as werounded the next cor
28、ner.A.being B.serviceC.effect D.view 考查目标此题主要考查动词搭配问题。答案与解析 D 题意：我们又拐了一个弯时，教堂的大门映入了我们的眼帘。4.go against违反，违背（意愿、原则等）;对.不利（无被动形式）Im not to go against my own family.我不会背离我自己的家人的。He was afraid that the hattie would go againstthem.他害怕那场战斗会对他们不利。6.keep out（of）挡住，不让进He closed the window tO keep the wind out
29、（ofthe house）.他关上窗户不让风进来（进房子）。The sign says Keep out!牌子上写着：“请勿入内!”类似用法：keep o ff别碰，避开Youd better keep off the sweet food.你最好少吃甜食。Keep offthe grass!请勿践踏草地！【考 点1】含look的短语 look a t看待；考虑；检查 look around/about 环顾 look u p查阅；仰视 look into调查 look o n旁观 look back o n回顾，回想 look down upon/o n看不起;鄙视 look over翻阅；
30、复习；检查 look t o照顾；注意 look up t o尊敬 look forward t o盼望；预计会有 look out fo r提防；当心 look on/upon.as.把.看作.look lik e看上去像 look fo r寻找 look sb.up and dow n上下打量某人 look after照看；照料 look ahead向前看 look o u t小心：看外面 look through浏览;检查 例句Thats the way I look at it.那就是我看待这事的方式。When all the facts have been looked up,pas
31、s themon to m e.所有事实查出后，转交给我。The police are looking into the records of all thoseinvolved in the crime.警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪的记录。Looking back on it,one realizes that it was far frombeing a satisfactory conference.回顾过去，人们会意识到那不是一次成功的会议。【考例 1 In order to get a better solution.I thinkwed better the question fr
32、om all sides.A.look out B.look upC.look for D.look at 考查目标此题主要考查短语动词的搭配问题。答案与解析D不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的意义。lookout查处，找出；当心，注意。lookfo r寻找。7.send fo r派人请，叫人拿We sent for the document this morning.我们今天上午派人去取这份文件。Will somebody go and get Dr.White?有人去请怀特医生了吗？Hes already been sent for.已经派人去了。与 send的常见搭配有：send off（发
33、出）send up（发射）send out（发出）等。8.set aside把.放在一边；留出He set aside his book and lit a cigarette.他把书放在一边，点燃一支香烟。Each month she tried to set aside part of hersalary.每月他都设法留出工资的一部分。aside其他常见用法还有：stand aside（靠边站）move aside（移到旁边）put sth.aside for sb.（把某物留给某人）【考点2】含 u p 的动词短语 call u p 召唤；调动；使人想起；打电话给 light u p 照
34、亮；变得高兴起来 fill u p 填写；盛满 take u p 占用；拿起；从事 pick u p 拾起；接送；听到；学会 例句Your letter calls up the days when weworked together in the countryside 20 years ago.你的信使人想起20年前我们在一起工作的日子。Sues face lighted up when she heard the good news.听到这个好消息时，苏流露出愉快的面容。The room soon filled up with people.房间里不久就挤满了人。Shes taken u
35、p flower-decoration at evening classes.她在夜校学习插花。【考例 2 It has been raining harder and harder forquite a few days.The village seemed to be indanger of being flooded.Mr Smith decided toall the youngmen in the village to strengthen theriver bank.A.call in B.call upC.call at D.call for 考查目标此题主要考查动词辨义问题。答
36、案与解析 B call i n 召进，请进。call at(aplace)访问(某地)。call/or需要,去接。【考点5】副词短语 far from 完全不.远不 next t o 儿乎；仅次于 in a hurry匆忙;很快地 例句 The problem is far from(being)easy.这个问题完全不容易。Papering the ceiling proved next to impossiblewithout aladder.用纸糊天花板没有梯子儿乎是不可能的。She dressed herself in a hurry.她匆匆地穿上衣服。友情提示：far from 后可
37、接名词、形容词，或being+形容词/名词。next to 后常接一些否定I司。【考例 5 Im terribly sorry to tell you that yourwork is far f r o m.A.satisfying B.a satisfactionC.being satisfactory D.to satisfy 考查目标此题主要考查far from 的用法。答案与解析 C satisfaction是不可教名词，前不可使用a。from后不可接不定式。satisfying虽然 意 思 与 satisfactory相 同，但 常 使 用satisfactory，其 中 bein
38、g 经常省略。精典题例()1.Modern plastics can very high and verylow temperatures.(2005 山东)A.stand B.holdC.carry D.support【解析】选 A 句意为“承受高温或低温故选stand o()2.Wh e n,the museum will be open to thepublic next year.A.completed B.completingC.being completed D.to be completed【解析】选 A 该题从句使用了省略形式，省略了与主句主语一致的主语the museum和系
39、动词is。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，同时从句谓语动词又含有系动词b e,常可省略从句主语与系动词b e.()3.This is an illness that can result in totalblindnessif.A.leaving untreated B.left untreatedC.leaving to untreat D.left untreating【解析】选 B if后的逻辑关系是：这种病被忽视未被治疗，表示被动关系，通过两个分词left和 untreated表示。完整句子为：if it is leftuntreated,分词作非谓语动词可带
40、连词。()4.The manager decided to give the job tohebelieve had a strong sense of duty.A.whoever B.whomeverC.who D.no matter who【解析】选 A whoever引导宾语从句，作介 词 t o 的宾语。但同时又做主句的主语，不能用 whomever；而 no matter w ho引导让步状语从句，所以也不能用。()5.nice,the fish was sold out soon.A.Tasted B.TastingC.To taste D.Being taste【解析】选 B系
41、动词，作不及物动词用，无被动语态。所以不能用过去分词.而用现在分词，tasting nice做原因状语。()6.In the dark f o r e s t s,some large enoughtohold several English towns.(2005 辽宁)A.stand many lakes B.lie many lakesC.many lakes lie D.many laks stand【解析】选 B 该句倒装，主语是lakes,不及物动词stand,lie均可用来表达“位于”，但 stand意为“站立，屹立”，用于立体物体；lie为“躺，卧”,相对于平面而言。()7.T
42、he scientists my the plants in thisareawas a terrible sign of the worse environment.A.introduction B.absenceC.presence D.appearance【解析】选 B 全句意为“这个地区这种植物的消失是环境恶化的一种迹象”。()8.-Will$2 0 0?Pm afraid not.We need at least 50 moredollars.A.count B.satisfyC.fit D.do【解析】选 D问句意为“200美元可行吗？”do可作不及物动词，作“行，可以”解，表示对
43、莱一事实的认可。fit意为“吻合”，不是抽象意义的“合适”。()9.The key doesnt the lock.A.fit B.fit forC.fit to D.fit with【解析】选A 此处应作及物动词用，意为“这把钥匙不是配这把锁的 不及物用法应为fit in with,形容词用法应是 be fit for 或 be fit todo.o()1 0.You don*t look well recently.Try tostrong wine.A.keep off B.keep outC.keep out of D.keep up 解析】选A keep off意为“别碰，远离”,句
44、 意 是“身体不好，不要喝烈酒；keep u p意为“坚持，保 持 ；keep out(of)意 为“不让进来”。高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6【短语归类】【考点5】clear u p和clean up clear u p整理；消除；澄清；放晴 clean u p彻底打扫；清理干净 例句Would you clean up this room before ourvisitors arrive?客人到来之前,你打扫房间好吗？She would like to have a talk with her classmate toclear up their misundersta
45、nding.他想和同学交谈以解除他们之间的误会。There are some points Id like to clear up.有几点我要澄清一下。【考例J 5 On his mothers arrival,the crying boysf a c e.A.cleared up B.clearled upC.was lit up D.reflected up 考查目标此题主要考查短语辨义问题。答案与解析A light up此处不用被动态。D不合题意。【考点1】与consist有关的短语 consist of 由.组 成(=be made up of)consist in在于例 句The c
46、lub consists of more than 200members.俱乐部南200多个成员组成。The beauty oF the village consists in its clean airand peaceful environment.这个村庄的美丽之处在于它清洁的空气和幽静的环境。友情提示：consist o f不用于被动语态。考例 1 The opening province whichthirteen counties and three coastal cities willquicken its paces of economic development.A.con
47、sists of B.makes upC.is included D.is contained 考查目标此题主要考查相似意义的短语或动词的用法辨义问题。答案与解析 A B 应该使用被动结构.即：ismade up ofo C 不应该使用被动语态。而 D 本身是错误的，在本题中不可使用。10.deal w ith处理，对付How can I deal with the problem?我应该如何处理这个问题？（相当于：What can I do with the problem?）Deal with aman as he deals with you.以其人之道还治其人之身。deal w ith
48、也可译作“与有生意来往”。We have dealt with the finn for many years.我们和这家公司有多年生意来往。【考点4】in storehave/keep/hold.in store 储藏着；准备着；将发生的 例句 Nobody knows what the future may hold instore.没有人知道将来会是怎样。There was a big surprise in store.有一个大惊奇在等着呢。考例 4 There was another accident for himthat day.A.in the way B.in storeC.
49、in effect D.in case 考查目标此题主要考查短语辨义。答案与解析B in the w ay挡路。in effect事实上。in case万一，以防。【考点2】与point有关的短语 at the point在某处；一度 to the point切中要点 off the point 离题 be on the point of doing sth when.正要做某事突然 Theres no point(in)doing sth 做某事没有意义 point at/to 指向 point o u t指出 例句At one point at the meeting the manage
50、rnearly lost his temper.会上经理一度几乎大发脾气。His remarks on the matter were much to the point.他就这事的评论非常切中要点。The boy was on the point of going to bed when thetelephone rang.这孩子正要上床睡觉这时电话响ToTheres very little point in arguing further.再争论下去意义不大。考例 2 The peaks flue so close to each other thatthe distance betwee