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1、语法精讲突破系列(二)定语从句1.(2013 广东高考)Nicks guests,_ had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.2.(2013 福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.3.(2013 湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those _ are goo
2、d at recognizing their own strengths.4.(2013 新课标全国卷)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.whowhosewhowhere5.(2013 浙江高考)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.6.(2013 四川高考)Nowadays
3、people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.7.(2013 北京高考)Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.8.(2013 湖北高考)Through the course of my schooling,I met many teachers,two of _ influenced me greatly.9.(2013 浙江高考)The children,all of _ had pl
4、ayed the whole day long,were worn out.wherewherewherewhomwhom10.(2013 辽宁高考)He may win the competition,in _ case he is likely to get into the national team.11.(2013 山东高考)Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.12.(2013 安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize
5、 for Literature in 2012,_ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.13.(2013 山东高考)There is no simple answer,_ is often the case in science.14.(2013 天津高考)We have launched another man-made satellite,_ is announced in todays newspaper.whichwhichwhichaswhich【加固训练】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.(2012
6、江苏高考)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.2.(2012 天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I would never have got this far.3.(2012 浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than e
7、ver before.whowhosewhen4.(2012 重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.5.(2008 湖北高考)The city _ I grew up is very hot and damp in summer.6.(2012 四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,of _ half wear glasses.7.(2012 全国卷)That evening,_ I will tell
8、 you more about later,I ended up working very late.8.(2011 山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.wherewherewhomwhichthat/which9.(2012 福建高考)The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.10.(2012 安徽高考)A lot of
9、 language learning,_ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.11.(2012 北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work,_ he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.12.(2012 陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won
10、the race,_ has surprised us all.asaswhichwhich13.(2010 湖北高考)_ has been stressed many times,“serve the people”is our first policy.14.(2010 湖北高考)My mother was so proud of all _I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.15.(2009 湖北高考)Learning strategies,to _ the teachers have attached impor
11、tance,have not yet drawn enough attention of students.As(that)which考点1 关系代词who,whom,whose引导定语从句1.who 和whom 的用法。(1)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those 指代人时。*The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng,the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi.我 想 和 你 谈 论 的 人 是 王 菲 和
12、李 亚 鹏,他 们 于 周 五 在乌鲁木齐签署离婚协议。(2)在There be结 构 中,修 饰 主 语 的 定 语 从 句 宜 用 关 系 代 词who指代人。*Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.有位绅士想见你。(3)一 个 句 子 中 带 有 两 个 修 饰 人 的 定 语 从 句,其 中 一 个 定 语 从 句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who 以避免重复。*The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and w
13、orks very hard.昨天在会上受表扬的学生是班长,他非常谦虚、好学。(4)当 关 系 代 词 前 面 有 介 词 时,只 能 用whom,关 系 代 词whom 在定 语 从 句 中 作 介 词 的 宾 语 时,介 词 可 放 在 后 面,也 可 提 前 构 成介词+关系代词whom(先行词指人)结构。*(2010 浙 江 高 考)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.这 里 居 住 着 将 近1
14、 000人,他 们 中 的 许 多 人 都 离 开 家 乡 去 城 市 追求更好的生活。2.whose 的用法。whose 指 人 或 物,作 定 语,表 示“的”,可 转 换 为“of+关 系 代词”。关 系 代 词whose 一 般 指 人,表 示“该 人 的”,也 可 指 物,表 示“该 物 的”,在 以 物 为 先 行 词 时,可 用of which 代 替 在 从 句 中 作 定语。*(2011 新 课 标 全 国 卷)The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.这个奖项会给作品最富有想
15、象力的那位作家。【点 津】关 系 代 词 在 定 语 从 句 中 作 主 语 时,从 句 谓 语 动 词 的 人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如:Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是派往国外的工程师之一。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。考点2 关系副词when,where,why 引导定语从句1.when 的用法。先 行 词 为“时 间 名 词”,可 用when 引 导 定 语 从 句
16、,when 在 定 语 从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*(2011 天 津 高 考)The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.体力是你生存所需的日子一去不复返了。2.where 的用法。(1)先 行 词 是“地 点 名 词”,定 语 从 句 可 用where 引 导,where 在 从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*(2011 浙 江 高 考)A bank is the place where(=in which)they lend you an
17、 umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.银行是一个晴好天气借给你雨伞而雨天又要回雨伞的地方。(2)如 果 定 语 从 句 修 饰point,situation,part,condition 和case 等表 示 抽 象 意 义 的 词,常 用where 引 导,意 思 是“到 了 某 种 地 步,在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。*You reach a point where medicine cant help.你到了药物无法治疗的地步。3.why 的用法。先 行 词 是 表 示 原 因
18、 的 名 词reason 时,可 以 用why 引 导 定 语 从 句,why 在定语从句中作原因状语,可用for which 替代。*The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。【点 津】当way 表 示 方 法、方 式 作 先 行 词 时,后 面 的 定 语 从 句可 以 用that 或in which 引 导,也 可 以 省 略 关 系 词。如 果 定 语 从 句中缺少宾语时,要用that 或which 引导,也可以省略关系词。*I dont like th
19、e way that/in which/不 填 he speaks to his mother.我不喜欢他和他妈妈说话的方式。考点3 介词+关系代词的6个考查点1.考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。*(2010 上 海 高 考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.风 力 是 一 种 古 老 的 能源,也许在不久的将来我们(人类)会再次使用它。2.考查形容词与介词的搭配习惯。*He referred to me some reference books with wh
20、ich I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。3.考查根据句意确定介词。*I am looking for my glasses,without which I cant watch TV clearly.我正在找我的眼镜,没有它我就看不清电视了。4.考查表示所属关系的of which/whom。*(2011 江 西 高 考)She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of which had taken more than three years.她带领参观者参观了那个花了三
21、年多时间才建成的博物馆。5.考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom。*The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车被愤怒的人群包围着,其中的大部分已满员了。6.考查表示同位关系的of which/whom。*She brought with her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before.她带来了她的三位朋友,我以前全没见过。【点津】选择介词3原则:根据句子意思表达的需要;根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯
22、;根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。考点4 5组易混关系代词的用法辨析类型 主要用法 典句例示只用that不用which 的情况先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none 等不定代词时(2010 全国卷)I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受那些因为别人的过错而带来的责难。类型 主要用法 典句例示只用that不用which 的情况先行词被only,any,few,no,very,little 等修饰时Au
23、stralia is the only country that is also a continent.澳大利亚是唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。类型 主要用法 典句例示只用that 不用which的情况先行词为人、物并用时Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的事和人吗?主句的主语是疑问词who
24、或which 时Which is the bike that you lost?哪一辆是你丢的自行车?先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.山东不再是以前的那个样子了。类型 主要用法 典句例示只用which 不用that 的情况关系代词前有介词时Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?这是莎士比亚出生的那间房子吗?引导非限制性定语从句时(2010 全国卷)As a child,Jack studied in a vill
25、age school,which is named after his grandfather.杰克小时候是在一所山村学校上的学,这所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。类型 主要用法 典句例示只用which 不用that 的情况先行词为that/those 时Whats that which was put in the car?被放入车内的是什么?which 用作定语时He may be late,in which case we ought to wait for him.他也许会迟到,那样的话,我们应该等他。类型 主要用法 典句例示the same.as 与the same.thatthe s
26、ame.as 表示相似或同类的东西the same.that 表示同一人或物This is the same book as he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那类书。This is the same book that he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。类型 主要用法 典句例示such/so.as 与such/so.thatsuch/so.as(定语从句)像那样such/so.that(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.这是一个容易的我能回答的问题。T
27、his is such an easy question that I can answer it.这个问题如此简单连我都能回答。类型 主要用法 典句例示as 与whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中。which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后as 意为“正如”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report 等;which 意为“这一点”Avatar is a very successful film,as is known to all.阿凡达是一部很成功的电影,这一点是大家都知道的。Th
28、e sports meeting was put off,which astonished us.运动会被推迟,这让我们吃惊。考点5 定语从句与其他从句的辨析类型 主要区别 典句例示与并列句的区别如果两个句子之间是分号,或有and,but,so 等连接词,则这两个句子为并列句;如果两个句子之间是逗号,且没有上述的连接词,则这两个句子之间就是主从关系,须有一个引导词引导定语从句They have more than 100 books;most of them are English books.(并列句)他们有100多本书,其中的大部分是英语书。Meeting my uncle after a
29、ll these years was an unforgettable moment,one I will always treasure.(定语从句)这么多年后见到我的叔叔是一个令人难忘的时刻,这一刻我会永远珍藏。类型 主要区别 典句例示与强调句型的区别判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was.that.”去掉后,主句的意思和结构是完整的It is from this library that I borrowed the book.(强调句型)我是从这家图书馆借到的那本书。This is the library where I borrowed the book.(定语从句)这
30、就是我借那本书的那家图书馆。类型 主要区别 典句例示与状语从句的区别状语从句通常没有先行词,整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等的状语,而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定或解释说明作用的After the war,a new school was put up where there once had been a theatre.(地点状语从句)战争之后,在原来是剧院的地方建起了一所新学校。Have you ever been to the house where Lu Xun once lived?(定语从句)你去过鲁迅曾住过的那所房子吗?类型 主要区别 典句例示与同位语从句的区别定语从句对
31、先行词起修饰、限定作用;而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用;引导词that 在从句中的作用不同:在定语从句中,that 既起连接作用,又须在定语从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语等;而在同位语从句中,that 只起连接作用,不充当句子成分;翻译方法不同:限制性定语从句通常翻译成“的”,而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”,也可用冒号或破折号表示We all have heard the news that our team won.(同位语从句)我们都听说了那个消息:我们队赢了。We dont believe the news that he told us yesterday.(定语从句)我们不相信
32、他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.My aunt,_ photo/picture I showed you yesterday,will come to guide me on how to apply for the job I want.2.Look out!Dont get too close to the building,_ roof is being restored these days.3.The boy,_ is said to have a great talent for language learning and persuasion,is
33、a Manchu.4.Steve Jobs,_ death was announced on Oct.5,created the most valuable company in the world.whosewhosewhowhose5.Yesterday we listened to a speech made by the professor _ research was aimed at improving agriculture.6.Yesterday we went to visit the farm _ my father used to work for nearly ten
34、years.7.Snowden arrived at Sheremetyevo airport on June 23,_ he was prevented from leaving for six weeks after the U.S.canceled his passport.8.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ eyesight matters more than hearing.whosewherewherewhere9.The performer was dancing on the s
35、tage happily in front of the audience,to _ great amusement,he fell off a table.10.Constant practice has erased my accent to a point _ people think Im a native speaker.11.The director is communicating with those two guest professors,both of _ are experts at hotel management.12.They asked me a lot of
36、questions,many of _ I couldnt answer.whosewherewhomwhich13.The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles,a few of _ have been mentioned in previous chapters.14._ we expect,the news that Steven Chow,a famous comedy actor,turned into a political advisor makes a lot of people surprised.1
37、5.Much to her relief,the research _she had been devoted to in the past 20 years proved to be a great success and earned her many awards.whichAs(that/which)16.Medical researchers have painfully realized that there are many problems to _ they havent found any solution so far.17.The local newspaper,to
38、_ she contributes some articles every month,is very popular among the readers.18._ you can imagine,I was nothing loath to miss the Sunday morning church parade and readily volunteered to walk the dogs instead.whichwhichAs19.It might snow next week,in _ case we cant go home to observe the Spring Fest
39、ival.20.He suggested an idea on _ he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrial circles.whichwhich.语篇填空(填入适当的连词或引导词)The increase in the price of oil has brought the world to its senses.Scientists are searching for a suitable alternative 1.so far they are in vain.They ar
40、e considering 2.they can make better use of the two other major fuels,coal and natural gas,3.they have found4.neither can take the place of oil in their economics.In recent years there has been a growing concern for the environment 5.coal is not a popular fuel with environmentalists.Natural gas,the
41、purest of the three fuels,is also the most limited in supply.The answer would seem to lie in nuclear power stations,6.need very little fuel to produce enormous amounts of power 7.do not pollute the atmosphere.Their dangers,however,are so great and the cost of building them are also high.Not only cou
42、ld one accident in a nuclear power station spread 8.much radioactivity as a thousand Hiroshima atom bombs,9.the radioactive waste from these stations is extremely dangerous.Scientists have recently turned their attention to natural sources of energy:the sun,the sea,the wind and hot springs,of 10.the
43、 sun seems the most promising source for the future.1.【解 析】but。根 据in vain 判 断,前 后 两 句 是 转 折 关 系,故 填but。2.【解析】how。引导宾语从句。3.【解析】but。由句意判断前后两句是转折关系。4.【解析】that。引导宾语从句。5.【解析】and。空格前后是两个并列关系的句子。6.【解析】which。引导非限制性定语从句。7.【解析】and。连接两个并列谓语。8.【解析】as。as.as 原级比较结构。9.【解析】but。not only.but(also)结构。10.【解析】which。of which the sun,引导非限制性定语从句。