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1、语法精讲突破系列(八)非谓语动词动词-ed形式和动词不定式用所用所给动词给动词正确的非正确的非谓语谓语形式填空形式填空1.(2013天津高考天津高考)In some languages,100words make up half of all words _(use)in daily conversations.2.(2013湖南高考湖南高考)You cannot accept an opinion _(offer)to you unless it is based on facts.3.(2013新新课标课标全国卷全国卷)They might just have a place _(leav
2、e)on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?usedofferedleft4.(2013陕陕西高考西高考)The witnesses _(question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.5.(2013湖北高考湖北高考)When I work on the farmland in the daytime,I always keep my sheep _(tie)to a tree on the riverbank.6.(2013江西高
3、考江西高考)If _(ask)to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.7.(2013重重庆庆高考高考)The engine just wont start.Something seems _(go)wrong with it.questionedtiedaskedto have gone8.(2013北京高考北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives,including your own.9.(2013四川高考四川高考)The airport _
4、(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.10.(2013陕陕西高考西高考)Let those in need _(understand)that we will go all out to help them.11.(2013山山东东高考高考)I stopped the car _(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.12.(2012广广东东高考高考)Mary felt _(please),because there were many empty seats in t
5、he room.to changeto be completedunderstandto takepleased【加固加固训练训练】用所用所给动词给动词正确的非正确的非谓语谓语形式填空形式填空1.(2011湖北高考湖北高考)It was cold and damp,the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _(freeze)face.2.(2012山山东东高考高考)After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelope _(prov
6、ide).3.(2012浙江高考浙江高考)“Its such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table _(reserve)for customers.frozenprovidedreserved4.(2011福建高考福建高考)Tsinghua University,_(found)in1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.5.(2012湖北高考湖北高考)With more and more forests _(cut)down,some animals are fa
7、cing the danger of dying out.6.(2012湖北高考湖北高考)Popularly _(regard)as one of the best American films ever made,The Godfather is a milestone of cinema.7.(2012湖南高考湖南高考)Time,_(use)correctly,is money in the bank.foundedcutregardedused8.(2011北京高考北京高考)Its important for the figures _(update)regularly.9.(2009湖
8、北高考湖北高考)When you are finished with the electric iron,dont forget _(turn)it off.10.(2012湖南高考湖南高考)Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs _(do)to achieve the final success.11.(2011辽辽宁高考宁高考)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how _(read)fast.12.(2010湖北高考湖北高考)After she com
9、pletes the project,shell have nothing _(worry)about.to be updatedto turnto be doneto readto worry13.(2011上海春招上海春招)Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars _(work)as a carpenter before.14.(2011天津高考天津高考)Passengers are permitted _(carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.15.
10、(2011福建高考福建高考)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _ _(hold).to have workedto carrytohold16.(2011湖北高考湖北高考)A number of paintings in this castle are believed _(destroy)in a fire in 2009.17.(2012江西高考江西高考)Having finished her project,she was in
11、vited by the school _(speak)to the new students.18.(2012全国卷全国卷)The old man sat in front of the television every evening,happy _(watch)anything that happened to be on.to have been destroyedto speakto watch一、一、动词动词-ed形式形式考点考点1 动词动词-ed形式的形式的4大句法功能大句法功能句法句法功能功能要点要点归归纳纳典句例示典句例示表表语语表示状表示状态态(2010福建高考福建高考)I
12、n April,thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.四月四月,由于火山灰云由于火山灰云,成千上成千上万的游客被困在国外。万的游客被困在国外。句法句法功能功能要点要点归归纳纳典句例示典句例示定定语语相当于一个定相当于一个定语语从从句句,表示被表示被动动或完成或完成,单单个分个分词词作定作定语时语时前置前置,分分词词短短语语作定作定语时语时后置后置(2010全国卷全国卷)Mrs.White showed her students some old maps borrowed f
13、rom the library.怀怀特夫人向学生特夫人向学生们们展示了从展示了从图图书馆书馆借来的一些老地借来的一些老地图图。句法句法功能功能要点要点归归纳纳典句例示典句例示宾语宾语补补足足语语及物及物动词动词的的过过去分去分词词作作宾语补宾语补足足语语,与与宾语宾语有有逻辑逻辑上的被上的被动动关系关系,且表示完成且表示完成(2010上海高考上海高考)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.露西很有幽默感露西很有幽默感,总总能使得同能使得同事事们们被她被她讲
14、讲的故事逗笑。的故事逗笑。句法句法功能功能要点要点归归纳纳典句例示典句例示状状语语一般式一般式(done)同同动词动词-ing形式的完成被形式的完成被动动式式(having been done)均与均与句中主句中主语语构成构成逻辑逻辑上的上的动动宾宾关系关系,且先于且先于谓语动谓语动作作发发生生Asked what had happened,he lowered his head.当他被当他被问问及及发发生了什么事的生了什么事的时时候候,他低下了他低下了头头。Having been shown the lab,we left.被被领领着看了着看了实验实验室后我室后我们们就就离开了。离开了。句法
15、句法功能功能要点要点归归纳纳典句例示典句例示状状语语动词动词-ed形式和形式和动词动词-ing形式作状形式作状语时语时,其其逻辑逻辑主主语语必必须须与句子的主与句子的主语语保保持一致持一致,且和句中主且和句中主语语构构成成逻辑逻辑上的主上的主谓谓或或动宾动宾关系关系,否否则则不能使用它不能使用它们们作状作状语语(2010全国卷全国卷)Though surprised to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.尽管看到我尽管看到我们们感到惊感到惊讶讶,教授教授还还是是热热情地情地欢欢迎我迎我们们。考点考点2 动词动词-ed形式的几个注意事形式的
16、几个注意事项项注意事注意事项项典句例示典句例示1.不及物不及物动词动词-ed形式一般只形式一般只表示表示“完成完成”,没有被没有被动动意意义义developed areas=areas that have developed2.只表示只表示“被被动动”,不表示不表示“完完成成”。这这是某些及物是某些及物动词动词的一的一种用法种用法(2010陕陕西高考西高考)Seen from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.从塔的从塔的顶顶部看去部看去,南面的山脚南面的山脚是一片是一片树树的海洋。的海洋
17、。注意事注意事项项典句例示典句例示3.动词动词-ed形式表示形式表示“被被动动、完成完成”,表示一个被表示一个被动动的的动动作作已已经经完成。完成。这这是及物是及物动词动词最最常常见见的用法的用法Bitten by a dog,she is afraid to go out at night.被狗咬了以后被狗咬了以后,她害怕在夜她害怕在夜间间外出。外出。注意事注意事项项典句例示典句例示4.注意下列句式注意下列句式(1)have sth.done/get sth.done使使/让让某事由某事由别别人去做人去做;使遭受使遭受(2)have sb.do sth./get sb.to do sth.使
18、使/让让/叫某人去做某事叫某人去做某事(3)have sb./sth.doing使使/让让某人某人/物持物持续续地做某事地做某事get sb./sth.doing使某人使某人/物开始物开始行行动动起来起来(4)leave sb.doing sth.让让某人一直某人一直做某事做某事(5)leave sth.undone留下某事未留下某事未做做(6)leave sb.to do sth.留下某人做留下某人做某事某事(7)leave sth.to be done留下某事留下某事要做要做(2010辽辽宁高考宁高考)Alexander tried to get his work recognized i
19、n the medical circles.亚历亚历山大山大试图让试图让他的工作在医学圈他的工作在医学圈内得到内得到认认可。可。Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让妈妈让我去商店我去商店买买些些盐盐。Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain.不要不要让让他一直在外面的雨中等。他一直在外面的雨中等。The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste delicious.客人客人们们没有没有动动大部分的菜
20、大部分的菜,因因为为它它们们尝尝起来不可口。起来不可口。二、二、动词动词不定式不定式考点考点 动词动词不定式的不定式的6种句法功能种句法功能 1.作主作主语语和表和表语语(1)不定式作主不定式作主语语，往往用，往往用it作形式主作形式主语语，真正的主，真正的主语语不定式放不定式放在句子的后面。在句子的后面。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用不用时时把把车锁车锁好好对对你来你来说说是很有必要的。是很有必要的。(2)不定式可放在不定式可放在be动词动词后面，作表后面，作表语语，表示主，表示主语语的的“职业职
21、业、职职责责和性和性质质”。My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打我的工作是每天打扫扫那个房那个房间间。2.作作宾语宾语(1)不定式可以作某些不定式可以作某些动词动词的的宾语宾语。常。常见见的有：的有：afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish,want等。等。She wishes to be a musician.她想成她想成为为一名音一名音乐乐家。家。(2)不定式在介不定式在介词词but,except,besides后面后面时时，如果介，如果介词词之前之
22、前为为动词动词do的某种形式，的某种形式，则则不定式省略不定式省略to，否，否则带则带to。此外，。此外，cannot choose but和和cannot help but,cannot but等后面的不定等后面的不定式也省略式也省略to。She could do nothing but wait.她除了等外无事可做。她除了等外无事可做。(3)不定式作不定式作动词动词的的宾语宾语，其后跟，其后跟补补足足语时语时，常用，常用it作形式作形式宾语宾语，而把不定式后置。而把不定式后置。I make it a rule to read English every morning.每天早上每天早上读读
23、英英语语是我的一是我的一贯贯做法。做法。(4)tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss等等动词动词后可跟后可跟“疑疑问词问词+不定式不定式”。Can you tell me what to do next?你能告你能告诉诉我下一步我下一步该该做什么做什么吗吗？3作定作定语语(1)不定式与所修不定式与所修饰饰的的词词之之间间存在存在动宾动宾关系，如果不定式中的关系，如果不定式中的动词动词是不及物是不及物动词动词,后面就要有相后面就要有相应应的介的介词词。但是，不定式所。但是，不定式所修修饰饰的名的名词词如果是如果是t
24、ime,place或或way 时时，不定式后面的介，不定式后面的介词习词习惯惯上可省去。上可省去。(2010山山东东高考高考)I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这这个学期个学期结结束前，我有很多束前，我有很多阅读练习阅读练习要做。要做。(2)不定式与所修不定式与所修饰饰的的词词之之间间存在存在逻辑逻辑上的主上的主谓谓关系。关系。He is the first student to come.他是第一个来的学生。他是第一个来的学生。(3)说说明所修明所修饰饰的名的名词词的内容的内容,与与该词该词存在同
25、位关系。常用于存在同位关系。常用于chance,opportunity,time,money,decision,refusal,wish,right等等词词后。后。I must keep the promise to pay back the money within a month.我必我必须须守守诺诺在一月内在一月内还还清清钱钱。4.作作宾宾(主主)语补语补足足语语(1)接不定式作接不定式作宾语补宾语补足足语语的的动词动词有有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,teach,tell,order等。等。T
26、ell the children not to play in the street.告告诉诉孩子孩子们们不要在大街上玩。不要在大街上玩。(2)动词动词不定式作不定式作动词动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等感等感官官动词动词以及以及have,let,make等使役等使役动词动词后面的后面的宾语补宾语补足足语时语时，不定式符号不定式符号to要省略。但如果要省略。但如果这这些句子些句子变变成被成被动结动结构构时时，其，其宾宾语补语补足足语语便称之便称之为为主主语补语补足足语语，这时这时必必须带须带to。I saw a little girl run acro
27、ss the street.我看我看见见一个小女孩跑一个小女孩跑过过大街。大街。My neighbor was heard to lock the door.有人听有人听见见我的我的邻邻居居锁门锁门。(3)下列下列结结构中用不定式作主构中用不定式作主语补语补足足语语，它，它们们是：是：sb./sth.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done。Mo Yan is considered to be one of the greate
28、st writers.莫言被莫言被认为认为是最是最伟伟大的作家之一。大的作家之一。5.作状作状语语(1)动词动词不定式作状不定式作状语时语时，表示目的、，表示目的、结结果、原因等。果、原因等。(2)目的状目的状语还语还可以用可以用in order to或或so as to来表示，但来表示，但so as to不能置于句首不能置于句首;only to do,so.as to do和和such.as to do中的中的不定式均作不定式均作结结果状果状语语。(2010全国卷全国卷I)With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money o
29、ut of the bank to buy presents for my dad.父父亲节亲节将要到来，将要到来，为为了了给给爸爸爸爸买买礼物我已礼物我已经经从从银银行取了一些行取了一些钱钱。.用所用所给动词给动词正确的非正确的非谓语谓语形式填空形式填空1.As usual they sat at the table _(reserve)for them and ordered their lunch.2.When his mother came home from work,he was lying on the sofa,_(absorb)in reading his book.3.Th
30、e experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _(carry)out regularly,can improve our health.4.Everything _(take)into consideration,they took quick action to attack the enemys army.reservedabsorbedcarriedtaken5.With students _(burden)with too much homework,some educators appealed to the public
31、 to pay more attention to their physical health.6.Fully _(occupy)in doing the homework,students have no time to relax themselves.7.The TV entertainment program,the Voice of China,enjoysgreat popularity,with a large audience _(lose)in its live show.8.Unless properly _(deal)with right away,this kind o
32、f disease will spread throughout the country very soon.burdenedoccupiedlostdealt9.So much time and money _(spend),the project is only half done.10.He pretended _(read)aloud in the study when he heard his father open the door.11.I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn
33、 off the lights.12.The rooms were in a total mess when we came back from workthe house seemed _(break)into.13.The farmer told me that his dream was _(invite)to sing a song at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.(having been)spentto be readingto lockto have been brokento be invited14.The farmer-worker with
34、 the baby in her hand hurried to the train station,only _(tell)the train had gone two minutes ago.15.With no one _(turn)to for help,she found herself in a desperate situation then.16.With many students _(attend)his lecture about the endangered animals,the professor has been preparing for it all the
35、day.17.Teachers usually try in every way they can _(convince)us of what they say.to be toldto turnto attendto convince18._(lower)the house prices,several measures have been adopted in the last two years.19.The earthquake that happened in Yaan,Sichuan in April was reported _(result)in the death of ne
36、arly 200 people.20.Shanghai Disneyland Park,_(complete)in 2015,will attract tourists from all over China then.To/In order to lowerto have resultedto be completed.语语篇填空篇填空(用所用所给动词给动词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空)Freud was one of the first scientists 1.(make)serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of
37、 activities 2.(base)in the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3.(search)for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis(催眠催眠).He wanted to see if4.(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help eas
38、e 5.(trouble)minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6.(sit)with his patients and 7.(listen)to them talk.He had them 8._(talk)about whatever they were thinking.All ideas,thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9._(express).There could be no 10.(hold)back because of fear or guilt.答案答案:1.to make2.based3.to search4.putting5.troubled6.sitting7.listening8.talk9.be expressed10.holding