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1、初中英语语法之时态用法分析与高频考点1. 一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语
2、境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时，常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year条件：if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三：在make sure (certain),
3、 see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2. 现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动;与频率副词，如always，con
4、stantly，continually，again等连用，表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。We are having English class. The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street.Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在
5、最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。Marry is leaving on Friday.3. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语。考点一：for + 时间段;since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately, recently, ju
6、st, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these daysHas it stopped raining yet?考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等In the past 30 y
7、ears China has made great advances in socialist construction.考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词+that” 后面用现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has written.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.4.一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间
8、发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when。考点一：used to + do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。比较：be / become / get used to + doing 表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early.
9、考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The rad
10、io was being repaired when you called me.6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用。There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than句
11、型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意倒装)考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.考点三：动词hope, expect,
12、think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7. 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。We will begin our class as soon as the teac
13、her comes.(主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and / or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“be going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“be about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手
14、进行的动作。“be to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in May.8. 将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9. 将来完成时表示在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by + 将来时间 ，如：by the end
15、of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时
16、表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10. 动词的语态一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist
17、, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGlass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型It is said, I
18、t is reported, It is widely believed，It is expected, It is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而“以前人们认为”则应该说：It was believed, It was thought。高频考点一、一般时态例1A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.Awould fall Bhad fallenChas fallen Dfell【答案】D【解析】考查时态。
19、句意：史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。【举一反三】Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.Ais given Bare givenCwas given Dwere given【答案】C【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：上周Amy和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last week”可知，应用一般过去时；as well as连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语一致，即与“Amy
20、”一致，故此处应用单数形式。故选C。【变式探究】Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around.Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just_on Monday.Astart Bhave startedCstarted Dhad started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。你好，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday)发生的事。【变式探究】Hes been informed that he_for
21、 the scholarship because of his academic background.Ahasnt qualifiedBhadnt qualifiedCdoesnt qualifyDwasnt qualifying【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：他已被告知，由于他的学术背景，他没有获得奖学金的资格。根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，因此使用一般现在时。高频考点二 进行时态例2Susan had quit her wellpaid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last yea
22、r.Ais working Bwas workingChas worked Dhad worked【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，去年我去拜访她时，她在社区作义工。根据语境可知，此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事，所以用过去进行时。【举一反三】Jack _ in the lab when the power cut occurred. Aworks Bhas workedCwas working Dwould work【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：杰克正在实验室里工作的时候，突然停电了。本句使用了句式结构be doing sth. when.“正在做某事时突然”，
23、此时前一分句用过去进行时，后一分句用一般过去时。因此选C。【变式探究】It is said that his parents _ him to be a high achiever, but he turned out to be a nobody.Aexpect Bwere expectingCwould expect Dhave been expecting【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：据说他的父母一直期望他能大有作为，但结果他成了一个无名小辈。此处表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选B。【变式探究】With the Internet so convenient, s
24、everal million patients in China _ web-based mobile platforms for solutions to their health-related problems now.Aturned to Bwill turn toCare turning to Dhad turned to【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：因特网是如此方便，几百万中国病人现在正借助于基于网络的移动平台来寻找解决与他们的健康相关的问题的方法。从句意以及时间状语“now”可看出，此处应用现在进行时，故选C。高频考点三 完成时态例3The musician along
25、 with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.Agives Bhas givenChave given Dgive【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据后面的时间状语in the last three months可知，谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时；along with连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致，故选B项。【举一反三】I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate
26、 him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.Ahad hoped Bam hopingChave hoped Dwould hope【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚，但是没能成功。根据句意可知，本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选A。【举一反三】Chinas highspeed railways _ from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years.Aare growing Bhave grownCwill g
27、row Dhad grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路已经从9 000 公里增加到25 000公里。根据句中的in the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时。【变式探究】The official was shocked by the crash, because the pilot who was killed _ any trouble.Ahadnt reported Bdidnt reportCwouldnt report Dhasnt reported【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：那位官员对这次飞机失事感到震惊，因为飞行员在死亡
28、之前并没有报告任何故障。从句意看，飞机失事是发生在过去的事情，而报告故障显然是飞机失事前发生的事情，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。高频考点四 其他时态例4Dashan, who _ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.Awill be learning Bis learningChad been learning Dhas been learning【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成进行时态。根据句意及定语从句
29、中的时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知，本题使用现在完成进行时态，表示从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去的动作。【举一反三】Where is Peter？I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and _ his essay there ever since.Awrote Bhad writtenChas been writing Dis writing【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：“Peter在哪儿？我到处都找不到他。”“他早饭后去图书馆了，并且从那时起一直在
30、那儿写他的文章。”由ever since可知，Peter从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章(说话时应该仍然在写)，故应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。故答案为C项。【变式探究】That woman was a little vague at the time but said something to the effect that she _ the project within three days.Afinished Bwill finishCwould finish Dwill have finished【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：那位女士当时有点含糊其辞，
31、不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。根据句中的“was”“said”以及“within three days”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。故选C。【变式探究】Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He_for it for months.Ais preparing Bwas preparingChad been preparing Dhas been preparing【答案】D【解析】句意：我确信安德鲁最终会赢得一等奖。我也这么认为。他准备了几个月了。由will可知事情还未发生，表示安德鲁一直在准备着，故选D。学科网（北京）股份有限公司