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1、一一.时间状语从句时间状语从句常见连词常见连词：when，as，while，before，after，since，till(until)，as soon as，hardly-when，no sooner-than once 一旦一旦常见名词短语常见名词短语:the moment,the minute,each(every)time,next time,the last/first time,副词副词:directly,instantly,immediately注意注意:1when表示表示“当当-时候时候”“突然，这时突然，这时”It was about four oclock when l f
2、inished writing the report I was about to leave when someone was knocking at my door 2as强调强调“同一时间同一时间”“一先一后一先一后”，“随着随着”。As 1 was having breakfast，I heard the doorbell ring 注意注意as表表“随着随着”与与with区别：区别：As the day went on，the weather got even cold With the day going on，the weather got even cold 3while强调在
3、做强调在做-的过程中，有时可表示并列对比，意思为的过程中，有时可表示并列对比，意思为“然而然而”While I was waiting for a bus，I read a novel While l admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved4until，till“直到直到-”I stayed up until it was 3 am.Not until his mother called did he get up(不倒装为不倒装为He didnt get up until his mother
4、 called)It was not until his mother called that he got up(not until的的强调结构为强调结构为it iswas not untilthat此时不倒装此时不倒装)练习练习:He didnt come back until it was darkNot until it was dark did he come backIt was not until it was dark that he came back.5before句型句型 It wont be long before sbdoes sth 不用多久某人就会不用多久某人就会
5、 It will be long before sbdoes 要过很久某人才会要过很久某人才会 lt was long before sbdid sth 过很久某人才做过很久某人才做 It will be+一段时间一段时间+before sbdoes 某人要过多长时间才做某人要过多长时间才做 It was+一段时间一段时间+before sbdid sth 某人过了多长时间才做某人过了多长时间才做It will be three years before he graduates He had applied the job three times before he was finally
6、accepted练习练习:(1)It was four years _ she graduated from the famous university Asince B，that Cwhen Dbefore (2)Mary came to France in 1940 and it wasnt long_ she became a French citizen Awhile Bbefore Csince Dwhen (3)_two days later_ did we hear about his illness AIt was until；that BNot until；C It was
7、not until；that DNot until；whenDBB6.表示表示“一一-就就”的连词有：的连词有：as soon as，instantly，immediately，directly，presently,the moment/minute/instantI will give you answer immediately Ive finished reading your report.The machine will start instantly/the moment you press the button.7since“自从自从”句型句型It is/has been+一段时
8、间一段时间+since sbdid sth 自从某人做某事已经多久自从某人做某事已经多久了了It is three years since l moved here我搬到这儿来已经我搬到这儿来已经3年了。年了。8sbhad hardly done sthwhen sbdid sth sbhad no sooner done sththan sbdid sth (刚刚-就就-)注意注意部分倒装形式部分倒装形式 He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment 该句倒装结构为：该句倒装结构为：No sooner
9、 had he got to the lab than he set out to do the experimentOR:Hardly had he got to the lab when he set out to do the experiment.多数情况下都是主倒从不倒多数情况下都是主倒从不倒9.当从句的主语与主句的主语一致当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,谓语动词又是谓语动词又是be动词时动词时,从句主语和从句主语和be可可以省略以省略(常适用与时间常适用与时间,条件条件,让步从句让步从句)When(you are)in trouble,ask me for help.When(I a
10、m)sleeping,I can nerve hear anything.练习练习:(1)_through the field，the wild flowers provide an interesting subject to study AWhile walking BHaving walked CAs one walks DWhen one has walked(2)While reading the magazine，_ ，A，a colorful advertisement caught my eyes BMy attention was attracted by an advert
11、isement C.I was attracted by a colorful advertisement DWhat attracted my eyes was a colorful advertisement(3)_,someone switched on the radio AHaving done my homework B.While I was doing my homework C.During doing my homework DDoing my homeworkCCB二二.条件状语从句条件状语从句常见连词：常见连词：unless(if-not)，on condition t
12、hat(在在-条件下条件下)，providingprovided that (以以-为条件，假如为条件，假如)，supposingsuppose that(假如，如假如，如果，要是果，要是)，as(so)long as(只要只要)，in case(万一万一),as(so)far as就就-而言而言As long as you promise to keep it well,I will lend the book to you SupposingSuppose that I dont agree to your plan，what will you do?In case my uncle co
13、messhould come，please tell him to wait a moment The doctor would allow him to go home on condition that he remained in bedAs far as I know,they live in the same neighbourhood.注意注意:Only if you practice English more often,are you able to communicate with foreigners.(只要只要=if 主句要部分倒装主句要部分倒装)If only few
14、people had been killed in the Iraqi war.(但愿但愿=wish 要用虚拟要用虚拟)三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句 常见连词为：常见连词为：because since(既然，对方已知，无需说明的原因既然，对方已知，无需说明的原因)，as，seeing that(既然既然)，now that(既然既然)，considering that(考虑到考虑到)，in that(因因为为)，not that-but that-,for the reason that,because of/owing to/due to/on account of the fact t
15、hat-1becauseassincefor because:语气最强语气最强,有必然的因果关系有必然的因果关系,从句常位于句末从句常位于句末.可以回答可以回答why.有强有强调句型调句型“it is because-that-;It was because he missed the train to London yesterday that you couldnt have met him there.since 比比as 正式正式,表间接的表间接的,已知的原因已知的原因,自然的结果自然的结果,从句常位于句首从句常位于句首.不能回答不能回答why且无强调句型且无强调句型 seeing t
16、hat-=now that=sinceSince/as the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.for 并列连词并列连词,常位于句末常位于句末,对前一句的推测对前一句的推测,猜测猜测(分句中常有分句中常有must be,must have done)It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet now.because/since/as 不能与不能与so 连用连用,但可以与副词但可以与副词hence,consequently,therefore连用连用2considering
17、 that(考虑到考虑到)Considering that he has been here only for half a year，he does well in his job 3In that因为因为Human beings are superior to animals in that they can use languages as tools to communicate四、地点状语从句四、地点状语从句常见连词：常见连词：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere注意注意where,wherever引导的地点状语从句和定语从句之间的转换引导的地点状语从
18、句和定语从句之间的转换The young generations are willing to go wherever they are needed after graduation转换为转换为 The young generations are willing to go to any place where they are needed after graduation该结构中的该结构中的where为定语从句的关系副词为定语从句的关系副词又如又如 I will go where I am needed most(转换为转换为to the place where)五、让步状语从句五、让步
19、状语从句 常见连词：常见连词：although，though，as，even if(though)，whether-or(无论无论是是-还是还是-)，whatever，whenever，wherever，whoever，however(无无论多么论多么)=no matter how/what/who/where等等 1.请思考请思考:_many times，but he still couldnt know how to use the computer AHaving been told BThough he had been CHe was told D.Having toldCaltho
20、ugh，though与与yet,still连用，不能和连用，不能和but用用2.请思考请思考:_,I have never seen anyone who is as capable as John AAs long as I have traveled BAs I have traveled so much CNow that I have traveled so much DMuch as I have traveled 3.whatever，however用法区别，用法区别，whatever修饰名词，修饰名词，however修饰形修饰形容词容词/副词，均无需倒装副词，均无需倒装 Howe
21、ver much the watch costs,it will be worth it However worried he was about his son,he continued his work until daybreak Whatever job you do，you must be responsible for it，whatever 4.whether you believe it or not,it is true.Dadj.v.nadv+asthough+主语主语+谓语谓语 Child as/though he is，he is very eager for succ
22、ess Tired as he is,he goes on with his work.但但although 无倒装结构无倒装结构六、目的状语从句六、目的状语从句 常见连词：常见连词：so that，that，in order that,lest/in case/for fear that-(以免，以免，以防以防)I didnt mention the liars name lestfor fear that/in case he(should)be scolded(从句常用虚拟结构从句常用虚拟结构should do)Youd better leave the key at home in c
23、ase one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.七、结果状语从句七、结果状语从句 常见连词：常见连词：so that，so-that-,such-that-，that-,注意注意:1.so-that-,such-that-区别：区别：such a clever boy that-=so clever a boy that-such fine weather that-so little/few/much/many+n.that-I wonder why such little birds eat so many insectsThey a
24、re such hard-working students that they have already made so much progress since they came.2.so/such-that-改为部分倒装改为部分倒装The mark was so small that I could hardly see it.=So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.练习练习:The workers finished their work so quickly that they were given a bonus.So qui
25、ckly did the workers finish their work that they were given a bonus.3.so that 引导目的与结果状语从句的区别引导目的与结果状语从句的区别:结果结果:I didnt go early,so that I didnt get a good seat.目的目的:They climbed higher so that they might get a better view of the city.八、方式状语从句八、方式状语从句 常见连词：常见连词：as(如，按照如，按照)，(just)asso(正如正如-也也-)，as i
26、fthough(好像，仿好像，仿 佛佛)，the way(that=in which)Sbdoes sthI will do it as you tell me.It looks as if the weather may clear up very soon.She looks as if she had been hit by lightening.(虚拟语气虚拟语气)As the 1ion is king of beasts，so is the eagle king of birds.正如狮子是野兽之王，鹰也是鸟类之王。正如狮子是野兽之王，鹰也是鸟类之王。As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水犹如鱼儿离不开水As you seed,so you reap.种瓜得瓜种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆种豆得豆.I dont 1ike the way you speak to your parents 九、比较状语从句九、比较状语从句 常见连词：常见连词：asas，than，not as(so)-as，the more-the more-(越越-越越)The more parents do for their children，the less independent they will be