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1、Scientific English WritingKey to Exercise 9I.1.The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.2.Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment /experimentally.3.The year this device was invented,World War II bro
2、ke out.4.Small as they are,atoms are made up of still smaller particles.5.These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor can operate normally.6.The body is in such a state that it can do work.II.1.The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all
3、 the dc circuits.2.The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.3.An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.4.There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.5.The question now arises whether the algorithm
4、is of practical use.6.In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.7.There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.8.One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves
5、.9.This is due to/is caused by/results from the fact that there are many free electrons in conductors.10.Besides/In addition to the fact that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model,we must take other factors into account.III.1.These features make it difficult for e
6、lectronic counter -measure systems to intercept,analyze and jam this kind of signals.2.The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.3.The variation of/in the number of the filters teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variat
7、ion of/in its dimensions.4.Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.5.Fig.6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.Key to Exercise 10I.1.Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2.It is cle
8、ar from Dubamels Theorem that this limit exists.3.It follows from Maxwells hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field,a magnetic field is produced.4.It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.5.Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will t
9、ake place.6.It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.II.1.What a generator does is(to)change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2.What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.3.Matter is what can occupy space.4.What we have
10、discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.5.This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.6.Magnitude,direction,and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.7.These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.8.In
11、 what follows,we shall acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts.III.1.An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7.Or:Fig.7 shows.2.This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.3.On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial,a novel con
12、figuration results.Or:The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.4.Finally,an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.5.The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.Key to Exercise 11I.1.The meter(that
13、/which)we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.2.Computers are the most efficient assistants(that)man has ever had.3.Now this disease is no longer the serious problem(that)it once was.4.Radar can measure the time(that)it takes for the radio echo to return.5.We must calc
14、ulate the distance(that/through which)the body is lifted.6.The direction(that/in which)a body moves is also very important.7.The number of times(that/by which)this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as /referred to as frequency.8.We equate these two ratios,from
15、which the simplest formula follows/results.9.It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.10.The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.II.1.The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where=.2.The force
16、of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.3.The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.4.The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.5.This is a
17、 parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.6.The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.7.The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.8.This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.9.These two laws
18、are the foundation on which all other laws are built.10.The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0.III.1.As the title indicates,this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.2.As the name shows,a fluid is a substance which flows readily.3.This single force produces the same effect as is p
19、roduced by those forces together.4.Now we are able to solve such differential equations as occur in physics.5.This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.6.These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics,or“sta
20、tic electricity,”as it is called.7.This current is,as predicted,very small,8.First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.IV.1.This is a slightly higher value than we predicted.2.This reactor can produce more fuel than it consumes.3.Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.4
21、.We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.5.During the ten years since this book was first published,significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.V.1.Even in this case these protocols can provide a limited number of users with the acceptabl
22、e quality of voice service.2.This paper presents a method for an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.3.The effect of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is analyzed in detail.A detailed analysis is made of.4.Each receiver channel in Fig.1 contains an
23、RF amplifier,a mixer,an IF amplifier,an A/D converter,etc.（注意：句尾的句号与缩略词“etc.”的黑点重合在一起了）5.The larger the abnormal extent(is),the larger is the residual mismatch,with the curve going up.Subjunctive mood.The conditional subjective moodIf man made use of all the sunlight,he would have no need for coal o
24、r other fuels.人类如能把太阳光全部利用起来，那么就不需要煤和其他人类如能把太阳光全部利用起来，那么就不需要煤和其他燃料了。燃料了。If this method had been adopted at that time,much time would have been saved.如果当时采用了这种方法，就会节省好多时间。如果当时采用了这种方法，就会节省好多时间。(sub-clause)(sub-clause)if,if,A patternshouldshouldwere towere to ,Should these bombers encounter such an air
25、-defense system,the results could be fatal.一旦这些轰炸机遇到这样的空防系统的话，其后果会是致命的。一旦这些轰炸机遇到这样的空防系统的话，其后果会是致命的。万一，一旦，如果万一，一旦，如果万一，一旦，如果万一，一旦，如果,If these bombers(should)/were to encounter such an air-defense system,the results could be fatal.1.They consider it necessary that this point _(ground).2.It is of param
26、ount importance that correct measurement _(carry)out at every step.3.Their suggestion is that the water level _(raise).4.Long long ago,a scientist suggested that the earth _(be)round.Subjunctive mood in nominal clausesBlank filling:.Subjunctive mood in some adverbial clauseas if(as though),whether o
27、r,lestas if(as though),whether or,lestAt that time it looked as if the answer to that problem had been wrong.当时看起来那个题的答案好像是错的。当时看起来那个题的答案好像是错的。Any matter,be it air,wood or water,has weight.任何物质，无论是空气、木头还是水，都具有重量。任何物质，无论是空气、木头还是水，都具有重量。Batteries should be kept in a dry place lest electricity leak awa
28、y.应该把电池放在干燥的地方以免走电。应该把电池放在干燥的地方以免走电。Any matter,whether it is air,wood or water,has weight.Means for EmphasisIt+be+stressed part+It+be+stressed part+thatthatwhowho.A sentence pattern Translation techniqueTranslation techniquegeneral general “正是正是正是正是”，“就是就是就是就是”special special “到底到底到底到底”，“究竟究竟究竟究竟”wi
29、th “interrogative words”with “interrogative words”When an electron and a proton attract each other,it will be the tiny electron that will do most of the actual moving.正是法拉第首先发现了电磁感应现象。正是法拉第首先发现了电磁感应现象。It was Faraday who first discovered electromagnetic induction.However,it is just this distinction w
30、ith which the second law of thermodynamics is concerned.然而，热力学第二定律所涉及的就是这一特性。然而，热力学第二定律所涉及的就是这一特性。病人在病房里大部分时间与其打交道的是护士。病人在病房里大部分时间与其打交道的是护士。It is the nurse with whom the patients spend most of the time in a ward room.电到底是怎么产生的？电到底是怎么产生的？How is it that electricity is produced?尚不清楚到底在什么条件下才能使用这种方法。尚不清
31、楚到底在什么条件下才能使用这种方法。It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this method can be used.1.do(does,did)+base form .Some words for emphasis这方法的确管用。这方法的确管用。This method does work.我我真诚地真诚地希望你再次来看我们。希望你再次来看我们。I do hope you will come to visit us again.数学分析表明，这些方法是数学分析表明，这些方法是确实确实可行的，但是尚不清可行的，但是尚不清楚楚
32、到底到底在什么条件下才能使用他们。在什么条件下才能使用他们。Mathematical analysis shows that these methods do work,but it is not clear yet under what conditions it is that they may be used.2.Very “就就就就”，“最最最最”，“那个那个那个那个”交流电交流电就是就是使无线电和电视成为可能的使无线电和电视成为可能的那种那种电流电流。The alternating current is the very current that makes radio and te
33、levision possible.就就在我们闭合电路的那一瞬间电流就开始流动。在我们闭合电路的那一瞬间电流就开始流动。The current starts to flow at the very moment we close the circuit.the this;that;no;物主代词物主代词 +very+n.3.other adverbs:only,right,merely,simply为了正好能离开地球，物体必须以每秒七英里的速度飞为了正好能离开地球，物体必须以每秒七英里的速度飞入太空。入太空。To get right away from the earth,an object will have to fly into space at a speed of seven miles per second.Emphasis through inversion这一点将在以后讨论。这一点将在以后讨论。This point we will discuss later on.原子实在太小了，以至于我们用肉眼是看不见它们的。原子实在太小了，以至于我们用肉眼是看不见它们的。So small are atoms that we cannot see them with our naked eyes.