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1、考研英语长难句翻译：经典一百句1.The American economic system is organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largelydetermine what shall be produced by spending their money in themarketplace for those goods and services that they want most.参考译文美国的经济体系基本上是以私有企业和市场导向经济来构建
2、的，在这种经济中，消费者支付他们在市场上最想要的货品和服务的费用，从而在很大程度上决定了该生产什么样的产品。2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individualconsumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits andthe desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that togetherdetermine what shall be produced and how
3、 resources are used to produceit.参考译文因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了生产什么样的产品，以及如何利用资源来制造这种产品。3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducingits cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered byseiler-producers,which in turn will lower the pric
4、e and permit moreconsumers to buy the product.参考译文另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。4.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces notonly the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price
5、 of a product or to make a freecontract with another private individual.参考译文在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体（经济单位）自由签定合同的权利。5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest andwhich employers are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffingassignments
6、 to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferredcustomers for promotional campaigns.参考译文同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高,这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们（计算机）也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。6.Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazinepublishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,br
7、ingbetter and more efficient services to consumers through the use ofcomputers.参考译文不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from othersof the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential,their
8、 education must be adapted to those differences.参考译文残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public educationover the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our societythat all citizens,whatever their special conditions,d
9、eserve theopportunity to fully develop their capabilities.参考译文在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonableprice,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possibleto provide for
10、 export at competitive prices.参考译文它（广告）能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以（使公司）建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern theterms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product thatfails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
11、参考译文除去议会有2 7件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itselfwould be difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail suchas the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertisingwound be so boring that no one
12、 wound pay any attention.参考译文如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。12.The workers who gets a promotion,the student whose grades improve,the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of peoplewho have measurable results to s
13、how for there efforts.参考译文得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。13.As families move away from their stable community,their friends ofmany years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow ofinformation is cut off,and with it the confidence that information willbe availabl
14、e when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.参考译文随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。14.The individual now has more information available than any generation,and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his orher specific problem is c
15、omplicated,time一 一consuming,and sometimes evenoverwhelming.参考译文现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招。15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing,andproblems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving theirhomes and/or jobs to travel to a di
16、stant conference site.参考译文通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。16.The current passion for making children compete against theirclassmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system,in whichcompetitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.参考译文
17、现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A 类好像在某个方面要比他们B 类的同辈更胜一筹。17.While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether youreducation,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him toemploy you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderlyand reasonably connected
18、manner.参考译文在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的商品和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcastingorganization,at least for the time being,but its role,its size and itsprograms are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.参考译文英
19、国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。19.The debate was launched by the Government,which invited anyone withan opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewer to say whatwas good or bad about the Corporation,and even whether they thought itwas worth keeping.参考
20、译文这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。2 0.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaginga large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiencythat so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second andth
21、ird generation after the energetic founders.参考译文这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它（这种变化）防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人（领导公司）的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。2 1.Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,anelement in nati
22、onal life representing irresponsible wealth detached fromthe land and the duties of the landowners:and almost equally detachedfrom the responsible management of business.参考译文这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。2 2.Towns like Bour
23、nemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large“comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes,and who had norelation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividendsand occasionally attending a shareholders，meeting to dictate theirorders to the management.参考译文像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为
24、了给那些数量很多的舒适阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。2 3.The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives,thoughtsor needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares,and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.参考译文这样的股东
25、对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。2 4.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relationwith the men and their demands,but even he had seldom that familiarpersonal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had underthe more patriarchal system of the ol
26、d family business now passing away.参考译文代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度卜的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。2 5.Among the many shaping factors,I would single out the countrysexcellent elementary schools:a labor force that welcomed the newtechnology；the practice of giv
27、ing premiums to inventors;and above allthe American genius for nonverbal,“spatial thinking about thingstechnological.参考译文在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、空间性的”思考方面的天赋。2 6.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,A technologist thinks aboutobjects that can not be r
28、educed to unambiguous verbal descriptions:theya r e d e a l t w i t h i n h i s m i n d b y a v i s u a l,n o n v e r b a l p r o c e s s.T h e d e s i g n e ra n d t h e i n v e n t o r.,a r e a b l e t o a s s e m b l e a n d m a n i p u l a t e i n t h e i r m i n d sd e v i c e s t h a t a s y e
29、 t d o n o t e x i s t”.参考译文正如尤金弗格森所指出的那样：一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的设计者和发明者能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”2 7.R o b e r t F ul t o n o n c e wr o t e,“T h e m e c h a n i c s h o ul d s i t d o wn a m o n g l e ve r s,s c r e ws,we d g e s,wh e e l,e t c,l i k e a p o e t
30、a m o n g t h e l e t t e r s o f t h e a l p h a b e t,c o n s i d e r i n g t h e m a s a n e xh i b i t i o n o f h i s t h o ug h t s,i n wh i c h a n e wa r r a n g e m e n t t r a n s m i t s a n e w i d e a”.参考译文罗伯特法欧特曾经这样写到：一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的
31、次序安排都传达了一种新的思想。2 8.I n t h e l a s t t h r e e c h a p t e r s,h e t a k e s o f f h i s g l o ve s a n d g i ve s t h ec r e a t i o n i s t s a g o o d b e a t i n g.H e d e s c r i b e s t h e i r p r o g r a m s a n d,t a c t i c s,a n d,f o r t h o s e un f a m i l i a r wi t h t h e wa y s o f
32、 c r e a t i o n i s t s,t h e e xt e n t o ft h e i r d e c e p t i o n a n d d i s t o r t i o n m a y c o m e a s a n un p l e a s a n t s ur p r i s e.参考译文在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。2 9.O n t h e d us t j a c k e t o f t h i s
33、f i n e b o o k,S t e p h e n J a y G o ul d s a y s:T h i sb o o k s t a n d s f o r r e a s o n i t s e l f.z z A n d s o i t d o e s-a n d a l l wo un d b e we l l we r er e a s o n t h e o n l y j ud g e i n t h e c r e a t i o n i s m/e vo l ut i o n d e b a t e.参考译文在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬杰伊古尔德写道：这本书
34、本身就代表理性。而它确实是这样的一而且如果理性成为神造论/地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。3 0.A f t e r s i x m o n t h s o f a r g ui n g a n d f i n a l 16 h o ur s o f h o t p a r l i a m e n t a r yd e b a t e s,A us t r a l i a s N o r t h e r n T e r r i t o r y b e c a m e t h e f i r s t l e g a l a ut h o r i t yi n t h e w
35、o r l d t o a l l o w d o c t o r s t o t a k e t h e l i ve s o f i n c ur a b l y i l l p a t i e n t swh o wi s h t o d i e.参考译文经过了六个月的争论以及最后16 个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。3 1.S o m e h a v e b r e a t h e d s i g h s o f r e l i e f,o t h e r s,i n c l u d i n g c h u r c h
36、 e s,r i g h t-t o-l i f e g r o u p s a n d t h e A u s t r a l i a n M e d i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n,b i t t e r l yattacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikelyto turn back.参考译文一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。32.In Austr
37、alia-where an aging population,life-extending technologyand changing community attitudes have all played their partother statesare going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.参考译文在澳大利亚一人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。33.There are,of course,exceptions.Small
38、一 一minded officials,rudewaiters,and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yetit is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.参考译文当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这使得它值得被讨论一下。34.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of
39、 substances(drugs)is pervasive:an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to besociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.参考译文我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里：一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。35.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,with more and
40、more of the substance required to produce the desired effect,and thenby the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substanceis discontinued.参考译文对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药症状的出现。36.“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?SenatorRobe
41、rt Dole asked Time Warner executives last week.You have sold yoursouls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”参考译文上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们：“难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?3 7.“Th e t e s t o f a n y d e m o c r a t i c s o c i e t y,h e w r o
42、t e i n a Wa l l St r e e t Jo u r n a lc o l u m n ,l i e s n o t i n h o w w e l l i t c a n c o n t r o l e x p r e s s i o n b u t i n w h e t h e ri t g i v e s f r e e d o m o f t h o u g h t a n d e x p r e s s i o n t h e w i d e s t p o s s i b l e l a t i t u d e,h o w e v e r d i s p u t
43、a b l e o r i r r i t a t i n g t h e r e s u l t s m a y s o m e t i m e s b e.z z 参考译文对任何一个民主社会的考验，他在 华尔街杂志的一个专栏文章中写到，不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快3 8.Du r i n g t h e d i s c u s s i o n o f r o c k s i n g i n g v e r s e s a t l a s t m o n t h ss t o c k
44、 h o l d e r s m e e t i n g,Le v i n a s s e r t e d t h a t m u s i c i s n o t t h e c a u s e o fs o c i e t y s i l l s a n d e v e n c i t e d h i s s o n,a t e a c h e r i n t h e Br o n x,Ne w Y o r k,w h o u s e s r a p t o c o m m u n i c a t e w i t h s t u d e n t s.参考译文在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词
45、的讨论中，莱文宣称说：音乐不是社会问题的原因，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。3 9.Mu c h o f t h e l a n g u a g e u s e d t o d e s c r i b e m o n e t a r y p o l i c y,s u c h a s“s t e e r i n g t h e e c o n o m y t o a s o f t l a n d i n g o f t o u c h o n t h e b r a k e s”,m a k e si t s o u n d l i
46、 k e a p r e c i s e s c i e n c e.No t h i n g c o u l d b e f u r t h e r f r o m t h e t r u t h.参考译文有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如轻踩刹车 以 操纵经济软着陆“，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。4 0.Ec o n o m i s t s h a v e b e e n p a r t i c u l a r l y s u r p r i s e d b y f a v o r a b l e i n f l a t i o nf i g u r
47、 e s i n B r i t a i n a n d t h e Un i t e d S t a t e s,s i n c e,c o n v e n t i o n a l m e a s u r e ss u g g e s t t h a t b o t h e c o n o m i e s,a n d e s p e c i a l l y A m e r i c a，s,h a v e l i t t l ep r o d u c t i v e s l a c k.参考译文经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国
48、的经济，几乎没有生产萧条的时候。4 1.Th e m o s t t h r i l l i n g e x p l a n a t i o n i s,u n f o r t u n a t e l y,a l i t t l e d e f e c t i v e.S o m e e c o n o m i s t s a r g u e t h a t p o w e r f u l s t r u c t u r a l c h a n g e s i n t h e w o r l d h a v eu p e n d e d t h e o l d e c o n o m i c
49、m o d e l s t h a t w e r e b a s e d u p o n t h e h i s t o r i c a l l i n kb e t w e e n g r o w t h a n d i n f l a t i o n.参考译文很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。42.The Aswan Dam,for example,stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile silt t
50、hat floods left-all in return for a giantreservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generateselectricity.参考译文例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥一这些换到的就是这么个疾病滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。43.New ways of organizing the workplace-all that re-engineering anddownsizing-are only