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1、句子成分简单句并列句和复合句第1 页，本讲稿共23 页（二）主语：主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体(即动作的执行者 动作的执行者），一般位于句首 句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the
2、students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）第2 页，
3、本讲稿共23 页（三）谓语谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词 动词在句中作谓语谓语，一般放在主语之后。主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.第3 页，本讲稿共23 页（四）表语：（四）表语：表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态主语
4、的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,look,smell,sound,taste,become,get,grow,turn,seem 等）之后之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned coldcold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job
5、 is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of orderout of order.（介词短语）Time is up.The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）第4 页，本讲稿共23 页（五）宾语：宾语宾语表示 动作的对象或承爱者 动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面后面。例如：1.They went to see an exhibition（展览）ye
6、sterday.（名词）2.The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（数词）4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）5.He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）6.I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）7.I think（that）he is fit for hi
7、s office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（宾语种类：（11）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语).).例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.第5 页，本讲稿共23 页（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式
8、、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：1.His father named him Dongming.（名词）2.They painted their boat white.（形容词）3.Let the fresh air in.（副词）4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）5.We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）6.We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）7.We will soon make our city what your
9、 city is now.（从句）第6 页，本讲稿共23 页（七）定语：（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语词、短语或 从句 从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）5.The teach
10、ing plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）6.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）8.The film(that/which that/which I saw yesterday I saw yesterday)was very interesting.(定语从句)第7 页，本讲稿共23 页（八）状语（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或
11、整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）2.He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）4.He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）5.Wait a minute.（名词）6.Once you begin,you must continue.
12、（状语从句）状语种类如下：状语种类如下：7.How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）8.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）9.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）10.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）第8 页，本讲稿共23 页11.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）12.She came i
13、n with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）13.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）14.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）15.She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）16.I am taller than he is.（比较状语）第9 页，本讲稿共23 页指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the scho
14、ol bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is
15、to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.第10 页，本讲稿共23 页11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.第11 页，本讲稿共23 页