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1、句子成分简单句并列句和复合句第1页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（二）主语：（二）主语：主语主语主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体(即即动作的执行者动作的执行者动作的执行者动作的执行者），一般位于句首句首句首句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语主语主语主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak Engl
2、ish in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign la
3、nguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）第2页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（三）谓语谓语谓语谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词动词动词动词在句中作谓语谓语谓语谓语，一般放在主语之后。主语之后。主语之后。主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practicespractices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keepmay keep the book for two weeks.He has has caughtcaught
4、 a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are studentsare students.第3页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（四）表语：（四）表语：（四）表语：（四）表语：表语表语表语表语用以说明用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态主语的身份、特征和状态主语的身份、特征和状态主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般，它一般位于位于系动词（如系动词（如be,look,smell,sound,taste,become,get,grow,turn,seem等）等）之后之后之后之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短
5、语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an AmericanAmerican.（名词）（名词）Is it yours?（代词）（代词）The weather has turned coldcold.（形容词）（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）His hobby（爱好）（爱好）is playing footba
6、ll.（动名词）（动名词）The machine must be out of orderout of order.（介词短语）（介词短语）Time is up.The class is over.（副词）（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）第4页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（五）宾语五）宾语：宾语宾语宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者动作的对象或承爱者动作的对象或承爱者动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面后面后面后面。例如：1.They went to see an exhibition（展览）y
7、esterday.（名词）2.The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（数词）4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）5.He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）6.I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）7.I think（that）he is fit for h
8、is office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（宾语种类：（宾语种类：（宾语种类：（1 1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语直接宾语直接宾语).).例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.第5页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（六）宾语补足语：（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾
9、语补语，才能使句子的意义完整语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：1.His father named him Dongming.（名词）2.They painted their boat white.（形容词）3.Let the fresh air in.（副词）4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to
10、you.（不定式短语）5.We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）6.We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）第6页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（七）定语：（七）定语：（七）定语：（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语词、短语词、短语词、短语或从句从句从句从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）2.China is a de
11、veloping country;America is a developed country.（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）5.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）6.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）7.He is reading an
12、article about how to learn English.（介词短语）8.The film(that/whichthat/which I saw yesterdayI saw yesterday)was very interesting.(定语从句定语从句)第7页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（八）状语（八）状语（八）状语（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels most quickly.（
13、副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词性词组）2.He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）（介词短语）3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）4.He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）（分词短语）5.Wait a minute.（名词）（名词）6.Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）（状语从句）状语种类如下：状语种类如下：状语种类如
14、下：状语种类如下：7.How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）（时间状语）8.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）（原因状语）9.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）（条件状语）10.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）（地点状语）第8页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六11.She put the eggs into the basket with great car
15、e.（方式状语）12.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）13.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）14.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）15.She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）16.I am taller than he is.（比较状语）第9页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指
16、出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There i
17、s going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.第10页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be h
18、onest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.第11页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六()1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the
19、 man B.The man here now C.The man who is here now D.The man is here now()2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and cold D.were wet and cold()3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.The actor _
20、at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.deaded第12页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六()6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that
21、D.that is()9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked D.was looked()10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A.that B.when C.in which D.where第13页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六简单句、并列句和复合句简单句、并列句和复合句(一一)句子种类两种分类法句子种类两种分类法1 1、按句子的、按句子的用途用途用途用途可分四种：可分四种：1 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six year
22、s old;She didnt hear of you before.2 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,cant she?3 3）祈使句：）祈使句：Be careful,boys;Dont talk in class4 4）感叹句：）感叹句：How clever the boy is!第14页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六2、按句子的、按句子的结构结构结构结构可分三种：可分三种：1）简单句：
23、只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.2)并列句：由并列连词（并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道
24、路是曲折的。前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.第15页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（二）简单句的五种基本句型（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语、主语+系动词系动词+表语：表语
25、：e.g.He is a student.2、主语、主语+不及物动词：不及物动词：e.g.We work.3、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语：宾语：e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：直接宾语）：e.g.My father bought me a car.5、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+复合宾语（宾语复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：宾补）：e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变
26、化或省略而构成。成。第16页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六（三）并列句的分类（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then等连接。等连接。e.g.The teachers name is Smith,and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise 等。等。e.g.Hurry up,or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有表示转折，常用的连词有but,s
27、till,however,yet,while,when等。等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。等。e.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.第17页，共23页，编辑于20
28、22年，星期六（四）中考考点探讨（四）中考考点探讨1 1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2 2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是中考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是中考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体
29、来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。发展趋势。3 3、中考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。、中考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：如：and,but,or,whileand,but,or,while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与以宾语从句与以宾语
30、从句与以宾语从句与状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句最为明显最为明显最为明显最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来，这一点在中考中经主句是将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来，这一点在中考中经常考查。常考查。（主将从现）（主将从现）（主将从现）（主将从现）如：如：We will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.第18页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history
31、 on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was
32、 yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.第19页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六()1.Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A.and B.o
33、r C.if D.so()2.Its the third time that John has been late,_?A.hasnt he B.isnt he C.isnt it D.hasnt it()3._ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A.How B.What C.What a D.What an()4.Let us pass,_?A.shant we B.shall we C.wont w D.will you()5.I suppose hes serious,_?A.do I B.dont IC.is he D.isnt he第20
34、页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六()6.You had better not smoke here,_?A.will you B.had you C.shall you D.have you()7.Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A.then B.but C.and D.or()8.Im sorry to have to say this,_ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A.and B.bu
35、t C.so D.because()9.John has not yet passed the driving test,and _.A.Henry hasnt too B.Henry also has not either C.neither Henry has D.neither has Henry()10.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others enjoy swimming.A.or B.forC.while D.so第21页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六()11.-Do you
36、feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?-Id like to go out.A.or B.and C.butD.so()12.-“_ is the temperature today?”-“Its 38 degrees.”A.Which B.How C.How hot D.How high()13.-Your uncle isnt an engineer,is he?-_.A.Yes,he isntB.No,he isntC.No,he is D.He is()14._ friendly _ to everyone
37、!A.How,is sheB.What,is sheC.How,she isD.What,she is()15.Mary went to bed early,_ she felt very tired.A.or B.soC.of D.yet第22页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六()16.Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.was makingB.makesC.is making D.made()17.He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A.but B.andC.or D
38、.yet()18.-Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.-_ what you want and I can get it for you.A.Tell me B.If you would say to me C.You will tell me D.If you tell me()19.As he is strong,_ can lift one hundred pounds.A.yet he B.but he C.andD.he()20.-I thought you had an umbrella.-I had,_ Ive lost it.A.since B.butC.because D.so第23页，共23页，编辑于2022年，星期六