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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载句子成分。简洁句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和谓语。次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语： 主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句（当 主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中， 主语位于谓语、 助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、 代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。（找出以下句子的主语：）During the 199
2、0s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）We often speak English in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （ 不 定 式 ） Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）When we are
3、going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （ it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：（找出以下句子的谓语） 1、简洁谓语： 由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（ 1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the
4、book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （ 2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。（找出以下句子的表语）Our teacher of English is an American. （名词）This is yours. （代词）The weather has turned col
5、d. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （分词）Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式）His hobby （爱好） is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order. （介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. （副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语 ：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位
6、于及物动词和介词后面。（找出以下句子的宾语）They went to see an exhibition （展览） yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have. I have five.（数词）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word
7、精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词短语）I think （that） he is fit for his office. （宾语从句）宾语种类：（ 1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please.（ 2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例
8、如： They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，仍要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make 等 +宾语 +宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。（找出以下句子的宾语补足语）His father named him Dongming. （名词） They painted their boat white. （形容词） Let the fresh air in. （副词）You mustn t force him to lend his
9、 money to yo（u. 不定式短语） We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：（找出以下句子的定语）Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed
10、country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school. （名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （ 动 名 词 ） He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短
11、语） There sbeaautiful girl who came to see you this morning.（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特点的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：（找出以下句子的状语）Light travels most quickly. （ 副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. （不定式短语）He is in the ro
12、om making a model plane. （分词短语）Wait a minute. （名词）Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） 状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six. （时间状语）Last night she didn t go to the dance party because of （the原r因ain状. 语）I shall go the re if it doesn（条t ra件in状. 语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（的点状语）可编辑资料 - -
13、- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand. （相伴状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work h
14、arder. （目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语）She works very hard though she is old. （让步状语）I am taller than he is. （比较状语）练习一：用符号划出以下短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（） 、宾语（） ：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August
15、 is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights ofour tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machin
16、es on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only twomen working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a
17、well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.二、用符号划出以下短文各句中的定语（ ）、状语（） 、补语（） ：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great. Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opini
18、on. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party.In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many differenttime areas do
19、you have in China. Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.二、简洁句、并列句和复合句1）简洁句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.简洁句的五种基本句型1、
20、主语 +系动词 +表语： e.g. He is a student. 2、主语 +不及物动词： e.g. We work.3、主语 +及物动词 +宾语： e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）： e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语（宾语+宾补）： e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。2 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（。 ）把两个或两个以上的简洁句连
21、在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not onlybut also, nei
22、thern等or连接,。theen.g.The teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is John.2、表示挑选，常用的连词有or, eitheror, other等wi。see.g. Hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classe
23、s lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系， 常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for riveharvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great W
24、all. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.What the police want to know is when you entered the room.练习一、判定以下句子是简洁句、并列句仍是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his s
25、eat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mi
26、nd, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn t it.9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.定语从句背诵：1.“公园是公众休闲的的方。People need a placewhere they can rest and enjoy themselves.2.如收门票，需建大门、围墙、会影响城市形象Charging entrance fee
27、s willno doubt keep some people away. What is more, it willbecome necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.3.扩宽的路面占农的多。Widen roads may take up too much land that should have been made use of to support food.4.例如，街道因车辆多而拥挤不堪，不仅引起交通事故，每年造成大量的人员伤亡，而且私家车仍制造噪音，排放
28、废气。For example, the streets are crowded with cars. They not only cause trafficaccidents which injure or kill a large number of people each year,but also make great noise and give off many poisonous gases.5.世界杯总决赛是最受欢迎的世界体育盛事，从 1930 年以来每四年举办一次，除 1942 年和 1946年时由于其次世界大战被取消The World Cup final competitio
29、n, which has been held every four years since 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was cancelled due to World War II,is the most popular sporting event in the world.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载