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1、UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGEram续写语料积累XUXIE YULIAO JILEI增 厚 文 学 底 蕴背诵句之美欣赏语之秀1.（行为描写）（2021石家庄市质量检测）W hent he m achi ne fi nal l y st art ed w orki ng properl y,Ibreathed a sigh of relief and asked about t heservi ce charge.2.（心理描写）（2021 辽宁省六校协作体模拟）Hel ooked at t he fence,and all joy left him.3.（景物描写）
2、（2021 福州市质量检测）Beautifulwhite flowers surrounded t hem with freshscent.（2021 佛山市质量检测）Shecouldn，t be more excited.She kept i m agi ni ng t hei rm eet i ng一how t hey w oul drun t ow ards each ot herhugging and talking of theold times.A s she i m agi ned,happiness spread throughher body.基础知识梳理JICHU ZHIS
3、HI SHULI 构 建 知 识 体 系课标单词背诵（先填后背）1.wage n.工资2.皿办严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3.aboard adv.&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）4.cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5.bl anket n.毯子6.navy n.海军；海军部队7.decent adj.相当不错的;正派的；得体的8.genui ne adj.真正的;真诚的；可信赖的9.resol ut i on n.决议；解决；坚定10.crew n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人1 1.”a办残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的12.furni t ure n.家具13
4、.fort unat el y adv.幸运地14.皿 次.&.（狗）吠叫；吠 口”声15.rugby n.橄榄球运动16.bat n.球拍；蝙蝠式.用球板击球；挥打；拍打17.dam p adj.潮湿的；湿气重的18.recreat i on n.娱乐；消遣；游戏19.nephew n.侄子；外甥20.advert i se vt.&oi.公布;宣传；做广告21.corporat e adi.公司的;法人的；社团的22.m ot or n.发动机；马 达。的.有引擎的；机动车的23.candi dat e n.候选人；应试者24.epi sode n.（人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段；插曲
5、 m i t m ent n.承诺；保证；奉献26.Confuci ani sm n.孔子学说；儒家（学说）单词拼写运用核心单词语境运用1.assi gn ot.分派;布置；分配2.envy n.羡慕；妒忌3.abandon vt,舍弃；抛弃；放弃4.si nk vi.沉没:下沉；下降”使下沉；使沉没5.voyage n.&oi.航海；航行用所给词的适当形式填空。1.M y heart sank(si nk)as I heard t he news t hat Ifai l ed i n t he exam i nat i on.2.Onl y she has access t o such
6、preci ous resources,whi ch i s envi ed(envy)by her fel l ows.3.The fat her i s t ryi ng hi s best t o prevent hi s sonabandoni ng(abandon)hi m sel f t o t he Int ernet.4.A l t hough I had read t he book assi gned(assi gn)by t he t eacher several t i m es,i t di dn?t m ake anysense t o m e.5.M any m
7、ore voyages(voyage)of di scovery areal so needed,especi al l y i n t he vast expanses of t hesout hern seas.高 考 热 点，熟 词 生 义 选出/体字句中的正确汉诵索辱派生单词语境运用1.bel ong vi.属 于；应归于-bel ongi ngs n.pl.财物；动产2.gui de n.导 游”.引导；带领f gui dance .指导；引导；导航3.resol ve vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）小决心；坚定的信念f resol ut i on n.决议；解决；坚定
8、4.endure v.容忍，忍 而 寸 f endurance.忍耐力；耐久力5.persevere应坚持；孜孜以求perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神6.ent husi ast i c a力,热情的;热心的ent husi asm n.热情7.t horough a以深入的；彻底的；细致的f t horoughl y adv.完全地；极度地；彻底地；仔细地；详尽地8.m ot i ve n.动机；原因；目的-motivation n.动 机；积极性motivated a力.有动机的;有积极性的用所给词的适当形式填空。1.The lockers,which belong
9、to our travelagency,are available to store any belongingsso that tourists can feel safe and have a senseof belonging during their visit,(belong)2.We have made a resolve to find anappropriate resolution to the conflict,but itdoes take much time for it to be resolvedpeacefully,(resolve)3.Motivation an
10、d goal setting are the twosides of the same coin,but staying motivatedis the key to achieving the goal,(motivate)4.It was the teacher，s detailed guidance andexcellent teaching that guided us in the rightdirection toward final success,(guide)5.Countless failures did not make him lose hisenthusiasm fb
11、r inventions.On the contrary,he has become more enthusiastic than everbefore,(enthusiastic)1.（2021 新高考卷 I）Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in theother slice of bread.CA.缓慢下沉B.心情沉重C.洗碗槽2.（2020江苏卷）For many British people,that can apply to institutions andobjects that represent their c
12、ountry，s past一age-old castles,splendid homes.andred phone boxes.BA.申请 B.适用 C.涂抹3.（2019天津卷）Erin had gone beyond what almost anyone would have done,finding my house on a bitterly cold night,and for that I was extremely grateful.CA.苦涩地B.愤怒地c.极其 短 语 理解运用高频短语语境运用1.turn sb.down 拒绝（某人）2.dream of/about 梦想着.
13、3.to one，s surprise 令某人惊讶的是4.turnback翻回到；拒绝；阻挡5.（be）stuck in 陷入；困于6.be enthusiastic about 对.充满热情7.from bad to worse 每况愈下8.hold o n不挂断电话，等一下；继续9.make fire 生火10.give o f f放出（热、光、气味或气体）选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1.On the edge of the jacket,there is apiece of cloth that gives off light in thedark.2.There is no denyi
14、ng that their quality oflife has gone from bad to worse.3.All I can do is tell her to hold on and lether know that there，s light at the end of thetunnel.4.After two days stuck in the snow,Nicholas was saved by a volunteersearcher.5.He intended to join the army but wasturnnd down because of his poor
15、health.句m t辨识运用教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1.It is/was an honour to do sth.it was considered a great在奥运会上为祖国赢得奖牌被认为是一种莫大的荣誉。重唯考点探究ZHONGNAN KAODIAN TANJIU 突 破 思 维 瓶 颈honour to be part of hisexpeditions.It is considered a great honour to win medalsfor the motherland at the Olympics.2.It happens that.Well,it so happen
16、ed that onemorning I bought a newspaper andread the advertisement about theAntarctic expedition.我们打电话时她刚巧不在家。It so happened that she was out when wecalled.3.if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气If it weren，t for sea animals,wewould all starve.如果没有来自太阳的热量，地球就会变成一个冰球。If it weren,t for the heat from the sun,theearth would be
17、 a frozen ball.1.assign，.课本义 分派;布置;分配 增补义 确定；转让 高考原旬2019天津卷 Occasionally,I would read a novel that was assigned9but I didn，t enjoy this type of reading.(l)assign sb.sth.=assign sth.to sb.安排/分配某事(物)给某人assign sb.to.指派某人承担.；把某人分派到.assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事(2)assignment n.任务；作业；分配It，s difficult to ass
18、ign any reason for the failure.失败的原因很难确定。p.语块存储.assign the best man to the job指派最优秀的人担任这项工作be assigned to help with peacekeeping 被；?派去协助维护和平assign copyright to the publisher 将版权转让给出版商 基础练习 单句语法填空In her study,participants were randomly assigned to two groups.He is serious about every task assigned(as
19、sign)to him and has a strong abilityto solve problems.(3)One man was assigned to operate(operate)each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.链接写作 一 完 成 句 子去年,我被分配到我母亲家附近的一个办公室工作，所以我和她待了一个月。Last year,I was assigned to work at an office near my mother，s house,so Istayed with her for a month.2.envy n.&”羡慕；妒忌
20、(l)be the envy o f成为羡慕/嫉妒的对象(2)envy sb.sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人的.envy sb.doing sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人做某事(3)envious a d j.羡慕的；妒忌的be envious of 羡慕/嫉妒.Don，t waste your time being eaten up with envy.不要为嫉妒所吞噬而白白让时间溜走。.语块存储.envy him his good looks羡慕他长得英俊envy you having a close family羡慕你有一个亲密的家庭be the envy of the world 令世人所羡慕l_)基
21、础练习 一 单 句 语 法 填 空I bought a new type of mobile phone,which was the envy of all mycolleagues.Aged people are always envious(envy)of young people5 s energy andenthusiasm.Many people envied me going(go)abroad fbr further studies,which in factwas to change my life.链接写作 完成句子他们羡慕我抓住了那个展现自己才能的机会。They envie
22、d me seizing the opportunity to show my talents.中国的基础教育体制令很多西方国家很羡慕。Chinas basic education system is thn envy of many western countries.3.abandon 课本义“舍弃；抛弃；放弃 增补义历力中止；陷 入n.放任；放纵 高考原旬2020江苏卷 LoveFone,a company that advocates repairingcellphones rather than abandoning them,opened a mini workshop in a
23、London phonebox in 2016.(l)abandon(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事abandon oneself to(doing)sth.沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事(2)abandoned。的.无约束的；无度的；放荡的be abandoned to(doing)sth.沉湎于(做)某事was about to abandon hope when my father came and encouraged me to keepgoing.我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。.语块存储.be abandoned by his mother 被他母
24、亲抛弃give the order to abandon ship 发布弃船的命令abandon himself to despair 陷入绝望 基础练习 单句语法填空The girl disappeared but her hired car was found abandoned(abandon)at thefoot of a small rise.(2)1 heard that you had abandoned carrying(carry)out the plan because you wereshort of money.(3)Most of the young men aban
25、doned themselves(they)to the pleasure and forgotall about the time.链接写作 句式升级(普通表达)He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn，t pass theexam.(高级表达)Abandoning himself to the Internet games,he didn，t pass theexam.（现在分词短语作状语）（高级表达）Abandoned to the Internet games,he didnt pass the exam.（ii去分词短语作
26、状语）4.guidance n.指导；引导；导航（l）under the guidance of sb.=under ones guidance 在某人的指导下guide”&儿 给某人领路；指导；解释；指南；向导guide sb.to.领某人去.（to为介词）He introduced me to his children,one of whom offered to go with me as a guide.他把我介绍给他的孩子们，其中一个答应和我一起去，做我的向导。.语块存储.under the guidance of a tutor 在导师指导下need guidance on how
27、 to handle the problem 需要处理该问题的指导guide us around the museum领我们参观博物馆 基础练习 单句语法填空The company，s“Oshbot”robot is built to help guide customers to theproduct，s location in the store.The students were encouraged to tackle tough problems under theguidance（guide）of gifted teachers.Join a guided（guide）bike t
28、our and view some of the most popular monumentsin Washington D.C.链接写作 句式升级（普通表达）We were guided by a local leader and visited the splendid statue.（高级表达）Guided by a local leader,we visited the splendid statue.（过去分词短语作状语）（高级表达）With a local leader guiding us,we visited the splendid statue.（with复合结构）（高级表
29、达）Under the guidance of a local leader,we visited the splendidstatue.（介词短语作状语）（高级表达）A local leader guiding us,we visited the splendid statue.（独立主格结构）5.turn sb.down 拒绝（某人）turndown关小，调低；拒绝turn over移交；翻转turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；结果是turn up开大，调高；出现（2020全国卷 II 听力）1 was turned down everywhere,except at one publish
30、er,where a young woman told me I wasn，t very good.我到处碰壁，只有在一家出版社那里，一位女士告诉我我还不够好。语块存储turn down their request拒绝他们的要求have your radio turned down把你收音机的音量调低turn out fine最终会好起来I I 基础练习 单句语法填空Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously.Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last
31、weekend because he wastoo busy.Thousands turned out to watch yesterday?s match against Ireland.链接写作 词汇升级（普通表达）When you are in trouble,you can ask the monitor fbr help.（高级表达）When you are in trouble,you can turn to the monitor for help.6.give off放出（热、光、气味或气体）give back归还，使恢复give away赠送；泄露give out分发；耗尽；
32、公布；发出give up放弃；停止When they die,plants give off gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.植物死亡的时候会散发出二氧化碳和甲烷等气体。.语块存储.give off a bad smell发出难闻的气味give away many books for nothing 无偿捐出很多书籍give out a scream of pain 疼得大叫一声l_)基础练习 单句语法填空The moon,for example,does not give off any light of its own.If a perso
33、n has not had enough sleep,his actions will give him away duringthe day.The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was given out on theradio yesterday.链接写作 完成句子水可以吸收和释放大量的热量，而温度不会发生大的变化，从而创造一个稳定的环境。Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature,thus creat
34、ing a stable environment.关键能力评估GUANJIAN NENGLI PINGGU 强 化 运 用 技 能夯基固本一基础落实I.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.For each assignment(assign),I was to write the best essay I could.2.He envied(envy)her-she seemed to have everything she could possiblywant.3.High school students will need careful guidance(guide)on their choic
35、e ofoptional subjects.4.How I envied them taking(take)an extra day off so that they could go toDisneyland!5.r d rather not talk about it too much because I want to avoid giving(give)trade secrets away.6.However,these plans to restore the ancient temple we】e abandoned(abandon)because financial proble
36、ms arose.7.Occasionally,I would read a novel that was assigned(assign),but I didn，tenjoy this type of reading.8.Despite the bad weather,the rescue team did not abandon searching(search)for the earthquake victims.9.Dr.Smith was assigned to take(take)charge of the sales department lastmonth.10.The boy
37、 has abandoned himself to playing(play)computer games,missingschool frequently.II.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1.To be frank,I like the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.2.She abandoned herself to grief after her husband died of heart trouble.3.Betty was envious of her sister s new fashionable dress.4.M
38、y strength is giving out so I can，t accompany you to the bookstore asplanned.5.Body language can give away a lot about your mood,so standing with yourarms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.查缺补漏知识拾遗I .用所给词的正确形式填空。1.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer(c
39、heer)us up.2.(2019,全国卷111)111。丫 reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto thetowns central square,creating an area of sunlight roughly(rough)600 square meters.3.(2020新高考卷 I)In this book,he includes the loss of the space shuttlesChallenger and Columbia,and the sinking(sink)of the Titanic.4.One afte
40、rnoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck(stick)going over a fence.5.(2019全国卷 I)You could apply to be(be)a Stewardship Youth Ranger andwork on local natural resource management projects fbr eight weeks this summer.II.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1.(2018全国卷 II)We can，t forget that deep relations
41、hips wouldnt even existif it weren?t for casual conversation.2.(2019北京卷)Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created,and shesalso positive about what the future might bring.3.(2018全国卷HI)Much to the family，s surprise,Dennis stuck to his promise!4.(2018-IUII)Exercising makes you more awake and re
42、ady to handlewhatever is ahead of you for the day.5.The companys commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price hasbeen vital to his success.强技提能语言应用I.语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。My nephew Bill led a decent and cosy life,but he was full of vigour and oftenshowed grea
43、t courage in adversity.Being particularly 1.enthusiastic(enthusiasm)about adventures,he had been dreaming of making a voyage.At age 21,Billresolved to join an expedition,2.where he was assigned as a steward earning thelowest wage.On a 3.bitterly(bitter)cold day,the crew got aboard a ship bound forAf
44、rica.Bill was good-tempered and loyal 4.to his duty.Moreover,he was notselfish,always 5.showing(show)genuine concern for others.Thats why everyoneon board liked him.Unfortunately,the ship got crushed by an iceberg and wasabout 6.to sink(sink),At this critical moment,the qualified captain made acommi
45、tment to take the crew to safety,expecting them never to abandon the hopeof survival.All belongings 7.were thrown(throw)away except for the small boats,food,stoves and blankets.They landed on a desert island after three days at sea.Youcouldn，t imagine how much they had suffered in such cruel 8.condi
46、tions(condition).It was their discipline and team spirit as well as their 9.endurance(endure)andperseverance that counted for their ultimate survival.A month later,they wererescued by a passing ship.It was a miserable 10.but unforgettable episode in Bilf slife.n.文本写作Step 1.要 点 提 示（利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子）逆境
47、使人成长，而痛苦的经历使人变得更加成熟。Adversity allows ovople to grow,while bitter experiences make people moremature.玛丽和彼得都热衷于探险，计划坐小船去一个荒岛探险。Mary and Peter,both enthusiastic about exploration,planned an expedition toan abandoned island by boat.上周三，他们出发前往该岛，但在途中遇到了暴风雨，船几乎沉没。Last Wednesday,they set off for the island
48、,but on the way they encountered astorm and the boat almost sank.幸运的是，他们最终成功地登上了该岛。Fortunately,they finally succeeded in landing on the island.他们进入了森林，在那里晚上要睡在树上而不是舒适的床上。They went into the forest,where they had to sleep in trees at night instead ofcosy beds.他们以极大的毅力完成了痛苦的旅程，从中受益匪浅。With great perseve
49、rance they completed the miserable journey,from which theybenefited a great deal.Step 2.衔 接 成 文（利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇）Adversity allows people to grow,while bitter experiences make people moremature.Mary and Peter,both enthusiastic about exploration,planned an expeditionto an abandoned island by boat.Last
50、Wednesday,they set off for the island,but onthe way they encountered a storm and the boat almost sank.Fortunately,they finallysucceeded in landing on the island.Then,they went into the forest,where they hadto sleep in trees at night instead of cosy beds.With great perseverance theycompleted the mise