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1、国S IS画 画 阑 口 画UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（主题语境：人与社会取得伟大成就的人物）课前自主预习I .单词巧练I写准并记牢高考与教材分类识记课标词汇（一）重点词汇一我会写1.crucial a4.至关重要的；关键性的2.vital”力.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3.obtain”.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得加.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行4.defeat n,失败；挫败”.击败；战胜5.insist vi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求6.mostly a而.主要地；一般地7.circumstance n.usually 夕/条件；环境；状况8.flow n
2、.流；流动；流畅；供应式.流；流动9.chart n.图表。/.记录；制订计划10.infer”.推断；推定11.Iheory n.理论；学说12.patent n.专利；专利证书；获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的13.device n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器14.sum 说.总结；概括.金额；款项；总数；总和15.draft n.草稿；草案”.起草；草拟（二）阅读词汇一我会认1.physiology n.生理学；生理机能2.botanical adj.植物学的3.property n.性质；特征；财产4.substance n.物质；物品；事实根据5.flee vi.&u/.（fled
3、,fled）迅速离开；逃跑1.（2021全国新高考 I 卷）In 1934,with thepassage of the Migratory Bird Hunting StampAct（Act）,an increasingly concerned nationtook firm action to stop the destruction ofmigratory（迁 徙 的）waterfowl and thewetlands so vital to their survival.2.（2020-全国卷 I）“This really excitesscientists,“Carle Pieter
4、s,a scientist atBrown University,says,u because it meanswe have the chance lo obtain（obtain）information about how the moon isconstructed.,3.（2020全国卷 I）The kids apparently knowthe truth.But our insisting（insist）ifsmerely a window has kept them fromattempting millions of requests to open thedoor.4.（20
5、20天津卷）What could be inferred（infer）from Paragraph 2 about the effect of theLRAD?5.（2020-江 苏 卷）Then,on two separatemorning visits to the scientists,lab,each manwalked for an hour at an average speed that,in_ theory,should allow his body to relymainly on fat for fuel.6.（2020天津卷）Sound can be used as aw
6、eapon.Imagine that a police officer is chasinga thief.The thief tries to escape.And the officercant let him get away.He pulls out _ aspecial device,points it at the suspect,andswitches it on.The thief drops to the6.numerous adj.众多的；许多的7.relativity n.相对论；相对性8.genius n.天才；天资；天赋9.passion n.酷爱；激情10.extr
7、aordinary adj.不一,般的；非凡的；意想不到的11.moustache n.上唇的胡子；髭12.encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到/?.邂逅；遭遇（三）拓展词汇一我会变mit”.承诺；保证式.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）f committed。力.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的f commitmenl n.奉献；承诺，保证2.academy n.（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校f academic 4力学业的；学术的3.objective n.目标；目的。功.客观的f subjective。力;主观的4.e v a lu a te 评价；评估f evaluat
8、ion n,评价；评估5.distinct 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的f distinctionn.区别，差别；特点，特性6.boil”&式.（使）沸腾；煮开;烧开.沸腾;沸点fboiling 以。达到沸点的；沸腾的7.liquid n.液体如/.液体的；液态的f solid n.固体。功.牢固的；可靠的8.acknowledge 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢facknowledgemenl n.承认；鸣谢9.analyse 3分析 f analysis n.分析 fground.This new weapon is called a LongRange Acoustic Device（L
9、RAD,远程定向声波发射器）.7.（2021 全国新高考 I 卷）“I was turning thepage to get ready for the next page,but thedraft wind from the turn caused the sparepages to fall off the stand,“Mr Titterton said,“Luckily I was able to catch them and putthem back.”8.（2020江苏卷）Being good at something andhaving a passion for it are
10、notenough.Success depends fundamentally on ourview of ourselves and of the events in ourlives.9.（2021-3 月天津卷）Society pushes us tospecialize,to become experts.This requirescommitment（commit）to a particularoccupation,branch of study or research.10.（2020山东卷）Through it all,she remainedin good academic（a
11、cademy）standingand graduated with honors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal,giving upmany nights with her kids and missingimportant events to study.11.（2019全国卷 II）First,you need _ toevaluate（evaluate）yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses，yourachievements,your desires,etc.12.（201
12、9全国卷 H）Her years of hard workhave finally been acknowledgedanalyses n.夕/分析（acknowledge）after a customer nominated（提10.apparently 曲.显而易见；看来；显然f aDparenl。力.显然的；表面上的11.scientific 4的.科学（上）的；关于科学的一 scientistn.科学家science n.科学12.conclusion n.结论；推论f conclude .推断出，断定；终止，结束13.novelistn,小说家novel n.（长篇）小说名）her
13、to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.13.（2020浙江卷）1 couldnt see Don,but as Iapproached the tractor he jumped out onto theroad,apparently（apparent）unhurt,anddashed back to me.14.（2020全国卷 I）The connection betweenpeople and plants has long been the subject ofscientific（science）research.2里联想积累：1.inter.开头高频词
14、14.found”.创建；建立；把 建立在f foundern.创建者，创立者f foundalion n.地基；基础；基本原理；根据15.politician n.从政者；政治家；政客f politicsn.政治一 political。切.政治的16.gentle adj.温 柔 的;文静的一 gently adv.温柔地；文静地17.gradually odu逐渐地；逐步地f gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的18.institution n,社 会 公 共 机 构；制 度；习俗finstitute（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑19.consequence n.结果；后果一 conse
15、quent adj.作为结果的f consequently。面.所以；因此20.professor n.教授f profession n.职业21.remarkable.非凡的；显著的f remark vt.评论15.(20 20-全国卷 II)As a novelist(novel),Ive found a new relationship withlibraries.!encourage readers to go to their locallibrary when they cant afford to purchase abook.16.(20 21 浙江卷)H e showed u
16、s that even asingle desire,never given up on,can make fora remarkable(remark)life.17.(20 21全国新高考 I 卷)The alarm rang at6 a.m.The pair went down the stairs quietly tothe kitchen.They decided lo boil(boil)the porridge first.interview面试；面谈interact互相作用international 国际的interval间隔；间歇interpret解释；说明interrupt
17、打.断（某人的）讲话2.“重要的”形容词有很多important 重要的significant重要的k e y关键的 vital至关重要的essential基本的；必要的fundamental必不可少的3 .以-ist为后缀的高频名词全接触specialist 专家 journalist 记者psychologist心理学家economist经济学家3agriculturist 农学家biologist生物学家futurologist 未来学家zoologist动物学家II.短语巧练写准并记牢高考与教材mit oneself to sth./doing sth./do sth.承诺；保证（做某
18、事、遵守协议或安排等）2.insist on 坚决要求3.with the objective of 以.为目的4.get stuck 卡住:陷入5.other than 除.之外6.relate to 与.有联系7.change ones mind 改变主意8.under construction 正在建设中9.on the tin of ones tongue 话在嘴边,差一点、儿就说出口10.get it 懂了,明白了11.serve as 充当,担任e to power（开始）掌权:上台13.take up a position 担任；任职14.be mistaken for 被误认为
19、15.pass away 去世16.sum up 总结；概括17.put forward 提 出1.（20 20全国卷 IH）B ut she insistson_ us eating healthyfood.U nderstanding her goodintentions,I eat all the food that isprovided by Mom with appreciation.2.（20 20浙江卷）一Why is Jackleaving early?-To avoid getting stuck intraffic.3.（20 21 全国乙卷）People love tot
20、alk about themselves.If you can startthe conversation with a questionother than“What do you do for aliving?”，youll be able to get a lotmore interesting conversation out ofwhomever it is youre talking to.4.（20 21 全国甲卷）Word came thatour school is going to hold a classmeeting whose topic is related toC
21、 hinese traditional customs.鸳联想积累：1.“总之，总结”荟萃in a word 总之all in a ll总之in conclusion 总之in short/brief总之；简言之to sum u p总结；概括2.“承诺；保证”一家亲commit oneself to domake a promiseundertake4guaranteeensure3.“坚持”短语面面观hold o n坚持；忍受（不及物）stick t o坚持；粘住（及物）insist o n坚持；坚决要求（及物）persist i n坚持；固执于（及物）go/ke叩o n坚持；继续下去（及物
22、）川.经典句型写准并记牢高考与教材l.sb.is thought to do sth.某人被认为Artemisinin has become a vital part of thetreatment for malaria,and is thought tosave 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成 为 治 疗 疟 疾 的 关 键 部 分，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。（P2）2.过去分词作定语In 1967,the Chinese government formed ateam of scientists with the ob
23、jective ofdiscovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the firstresearchers chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾的新方 法 为 目 的 的 科 学 家 队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。（P2）3.upon/on doing.当 时；就 Upon hearing that she had been awardedthe Nobel Prize,she said.当 听 到 自 己 被 授 予 诺 贝 尔 奖 时，她说（P3）1.（2020全 国 卷III）
24、据 说，253 4岁的年轻人中 有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例 为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约 为180万。It is said that about 20%of 2534-year-oldslive with their parents,compared with 16%in1991.The total number of all multigenerationalhouseholds in Britain is thought to beabout 1.8 million.2.（2021-3月天津卷）该项目还减少了用于医学成像程序的药品数量。The project
25、 also resulted in a reduction in theamount of medicines used to performmedical-imaging（医学影像）procedures.3.（2020全 国 卷n）一 到 达,我 们 就 看 到 熟 透了的红桃子挂在树上。我们先用篮子和梯子挑选颜色最漂亮的，然后再挑选成熟的、软的。On arriving,we saw red ripe peacheshanging on the tree.Using baskets and ladders,we first picked the ones that were most bea
26、utifulin color,then those that were ripe and soft.课堂考点突破重点词汇卷讲1.vital adj.必 不 可 少 的；极 其 重 要 的；充满生机的j教材原句5Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year inAfrica alone.(P2)青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，被认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。C 词块必记be vital to/for.对.极其重要
27、It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要Ifs vital that.极为重要(that从句中要用虚拟语气,即should do,should可以省略)j 即学即用单句语法填空Enough sleep is vital for/to the students*well-being and health.As far as Im concerned,it is vital to keep(keep)accurate records.一句多译(2018全国卷I 书面表达)此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。Besides,its vital that you s
28、hould mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinnerparty.(it作形式主语)In addition,whats vital is that you(should)mind your table manners in China when you attend adinner party.(主语从句)mit%承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)泣忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)j 教材原句Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China
29、,on 30 December 1930,andgraduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.(P2)屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年 12月 3 0 日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。C 词块必记(l)commit oneself to(doing)sth.承诺(做)某事commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误commit.to 投入.于.(2)committed。力.尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的be committed to(doing)sth.承诺(做)某事(3)commit
30、ment n.投入；奉献；承诺；保证make a commitment to(doing)sth.承诺(做)某事j 即学即用6单句语法填空Zhong Nanshan,a commitled scientist,commitled himself to preventing COVID_19.Hiscommilmenl was praised by people.(commit)We made a commitmenl(commit)to keep working together.一句多译钟南山致力于医学研究，被授予“共和国勋章”。Zhong Nanshan was committed lo
31、doing medical research,and he was awarded the Medal of theRepublic.Committed to doing medical research,Zhong Nanshan was awarded the Medal of the Republic.3.acknowledge M承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢j 教材原句However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.(P2)然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。C 词块必记(1)acknowledge(doing/having done)sth.
32、承认(做 了)某事acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as 承认某人/某物是.acknowledge that.承认.Its generally/universally acknowledged that 大家公 认.(2)acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；谢礼j 即学即用单句语法填空She is acknowledged to be(be)one of the best singers in the world.With no solid evidence,he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen(slea
33、l)the ladys purse.(3)1 was sent a free copy in acknowledgement(acknowledge)of my contribution.句型转换People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.一 It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.4.insist vi.&W.坚持;坚决要求j
34、教材原句Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it wassafe.(Ps)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。7C词块必记insist o n坚决要求insist on(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事insist on sb./ones doing sth.坚持某人做某事insist(坚持说/认为)th a t.,从句用陈述语气。insist(坚决要求/主张)that sb.(should)d o
35、.,从句用虚拟语气。j即学即用单句语法填空H er mother finally allowed her to go,insisting on her keeping(keep)close to the house and notriding too far.The old man insisted that he was(be)ill and(should)be sent(send)to hospital.完成句子(20 19天津卷)你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情。You should respect the views of others,and at the same t
36、ime insist on what you think is right.5.conclusion n.结论；推论j教材原句Did you come to any conclusions?(P4)你得出任何结论了吗？C词块必记(l)draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion总而言之(2)conclude vt.&.vi.结束；推断出;达成；缔结fsth.from sth.conclude!rI from sth.that.with sth.conclude sth.1,by doing sth.从中推断出以结束j即学即用单句语法填空The famous scien
37、tist concluded from his research that this virus was sensitive to heat.H isconclusion caused a heated discussion,(conclude)H e concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.Each chapter concludes with/by a short summary.完成句子8最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。In conclusion,Id like to thank you
38、 for all you have donefor me.一句多译科学家们已经得出结论：地球上的温度正在变得越来越高。Scientists have concluded that the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.(conclude)Scientists have come lo ihe conclusion that the temperature on Earth is getting higher andhigher.(conclusion)6.circumstance n.条件；环境；状况j 教材原句There
39、is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.(P5)我们帮不了琳达，她的处境是我们无法控制的。C 词块必记in/under no circumstances 决不in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下in/under any circumstance 在任何情况下M名师点津in/under no circumstances这种表示否定意义的短语用于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。j 即学即用完成句子旧的规则之所以需要修改，是因为它仅适用于一百年前存在的情形。The
40、 old rules have to be revised because they only applied t。the circumstances that existed when theywere made a hundred years ago.我原计划第二天离开的，但在这样的情况下，我决定再住一夜。I planned to leave the next day but under/in the circumstances I decided to stay another night.我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。I know I can trust her in/under a
41、ny circumstance.7.consequence n,结果；后果j 教材原句As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.(Ps)因此，他不得不逃离德国。C 词块必记(l)in consequence/as a consequence=as a result 因此；结果9in consequence 017as a consequence of=as a result of 由于.原因(2)consequent。力随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因而j 即学即用单句语法填空She was a bright and eager stu
42、dent and,consequently(consequence),did well in school.The warming of the earth and the conseauent(conscauence)climatic changes affect us all.(2020全国 I 卷)1 wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences(consequence).句式升级The farm was flooded,and as a result,most of the harve
43、st was lost.f The farm was flooded,and as a consequence，most of the harvest was lost.一The farm was flooded,and consequenUy/thnrefore most of the harvest was lost.8.take up a position 担任；任职j 教材原句After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced
44、Studyin Princeton,USA.(Ps)在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。C 词块必记take apart 拆开take dow n往下拽；记下；拆除take i n 欺骗；吸入；理解；收留take off(飞机)起飞；(事业)成功；脱下(衣服)take on呈现；雇用；承担take over接管；接替take u p 开始从事；继续；占据j 即学即用用适当的介词或副词填空You have to take down the points in class to go over after class.We eventually took
45、 off at 11 oclock and arrived in Venice at 1 30 pm.Thanks to the reform and opening-up policy,China has taken on a new look.The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.He will take over my job while I am on holiday.10Many young men want to take up a position in a charity organiza
46、tion to help more people.典型句式精析1.sb.is thought to do sth.某人被认为.j 教材原句Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year inAfrica alone.(P2)青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键部分，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。K考点必记IX(l)Ifs said/thought/reported/hoped/agreed/proved that.据说/大家
47、认为/据报道/大家希望/据同意/据证实(2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式：Sb./Sth.+be+believed/said/thought/reported to do sth.(hope 除 夕 卜)People/Sb.+bel i e ve/say/t h i n k/report/.+that.M名师点津在“主语+be+said/expected.+t。do”结构中，不定式的形式取决于它与谓语动作发生的先后关系。之后或几乎同时发生，常用一般式(to do)；强调同时发生时还可用进行式(io be doing)；之前发生用完成式(t。have done)oj 即学即用单句语法填空
48、It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down.Hes thought to be(be)one of the richest men in Europe.句式升级People believe that education is the most important issue facing the government.一 II is believed Ihal education i
49、s the most important issue facing the government.()-*Education is believed to be the most important issue facing the government.2.upon/on d o in g.时；.就.j 教材原句Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,The honour is not just mine.There is ateam behind me,and all the people of my
50、country.9,(P3)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她就说：“这荣誉不仅仅属于我。也属于我背后的团队以及我的祖国的人民”11K考点必记(l)upon/ondoing是介词短语用作时间状语，意 为“一就”(2)表 示“.就.”的结构还有：the minute,the moment,the instant,as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,On/Upon.等。j 即学即用单句语法填空On finishing(finish)it,I was struck by the feeling th