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1、1 第四单元检测第四单元检测(时间:90 分钟满分:120 分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分 40 分)第一节(共 12 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 30 分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A A You might think that“global warming”means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature.But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离)of an isl
2、and nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century,sea level rose 8-12 inches.As a result,Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa,a Tuvaluan government official,reported to the Earth Pol
3、icy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to
4、sign the Kyoto Protocol,an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions(温室气体的排放),which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement,the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live
5、 where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years,”Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable(易受影响的)to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon,president of the Maldives,
6、told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 people an“endangered nation”.1 1The passage is mainly about.2 A.rapid changes in the earths temperature B.bad effects of global warming C.moving of a country to a new place D.reasons for lowland flooding 答案:B 解析:主旨大意题。这篇短文主要
7、讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。2 2According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is.A.greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations B.higher surface water temperatures of the sea C.continuous global warming D.rising sea levels 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中“Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertem
8、peraturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.”可判断出造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。3 3Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not.A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B.sign an agreement with Tuvalu C.allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the proble
9、ms facing Tuvalu were real 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。由第四段第一句话可知劳佩帕(Laupepa)对美国不满是因为美国拒绝签署减少温室气体排放的公约。4 4The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is.A.Australia B.New Zealand C.the Maldives D.the United States 3 答案:C 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段可判断出马尔代夫(theMaldives)与图瓦卢(Tuvalu)的情况相似。B B Boiler rooms are often
10、 dirty and steamy,but this one is clean and cool.Fox Point is a very new 47-unit living building in South Bronx,one of the citys poorest areas.Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly(以 前)homeless people,whose rent is paid by the government.The rest are low-income families.The boiler room
11、has special equipment,which produces energy for electricity and heat.It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air,reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.Fox Point is operated by Palladia,a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people.Palladia rec
12、eived support from Enterprise Community Partners(ECP),which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.ECP has created national standards for healthy,environmentally clever and affordable homes which are called the Green Communities Standards.These standards include wa
13、ter keeping,energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials.Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%,which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.Michael Bloomberg,New Yor
14、ks mayor,plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for 500,000 New Yorkers.Almost 80%of New York Citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings,and 40%of those are caused by housing.So he recently announced that the citys Department of Housing and Preservation and Development(DHPD),whose
15、duty is to develop and keep the citys supply of affordable housing,will require all its new projects to follow ECPs green standards.Similar measures have been taken by other cities,such as Cleveland and Denver,but New Yorks DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in 4 the country.5
16、5What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?A.To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.B.To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.C.To show how the environment-friendly building works.D.To compare old and new boiler rooms.答案:C 解析
17、:推理判断题。由“.whoserentispaidbythegovernment.whichproducesenergyforelectricityandheat.Itreusesheat.”可知,本段主要介绍这种房子是如何运行的以及其结构模式。6 6What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?A.Lower running costs.B.Costing less in construction.C.Less air to be lost in hot days.D.Better
18、prices for homeless people.答案:A 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的“Meetingthestandardsincreaseshousingconstructioncostsby2%,whichisrapidlypaidbackbylowerrunningcosts.”可知答案。7 7It can be learned from the text that.A.New York City is seriously polluted B.peoples daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City C.
19、a great number of people in New York City dont have houses to live in D.some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。通过介绍此类房子的优点,以及 Palladia、ECP 等所采取的措施可以判断出,人们的生活是以排放碳、污染环境作为代价的。故本题应该选择 B 项。8 8What is the main purpose of this text?5 A.To call on people t
20、o pay more attention to housing problems.B.To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.C.To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.D.To introduce healthy,environmentally clever and affordable housing.答案:D 解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段以及第三段提到的“.healthy,environmentallycleveran
21、daffordablehomes.”可知答案。C C The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the worlds supply of water.With 97%of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the worldwide supply of water needs careful management,especially in agriculture.Although the idea of a wat
22、er shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the worlds agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)a
23、re very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also an environmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed.Besides,water may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from
24、one side of the world to the other.Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉).In Texas,farmers overuse of irrigation water has re
25、sulted in a 25%reduction of the water stores.In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge
26、quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas,such reserves can only decrease,and it is believed that 6 fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.9 9From the first two paragraphs we learn that.A.much of the worlds water is available for use B
27、.people in high rainfall countries feel lucky C.the costs of water redistribution should be considered D.water can be easily carried through pipes across the world 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知人口的不断增长给淡水的供应带来了压力。第二段提到了解决水源缺乏的办法,但解决办法所付出的代价是巨大的,这不仅仅要考虑工程本身的代价,还要考虑对自然环境的破坏所付出的代价。据此推断答案为 C 项。根据第一段第二句话可知A项错误;
28、第一段中的“.someonefortunateenoughtoliveinahighrainfallcountry.”意思并非是说降水量大的地区的人们自身感到幸运,故 B 项错误;根据文章第二段倒数第二句话可知 D 项错误。1010Which of the following is TRUE?A.The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.B.Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.C.The underground water in Saudi Arabia m
29、ight run out in 50 years.D.Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.答案:C 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话中的“.anditisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillseethemrundry.”可知 C 项正确;第三段第二句话提到水源储存减少了 25%,而不是 75%,由此可知 A 项错误;根据第一段最后一句中的“manyoftheworldsagriculturalindustries.”可知 B 项中的 M
30、ostindustries有误;根据倒数第二段最后一句话,可知 D 项与文中叙述内容相反。1111What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A.Steps to improving water use management.B.Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.C.Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.D.Approaches to handling the pressure on water su
31、pply.7 答案:A 解析:推理判断题。文章第一段指出淡水资源的贫乏问题,第二段作者提出了解决水源贫乏问题的唯一可行的办法就是依靠对水源的管理,第三、四段分别介绍了两个国家在水源管理中出现的弊端。据此推断接下来作者可能会具体谈改善水源利用的管理措施。故选 A 项。1212The text is mainly about.A.water supply and increasing population B.water use management and agriculture C.water redistribution and wildlife protection D.water sho
32、rtages and environmental protection 答案:B 解析:主旨大意题。第一段:淡水资源匮乏与农业生产;第二段:解决办法与农业灌溉;第三段:美国农业灌溉用水管理中显现的问题;第四段:沙特阿拉伯利用地下水进行农业灌溉显现的问题。综合上述分析不难判断本文主要讲述的是水资源管理与农业。虽然 A、C、D 三项中的内容文中有所提及,但都不能概括全文主旨。故选 B 项。第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(导学号 55580020)What is a yawn(哈欠)and wh
33、y do people yawn?A yawn is often associated with a person being tired.1313.People yawn for many reasons including stress,boredom,emotion and overwork.Have you noticed that yawning seems to be contagious(会传染的)?If one person yawns,this appears to cause another person to yawn.Researchers have found tha
34、t 40%-60%of people who see a picture of someone yawning will yawn themselves.1414.Some people think that yawning is rude and suggests that you are bored or uninterested.Maybe a yawn is a signal to a group that its time to go to sleep.1515.Animals of all types yawn.If you have a dog or cat,youve prob
35、ably seen your pet yawn several times.Even some birds yawn such as Adelie penguins and Emperor penguins.8 Some of the more scientific explanations of why we yawn claim it is caused by physical needs.One likely explanation is that the yawning reflex happens when our blood needs more oxygen.The deep b
36、reath helps supply the levels of oxygen in our blood.1616.It is also thought that the same chemicals in our brain that affect our moods and emotions cause us to yawn.Superstitions about yawning have been around for hundreds of years.A common superstition says that a person must cover his or her mout
37、h when yawning so that the soul does not escape through the mouth.1717.Today most people do not believe these superstitions and know that a yawn is a physical reflex.A.Did you yawn while reading this article?B.Yawning is not limited to humans.C.It will make you lose interest in your work.D.But this
38、is not always the only cause for a yawn.E.Even reading the word“YAWN”can make people yawn.F.Other people believe that yawning is a sign that danger is near.G.Another common theory is that a yawn helps regulate our body temperature.答案:1317 DEBGF 第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分 45 分)第一节完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30
39、分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world.18 springs and streams sometimes means control,particularly in the 19 areas like the desert.The control is possible even without possession of large areas of 20land.In the early
40、days of the American West,gun fights were not21 for the water resources(资源).And laws had to be 22 to protect the water rights of the23 and the use of the water resources accordingly.24is known to us all,there is not25water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes.Deciding on the26 of wa
41、ter that will be used in any particular period 27 careful planning,so that people can manage and use water 9 more28.Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water29 the water supply forecast(预报).The30water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 31 than from the below.Interest i
42、s32 in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods,and to get water from the winter snow on mountain33.With special equipment,some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be 34,and with the help of a repeater station,they send the 35 data(数据)to the base station.The oper
43、ator at the base station can get the data at any time by36 a button.In the near future,the forecast and use of water 37probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains,not of water underground.1818A.Using B.Holding C.Owning D.Finding 答案:C 解析:从下文可以看出,由于地球上的水资源不足,拥有了泉水和溪流就意味着拥有了控制权。四个选项中只
44、有 own 表示“拥有”。1919A.dry B.distant C.deserted D.wild 答案:A 解析:根据下文中的 thedesert 可判断出是干旱地区。dry“干旱的”;distant“遥远的”;deserted“废弃的”;wild“野生的”。2020A.fine B.beautiful C.rich D.farming 答案:C 解析:richland“富饶的土地”。比较上文中的 desert 可确定选 rich。2121A.unlawful B.unacceptable C.unpopular D.uncommon 答案:D 解析:uncommon“罕见的”。这是一个双
45、重否定句,表示在早期美国西部的人们为了水源发生枪战的事并不罕见。unlawful“不合法的”;unacceptable“不被接受的”;unpopular“不10 流行的,不受欢迎的”。2222A.made B.designed C.signed D.written 答案:A 解析:makelaws“制定法律”,为固定搭配;design“设计”;sign“签署”;write“写”。2323A.winners B.settlers C.fighters D.supporters 答案:B 解析:settler“移居者”。句意为“不得不制定法律来保护移居者用水的权利和按照规定使用水源”。winner
46、“胜利者”;fighter“战士”;supporter“支持者”。2424A.That B.It C.What D.As 答案:D 解析:as 引导定语从句,意思是“正如”,构成句式 Asisknowntousall“众所周知”。2525A.plentiful B.enough C.any D.much 答案:B 解析:enough“足够的”。根据常识可推断出世界上没有足够的水供人们随便使用。plentiful“绰绰有余的”。2626A.type B.quality C.amount D.level 答案:C 解析:theamountofwater“水量”。type“类型”;quality“质
47、量”;level“水平”。2727A.requests B.requires C.means D.suggests 答案:B 解析:require“需要”。句意为“决定在任何特殊时期使用的用水量需要仔细计划”。request“请求”;mean“意味着”;suggest“建议”。11 2828A.effectively B.easily C.conveniently D.actively 答案:A 解析:effectively“有效地”。由上文“.thereisnotenoughwaterinallplacesforeveryonetouseasmuchashelikes.”可知由于水源不足,需
48、要仔细地计划特殊时期的用水量,以便使人们更加有效地用水。easily“容易地”;conveniently“方便地”;actively“积极地”。2929A.leading to B.due to C.owing to D.according to 答案:D 解析:accordingto“根据”。句意为“农民必须根据供水预报改变他们的用水量”。leadto“通向;导致”;dueto“由于”;owingto“由于”。3030A.correct B.further C.average D.early 答案:A 解 析:thecorrectwatersupplyforecast“正 确 的 供 水 预
49、 报”。further“进 一 步的”;average“平均的”;early“早期的”。3131A.clouds B.sky C.air D.above 答案:D 解析:根据下文中的“thanfromthebelow”以及“dependontheadvanceknowledgeofsnowonmountains,notofwaterunderground”可确定应选 above 作为正确答案。theabove 指“山上的积雪”;thebelow 指“地下水”。3232A.raising B.rising C.building D.lasting 答案:B 解析:rise 是不及物动词。这里指人
50、们对人工增加降雨量的兴趣不断增加。raise 是及物动词,后面要接宾语;build“建造”;last“持续”。12 3333A.rocks B.tips C.tops D.trees 答案:C 解析:onmountaintops“在山顶上”。根据常识可知,在冬天,雪会堆积在山顶上。rock“岩石”;tip“要点;尖”;tree“树木”。3434A.taken care of B.made use of C.piled up D.saved up 答案:B 解析:makeuseof“利用”。这里指科学家正在研究利用积雪的方法。takecareof“照顾”;pileup“堆积”;saveup“节省