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1、1 第十七单元检测第十七单元检测(时间:100 分钟满分:120 分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A A(导学号 53070027)(2015北京高考)LifeintheClearLifeintheClear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically
2、live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless theyre
3、eating it,or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射)l
4、ight,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light,at least not very much.Light can
5、pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water.You dont see ityou see the things behind it.To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop lig
6、ht because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colours of light.But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments,so its tissues won t absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding 2 absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many diffe
7、rent materialsskin,fat,and moreand light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scat
8、ter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as w
9、ater does.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear:for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.1 1According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals.A.stay in groups B.can be easily dam
10、aged C.appear only in deep ocean D.are beautiful creatures 解析根据第一段第三句内容可知,身体透明的动物大多极其脆弱,稍微触碰就可能伤害到它们,故选 B 项。答案 B 2 2The underlined word“dead”in Paragraph 3 means.A.silently B.gradually C.regularly D.completely 解析根据前面的“Othersabsorblight”可知,如果把光线吸收了,其结果就是完全挡住了光线的传播,故选 D 项。答案 D 3 3One way for an animal
11、 to become transparent is to.A.change the direction of light travel 3 B.gather materials to scatter light C.avoid the absorption of light D.grow bigger to stop light 解析根据第五段第一句内容可知,动物要想变得透明,方法之一就是避免吸收或散射光线。故选 C 项。答案 C 4 4The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals.A.move more slowly
12、in deep water B.stay see-through even after death C.produce more tissues for their survival D.take effective action to reduce light spreading 解析根据最后一段第一句内容可推断出,较为大型的透明动物面临的挑战最大,因为它们需要采取积极有效的行动减缓光线的传播。答案 D B B(导学号 53070028)Most funny stories are based on comic situations.In spite of national differen
13、ces,certain funny situations have a universal attraction.No matter where you live,you would find it is difficult not to laugh when seeing Charlie Chaplins early films.However,a new type of humour,which starts from the U.S.,has recently come into fashion.It is called“sick humour”.Comedians base their
14、 jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.The following“sick humour”will enable you to amuse yourself.A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.The moment he arrived there,he kept on bothering his doctor to tell him when he would
15、be able to go home.He was afraid of having to spend Christmas in hospital.Though the doctor did his best,the patients recovery was slow.On Christmas Day,the man still had his right leg in plaster(石膏).He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.The following day,however,the
16、 4 doctor consoled him by telling him that his chance of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations was big.The man took heart and,sure enough,on New Years Eve he was able to hobble(蹒跚)along to a party.To make up for his unpleasant experiences in hospital,the man drank a little m
17、ore than it was good for him.In the process,he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.He was still murmuring something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.5 5Which of the following is right?A.All
18、the humorous stories are funny in spite of different nationalities.B.One can realize the humour of the stories in his own country.C.Charlie Chaplin made it difficult for people to laugh at his actions.D.Almost all the audiences can be made to laugh at some famous comedians actions.解析从第一段中的 certainfu
19、nnysituationshaveauniversalattraction 可看出 A 项太绝对;B 项的 inhisowncountry 是错误的;C 项的意思与原文相反;根据第一段卓别林的例子可知 D 项“对于有些著名滑稽演员的表演来说,几乎所有的观众都能大笑起来”是正确的,故选D 项。答案 D 6 6What does the underlined word“consoled”mean in the third paragraph?A.Comforted.B.Overcame.C.Confused.D.Disturbed.解析从第三段中的“.thedoctorconsoledhimbyt
20、ellinghimthathischanceofbeingabletoleavehospitalintimeforNewYearcelebrationswasbig.”(医生安慰他,告诉他有机会能够及时离开医院过新年。)可以看出 console 含有 comfort(安慰)的意思。答案 A 7 7What can we infer from the passage?A.No pains,no gains.B.Extreme joy begets sorrow.5 C.Once a thief,always a thief.D.Good medicine tastes bitter.解析 A 项
21、不劳无获;B 项乐极生悲;C 项一次做贼,永远是贼;D 项良药苦口。从文章的最后他又摔坏了左腿看出选 B 项。答案 B 8 8Whats the main idea of the passage?A.A new kind of humour came into being.B.Knowing how to cure your legs is important.C.Christmas is more important than anything else.D.Holding a party is interesting for the westerners.解析本文通过第一段的引入,说明了当
22、前的一种新的幽默。B、C、D 三项都和要表达的主题无关。答案 A C C Common cause for laughter is the feeling of joy and humour and it may come about from jokes or tickling(挠痒).However,other situations may cause laughter as well.A general theory that explains laughter is called the relief theory.Sigmund Freud,a famous Austrian sci
23、entist,summarized it in his theory that laughter releases tension.This theory supports the belief that laughter does good to ones health.This theory explains why laughter can calm one down when he is upset,angry or sad.Professor John Morreall,who has been studying humour for 25 years,says human laug
24、hter may have its biological(生物学的)origins as a kind of shared expression of relief.For example,this is how this theory works in the case of humour:A joke creates an inconsistency(矛盾)or sentence.We try to understand what the sentence says or implies.If we are successful in solving this“puzzle”,and we
25、 find out what is hidden within the sentence,what is in the background will be brought to light.After we realize that the surprise isn t dangerous,we laugh with 6 relief.Otherwise,if the inconsistency is not resolved,there is no laughter.As Mack Sennett,who is called King of Comedy,pointed out,“When
26、 the audience are confused,they dont laugh.”This is one of the basic laws of a comedian.The extent of the inconsistency,timing,rhythm,etc.has something to do with the amount of danger we feel,which decides how intense or long we laugh.This explanation is also believed by modern scientists.Laughter i
27、s found among various animals,including humans.Among the latter,it is a part of human behaviours,which can be passed on from one to another,and the laughter of one person can lead to that from others.9 9Comedians know the audience doesnt laugh when.A.the inconsistency has been resolved B.they prove
28、the surprise isnt dangerous C.the audience realize they are tricked D.the audience cant understand the comedians 解析由第三段最后两句可知,当观众困惑时他们不笑。答案 D 1010According to the passage,what will decide how intense or long you laugh?A.The knowledge that you have.B.The situation which you stay in.C.The amount of da
29、nger you feel.D.The information that you get.解析由第四段第一句可知 C 项符合题意。答案 C 1111According to the author,we can learn that.A.if you laugh and so do the others near you B.laughter exists among all kinds of animals C.laughter only exists among the humans D.keeping laughing all the time will benefit you 解析由最后
30、一段的内容可知 A 项正确。7 答案 A 1212This passage mainly tells readers.A.what laughter is B.the case of laughter C.the theory of laughter D.the good of laughter 解析由第一段第一句可知,本文主要讲述产生笑的原因。答案 B D D If you tell a woman a joke and get a blank look,don t immediately despair.Shes just taking her time to understand it.
31、But if the joke does eventually make her laugh it will be worth the wait.Scientists have found that while women are slower than men at getting jokes,they enjoy them more.Research shows that women use their brain more than men to process quips(妙语)and have less expectation that they will be funny.When
32、 a joke does hit the right note,however,they derive(得到)more pleasure from it.Scientists asked ten men and ten women to look at dozens of black and white cartoons and rate them on a“funniness scale”.During the process they underwent sophisticated(复杂)scans that mapped which parts of their brain were l
33、ighting up and timed how long it took them to respond to a joke.The women tended to use certain parts of their brain more than the men.Researcher Professor Allan Reiss said:“Our findings fit the stereotype of how men and women react to humour.We found that women tended to respond more to narrative a
34、nd wordplay(双关语)than slapstick(闹剧).”Canadian research has shown that men and women use humour for different ends.Men are more likely to use“hostile”humour to criticize each other and establish dominance,while women employ humour to maintain relationships and put each other at ease.1313Which of the f
35、ollowing is TRUE?8 A.Women tell more jokes than men.B.Women dont understand jokes.C.Women enjoy jokes more than men.D.Women are better at getting jokes.解析根据文章第二段的内容可知,女人没有男人听笑话反应得快,但却比男人更喜欢笑话。故可得出答案为 C 项。答案 C 1414What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Men like jokes more than women.
36、B.Women like jokes more than men.C.It took women more time to respond to a joke than men.D.It took men more time to respond to a joke than women.解析结合第五段画线句前面一句话中“.andtimedhowlongittookthemtorespondtoajoke”可知,画线句应是关于:通过脑部扫描可以测定他们对一个笑话做出反应的时间,故排除 A、B两项;又根据画线句的意思可知答案为 C 项。答案 C 1515According to the stud
37、y,women respond more to.A.slapstick B.funny pictures C.narrative and wordplay D.black and white cartoons 解析由文章第六段最后一句“Wefoundthatwomentendedtorespondmoretonarrativeandwordplaythanslapstick.”可知,与闹剧相比,女人更易对故事和双关语做出反应,故答案为 C 项。答案 C 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(导学
38、号 53070029)9 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.1616.By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1.Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious.1717.Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better ne
39、xt time?”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?2.Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.1818.There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials
40、to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3.Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and ju
41、mping to false conclusions.1919.“Why do you think shes crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel?”4.Self Expression 2020.There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music,acting,drawing,building,photography.You m
42、ay find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A.Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E.Gardening is another great activ
43、ity for helping kids develop this skill.F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.答案 1620 DACFG 第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分 45 分)10 第一节完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以
44、填入空白处的最佳选项。Just a few years ago,this place was called Dumptown.Its a town where rubbish may be left.For years,the citizens living here hadnt thought much about where waste went when they threw it out.And,finally,that became a very big 21.Because Dumptowners didnt know 22 happened to waste after it w
45、as thrown away,they 23 nothing of dropping empty soda cans here and there or putting cans of leftover paint right into their dustbins.Things that could have been recycled 24 were thrown away,because nobody believed 25 made a difference.The rubbish grew constantly and began to 26.Sometimes it caught
46、fire,sending heavy 27 into the air and making 28 hard for everyone to breathe.Dumptowners tried moving away from the mess,but 29 they moved,the problem was still there.They knew they had to 30 it.They learned to 31 the amount of waste they threw away.For example,they bought items at the store that 3
47、2 covered in extra packaging,so there would be 33 to throw away.They learned to reuse other thingslike washing out 34 jars instead of throwing them away.And,they learned to recycle.They set up 35 around towns for people to put in waste that could be 36 materials,and then into new 37.Dumptowners paid
48、 special attention to 38 waste and set up special collection points for safe handling.Instead of 39 environmentally harmful products or chemicals from the market,many Dumptowners switched to natural,safe products.Finally,they 40 the old city dump and built a new factory outside the town which was us
49、ed to handle waste.With the towns new look,it needed a new name,and Recycle City was born.2121A.question B.problem C.difference D.difficulty 解析结合本段语境可知,最初市民们毫无顾忌地乱扔垃圾,最后这就成了一个大问题。故选 B11 项,意为“问题”。答案 B 2222A.which B.how C.why D.what 解析所填词引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指物,因此应用 what。故选 D 项。答案 D 2323A.knew B.caused C
50、.talked D.thought 解析分析句子可知,所填词与介词 of 构成搭配,意为“考虑”,因此应用 think。故选 D 项。答案 D 2424A.hardly B.slowly C.easily D.fast 解析根据语境可知,那些本可以很容易就循环使用的东西都被扔了。easily 意为“容易地”,符合语境。故选 C 项。答案 C 2525A.picking B.wasting C.recycling D.throwing 解析根据上半句提到的“recycled”可知,此处句意为“因为没有人相信回收会有什么意义”。故选 C 项。答案 C 2626A.taste B.smell C.l