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1、分词的时态:-ing/-ed+主句（不强调动作先后）;Having done Having been donee.g.1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.2.Having been used for many years,the bike needs repairing.More exercises+主句（强调时间先后）第1页/共50页1)The president promised to keep all the board members_(inform)of how the negotiations
2、were going on2)_(be)there more than once,the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library.3)_(invite)to go to camping,Paul ordered a new sleeping bag4)_(not know)his telephone number,she lost touch with him.informedHaving beenHaving been invitedNot knowing第2页/共50页分词的逻辑主语:分词的逻辑主语一般
3、为_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语，e.g.If weather permits,we will have a field trip.Weather permitting,well have a field trip tomorrow 这被称为_。时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔.Time permitting,we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.主句的主语分词的独立结构第3页/共50页*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。如：Judging from t
4、he expression on his face,he had failed the driving test again Generally speaking,girls are more careful than boys.类似的还有:Speaking ofTalking of 第4页/共50页I.Past participle used as attributes（定语）1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。The stolen car was found by the police last week.The speaker an
5、swered all the questions raised by the audience.第5页/共50页(1)只表完成 In autumn,_ can be seen everywhere.落叶 My grandpa is _.一名退休的工人 America belongs to _.发达国家 The police are looking for _.一个迷路的孩子 2)只表被动The people seated in front of the meeting room are VIPS 3)表被动完成 Measures should be taken to clean _.被污染的河
6、流 There is _ on the ground.一个摔破的花瓶fallen leavesa retired workerdeveloped countriesa lost boythe polluted riversa broken flower vase第6页/共50页2.作用-相当于一个定语从句 （2）The book,written in1957,tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?（1）Is there anything planned for
7、tonight？=The book,which was written in 1957,tells the struggle of the miners.注：The problem（discussed yesterday）has something to do with daily life.（表示完成）The problem（being discussed now）has nothing to do with daily life.（表示正在进行）第7页/共50页区别：to do/doing/done 作后置定语The building _ last year is our classroo
8、m building.去年被建的The building _now is our classroom building.现在正在被建的The building _next month is our classroom building.下个月要建的builtbeing builtto be built第8页/共50页 II.Past participles used as predictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。The window is broken.The inner gate was locked.She was greatly ex
9、cited.2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人”，有主动意思。e.g.How disappointing the election is!过去分词：主语的感受，“感到”，有被动意思。e.g.They feel disappointed at the election.第9页/共50页常见的这类此有：interesting interested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsa
10、tisfied surprisingsurprised worrying-worried第10页/共50页Used as the predicative(表语)1.be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become,.+V-PP When I got to the classroom,the door was broken.When we heard of the news,we were surprised.2.get+过去分词 常表示某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的或未曾料到的偶发事件或事故。Her car got stolen at the weekend.H
11、e got killed when he was crossing the road.He got trapped in the fire.He got hurt in the leg when he fell down from the tree.第11页/共50页III.Past participle used as the Object Complement (宾语补足语宾语补足语)1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order +(to be)done 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被”e.g.I want the work(to be)fin
12、ished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room(to be)cleaned.第12页/共50页2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p.e.g.We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted.Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese?第13页/共50页过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之
13、间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.I saw her taken out of the classroom.第14页/共50页3.3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.e.g.We must get the table cloth washed.=We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth.He had his wat
14、ch repaired.4.在“with/without宾语宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。e.g.Do you know the man with his hair tied back?第15页/共50页IV.Past participle used as the Adverbial(状语)过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g.1.Asked why he didnt do it,he began to cry.过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句(When he was)asked why he didnt do it,he began to cry.第16页/
15、共50页e.g.2.Given more time,Ill catch up with you.过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句(If I am)given more time,Ill catch up with you.e.g.3.Born and brought up in the village,he knows a lot of people there.过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句(Because he was)born and brought up in the village,he knows a lot of people there.第17页/共50页e.g.4.
16、Defeated many times,they continue to fight.过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句(Although they had been)defeated many times,they continued to fight.e.g.5.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of students.表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。The teacher entered the classroom(and he was followed)by a group of studen
17、t.第18页/共50页注意：（1）过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if 等等.4.Although defeated many times,they continue to fight.3.As/Because born and brought up in the village,he knows a lot of people there.2.If given more time,Ill catch up with you.1.When asked why he didnt do it,he began to cry.注意：带有连词的过去分
18、词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.第19页/共50页 注意with+宾语+过去分词 The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.方式 With water heated,we can see the steam.条件 With problems solved,we all went home.原因 She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.伴随 He stood for an instant with his
19、hand raised.伴随第20页/共50页注意：1）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别_London(夜里参观伦敦)at night,you are a bit like in a dream._(当有人夜里来访)at night,you must make sure the visitor really your friend.When visitingWhen visited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。第21页/共50页_(写完了所有的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.Hav
20、ing finished all my letters_(信写完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.Finished 从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。从山顶看，公园很美丽。Seeing from the top of the hill,we can see a beautiful park.Seen from the top of the hill,the park is beautiful.第22页/共50页_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in
21、front of him.(lose)_ in white,she looks more beautiful.(dress)be lost in；be dressed in；be interested in；be devoted to；be supposed to；be caught in the rain；be seated in；be prepared for；be determined to Lost2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态Dressed类似的还有：第23页/共50页generally speaking一般说来,given鉴于,judging from/by根据来看,conside
22、ring考虑到,supposing that假如,talking of说到,seeing(that)鉴于，由于 有些固定用法：第24页/共50页 用非谓语结构完成句子第25页/共50页专题三 新题预测1_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(remain)吉姆是否适合打决赛还有待观察。1It remains to be seen 考查主语从句,句型 sth remains to be done.某事留待被做.第26页/共50页专题三 新题预测2_，the postman refused to deliver our let
23、ters unless we chained our dog.(bite)被咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信了，除非我们把狗锁起来。2Bitten twice 过去分词作状语“咬”和逻辑主语 postman 之间是被动关系第27页/共50页专题三 新题预测 3The old lady is said to have three children，two of them _.(study)这位老太太有三个孩子，其中两个在国外学习。3studying abroad 独立主格结构 study和逻辑主语 two of them 之间是主动关系第28页/共50页专题三 新题预测 4My daughter
24、was badly hurt in the accident.I really regretted _ from school yesterday.(pick)我的女儿在事故中严重受伤。我很后悔昨天没有开车去学校接她。4not having picked her up/not picking her up 考查 regret doing/regret having done sth 对过去的事情表示后悔第29页/共50页专题三 新题预测5Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication，unless _，may lead t
25、o serious problems.(handle)因缺少社会沟通而产生的误解如果不妥善处理的话很可能会导致严重的问题。5handled properly 过去分词作状语“误解”是被处理第30页/共50页专题三 新题预测 6When she noticed the teacher _，she lowered her head in shame.(stare)当她注意到老师正盯着她的时候，她羞愧地低下了头。6staring at her 考查notice sb doing sth 动名词短语作宾语补足语第31页/共50页专题三 新题预测 7Every year one million tour
26、ists visit Stonehenge,which is believed _ before the Pyramids,about 4000 years ago.(construct)每年都有上百万的人参观巨石阵，它被认为是修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。7to have been constructed 考查不定式的用法,build 动作发生在 believe 之前,且表示被动,所以用 to have been done.第32页/共50页专题三 新题预测8.The mudslide is reported _ more than 1400 lives in Zhouqu County.(
27、claim)据报道，发生在舟曲县的塌方已夺去了1400多人的生命。8to have claimed 不定式动作发生在主句report 之前,不定式用完成时形式,在这里,claim主动夺去第33页/共50页专题三 新题预测 9The mine explosion in Heilongjiang Province caused 104 deaths,with four other miners still _.(trap)黑龙江省的煤矿爆炸导致了104人死亡，仍有4名矿工被困地下。9trapped underground 考查with 符合结构 with sb/sth done,done表被动,人
28、被困在地下,得出答案.第34页/共50页专题三 新题预测10To every one of us,_ is a great honor.(admit)对于我们中的每一个人来说，被北大录取是极大的荣幸。10being admitted to/into Beijing University 考查动名词短语作主语.Be admitted to sth 表示被录取第35页/共50页专题三 新题预测11At Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony，_(feel)在北京奥运会开
29、幕式的时候,中国许多家庭坐在电视前观看这一庆典,感到非常自豪.11feeling very proud 分词短语作伴随状语,和逻辑主语是主动关系.第36页/共50页专题三 新题预测12The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with _ waiting for praise from his teacher.(cross)这个孩子因为他的作品感到如此的自豪,他就坐在那里,翘着二郎腿,等着老师表扬他.12his legs crossed 考查with 符合结构.注意,leg 和cross(重叠)之间是被动关系
30、.第37页/共50页专题三 新题预测13The catastrophe _(呈现出来的)in the movie 2012 is so striking that it takes away the breath of audience.(present)在影片2012 中所呈现出来的灾难是如此的震撼,使观众感到如此的惊叹.13.(which/that is)presented 考查定语从句 灾难是被呈现 出来.第38页/共50页专题三 新题预测14The hottest topic of this week _ on newspapers and TV programs is Wall St
31、reet financial crisis and what the White House is going to do with it.(talk)在报纸和电视节目中,本周正在谈论的最热门话题是华尔街的金融危机和白宫将会如何应对.14being talked about/that is being talked about 考查定语从句,非谓语 being done 表示进行时的被动态形式第39页/共50页专题三 新题预测15I also remember _the moon cycle and that crafters or magic users will be affected b
32、y those moon cycles.(tell)我也记得听说过月亮周期和那些巫师会受到这样的月亮周期的影响.15being told about 考查remember doing/being done 听说是被告诉.第40页/共50页专题三 新题预测16A new school is announced _in this city,but I dont know when the project will be put into practice.(build)一个新学校据说要在这座城市修建,但是我不知道何时这个工程将会实施.16.to be built 不定式用法,将要被做,用 to b
33、e done形式.第41页/共50页专题三 新题预测17Im going to Wuhan.Do you have anything _there？(take)我要去武汉了,你有什么东西要带去那里吗?17to be taken 不定式的逻辑主语是anything 不是you,因此东西是被带去.第42页/共50页专题三 新题预测18The sports meet,originally due_ last Friday,was finally called off because of the bad weather.(hold)运动会,原计划于上周五举行,最终因为糟糕的天气而取消.18to be
34、 held 考查不定式被动态,将被举行.第43页/共50页专题三 新题预测19._ her mother,she is not beautiful in appearance.(resemble)不像她的母亲,在外型上,她不是很漂亮.19Not resembling 分词短语作状语 并且是否定形式.第44页/共50页专题三 新题预测20Not _，Tom knew nothing about its tragic ending.(finish)没有看完那本小说,Tom对它的悲剧的结尾一无所知.20having finished reading the novel 考查分词的完成形式,表示状语里
35、面的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前.第45页/共50页1.The program was so fascinating that the children kept _.(fix)节目太吸引人了，以至于孩子们目不转睛地盯着屏幕。2.When I turned to the person _I recognized that he was my former schoolmate。(seat)当我转向那个坐在我旁边的人的时候，我认出来他就是我以前的同学。3.The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table _to be cooked.(lay
36、)起居室干净整洁，餐桌都摆好了，准备放要做好的饭。4.Ill have _ by the end of this term if my plan goes well.(completed)如果我的计划进展顺利的话，在这个学期末之前我就可以全部完成任务了。their eyes fixed on the screenalready laid for a meal(who was)seated next to meall of the task completed第46页/共50页5._,the report is full of mistakes.How can it be satisfactor
37、y?(write)这个报告写得匆忙，上面满是错误。这个怎么能让人满意呢？6.Jackson knew he would surely _ if he went to work late again.(get)杰克逊知道如果他又工作到很晚，他一定会被骂的。7._ the concert,he didnt mind standing in a queue all night.(determine)一心要买到这个音乐会的座位，他不介意一整晚排队。written in a hurry/hurriedlyget shouted at/scoldedDetermined to get a seat for
38、第47页/共50页9.Many things _ in the past are common today.(consider)许多过去认为是不可能的事，现在很常见。10.The old man went into the room,_ his wife and son.(suppo 那个老人在他的妻子和儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。11.Children above 12 are able to take part in skiing or other activities_.(design)12岁以上的孩子能参加滑雪或者其他为他们设计的活动。12.Most of the artists _ ca
39、me all the way from South Africa.(invite)绝大多数受邀参加晚会的艺术家都是从南非远道而来的。(that/which were)considered(to be)impossible supported by(that/which were)designed for them(who/that were)invited to the party第48页/共50页13._,the Vitamin C in the vegetables will be destroyed.(cook)烹调时间过长，蔬菜中的维他命C就会被破坏掉。14._,he didnt hear me.(absorb)他因为专心于看书，所以没听到我叫他。15._,she stood out in the crowd.(dress)因为穿着红色的衣服，所以她在人群中很显眼。Cooked too long/When/If(its)cooked too longAbsorbed in readingDressed in red第49页/共50页感谢您的观看！第50页/共50页