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1、现在分词现在分词形式形式过去分词过去分词形式形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doingdoingdonedone完成式完成式完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been donehaving been done现在分词现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作分词在句中可以作表语表语、定语定语、宾语补足宾语补足语和状语语和状语。第1页/共35页1.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。(1)Thecupisbroken
2、.茶杯破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。(2)Heisretired.他已退休。3.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。(3)Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山。q 过去分词作表语 第2页/共35页q过去分词作定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。We must adapt our th
3、inking to the changedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。第3页/共35页3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。第4页/共35页q过去
4、分词作状语1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。(1)Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。【注意】written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。(2)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidnthearthesound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。第5页/共35页2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。(1)Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能解
5、这道题。（given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一个小时。）(2)Seen from the top of the hill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.从 山 顶 看 城 市，城 市 显 得 更 漂 亮。（seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）第6页/共35页3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。(1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caughtinaheavyrain为过去分词短语作原因状语
6、，它来源于原因状语从句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)(2)Grown in rich soil,these seeds can growfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(growninrichsoil为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.第7页/共35页Seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fogWhen it is seen from the top of the hill，our ci
7、ty looks surrounded in the fog从山顶上看，我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。Once published，the dictionary will be very popularOnce it is published，the dictionary will be very popular一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。表示时间第8页/共35页有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如：When completed，this railway will link many industrial cities to a seapor
8、t这条铁路建成后，将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。When told to go to the teachers office，the girl began to cry当被告知去老师办公室时，这女孩开始哭起来。拓展:第9页/共35页表示原因:Tiredoutbyhardwork，hesoonfellasleepSincehewastiredoutbyhardwork，hesoonfellasleep由于干重活疲劳至极，他很快就睡着了。第10页/共35页表示条件:Given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much be
9、tterIf we had been given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better 要是我们有更多的时间，我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouragedThough they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。第11页/共35页表示伴随:Theprofessorsatthe
10、re，surroundedbyalotofstudents教授坐在那里，许多学生围着他。Hecameback，utterlyexhausted他回来时疲惫不堪。第12页/共35页q过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；）(2)He found his hometown greatly
11、changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分 词 changed的 动 作 显 然 先 于 谓 语 动 作found）第13页/共35页2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)Illhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Dontleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。第14页/共35页（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1.过去分词所表
12、示的动作由他人完成。(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）第15页/共35页q“with宾语过去分词”结构“with宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecansee
13、thesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。第16页/共35页1 _ time,he will make a first-class tennis player.A Having given B To give C Giving
14、 D Given 2 _in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A Being founded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 3 Unless _to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited DCA第17页/共35页1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B
15、.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing考点点拨考点点拨第18页/共35页简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语;再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。因此,该题应选C。第19页/共35页2.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.sp
16、oken C.be spoken D.to speak 简析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。第20页/共35页3.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 简析:该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句who were invited。第21页/共35页4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very
17、 popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。第22页/共35页5.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.bei
18、ng written D.written 简析:该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句which were written。第23页/共35页例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。第24页/共35页1.Linda wor
19、ked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系，故用过之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。第25页/共35页2.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.re
20、corded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被动关系，故之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。用过去分词表示。第26页/共35页3.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D
21、 D。knowknow与与wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。示被动。第27页/共35页4.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语，。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词，不能用于为系动
22、词，不能用于被动语态，相当于被动语态，相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。第28页/共35页Practice1.Didyouattendthemeeting_yesterday?A.tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheld2.Doyouknowthenameoftheplay_inthehallnow?A.tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingon3.Iborrowedabook_byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ili
23、keitverymuch.A.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite4.Pleasedontforgethim.Heisoneof_.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthoseCBAA第29页/共35页3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB第30页/共35页4.When_intothewarmroom,iceso
24、onchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken第31页/共35页5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun第32页/共35页6.Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03北京春)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring第33页/共35页第34页/共35页感谢您的观看！第35页/共35页