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1、Attributive Clause（定语从句）（定语从句）概念概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词被修饰的名词或代词叫叫先行词先行词.He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词引导词引导词从属关系：从属关系：1.定语从句定语从句(种类种类)：1.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 2.非非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 从属关系：从属关系：1.定语从句定语从句(引导词引导词)：1.关系代词关系代词 that,which,who,who
2、m,whose,as2.关系副词关系副词 when,where,why=相应介词相应介词(in/at/on/)+which 从属关系：从属关系：1.定语从句定语从句(基本原则基本原则)：1.定语从句一定有定语从句一定有先行词先行词；2.从句一定有引导词；从句一定有引导词；3.定语从句一定缺定语从句一定缺成分成分；4.从句也是完整句子从句也是完整句子.从句中缺什么从句中缺什么补什么，由补什么，由引导词充当相应成分引导词充当相应成分；5.定语从句引导词本身没有意义。定语从句引导词本身没有意义。引导词引导词充当成份充当成份先行词先行词可否省略可否省略that主主,宾宾,表表人人/物物宾，表可省宾，表
3、可省who主主,宾宾人人宾可省宾可省whom 宾宾人人宾可省宾可省which主主,宾宾物物宾可省宾可省whose 定定人人/物物不省不省as主主,宾宾人人/物物不省不省例1.The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)例2:The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3:The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/
4、which指物:that/which(主语)例4:The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)例5:The house_ roof is brown is mine.The man_ daughter is studying in Peking University is our headmaster.(whose)指物/人:whose(不省略)(whose)1.The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2.The
5、 skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3.Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4.Where is the boy _ broke the window?5.Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.who/that(which/that)(that/which)who/that(who/whom)注意注意 用用that不用不用which的情况的情况.先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all,few,little,muc
6、h,something,nothing,anything 等。等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.Something that we heard was of great truth.当先行词是当先行词是all,everybody,nobody,anybody等不定代词时。等不定代词时。先行词被序数词、先行词被序数词、the last或形容或形容词的最高级所修饰。词的最高级所修饰。The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten.先行词被先行词被all,any,every
7、,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。等修饰。I have read all the books that you gave me.先行词被先行词被the only,the very 修饰。修饰。This is the very pen that I am looking for.先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered.当句中已有当句中已有who 或或which时，时，为避免重复。为避免重复。Who is the man that is talking to Jo
8、hn?巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.which B.whatB.C.whatever D.that2.He told me all _ he knew.A.which B.what B.C.that D.how3.Is the river _ through that town very large?A.which flows B.B.flowsC.that flowingD.whose flows4.The most important thing_ we sho
9、uld pay attention to is the first thing _I have said.A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that 5.The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _A./,beautifullyB.B.that,wonderfullyC.which,wellD./,niceExamples:1.My neighbor survived when the car_ she was in crashed into a tree beside
10、 the road.2.-My neighbor survived when the car in_ she was crashed into a tree beside the road.Examples:1.The house_ my grandparents live in needs repairing.2.-The house in_ my grandparents live needs repairing.1.定语从句定语从句:介词的选择介词的选择(基本原则基本原则)：1.看定语从句中的谓语动词的固定搭看定语从句中的谓语动词的固定搭配配2.看定语从句与先行词的关系看定语从句与先行词
11、的关系 1.定语从句定语从句:介词的选择介词的选择(注意事项注意事项)：1.当介词置于谓语动词后，引导词的当介词置于谓语动词后，引导词的选择不受影响；选择不受影响；2.当介词置于引导词前，指物只能用当介词置于引导词前，指物只能用which,指人用指人用whom;也就是说，也就是说，that和和who不能放在介词后不能放在介词后 Exercises:1.In the corner,there is a garbage can_ which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.2.Do you still remember the day_ which we
12、 went to the beach?Exercises:1.He told me the reason_ which he was late for the meeting.2.Who is the young man_ whom our headmaster was shaking hands?Exercises:1.Does this road lead to the village_ which you once lived?引导词引导词充当成份充当成份先行词先行词可否省略可否省略when时间状语时间状语时间名词时间名词 不可省不可省where 地点状语地点状语地点名词地点名词 不可省
13、不可省why原因状语原因状语原因名词原因名词 不可省不可省通常情况下，关系副词可等同于相应通常情况下，关系副词可等同于相应介词介词+which抽象地点名词的问题：抽象地点名词的问题：point,case,situation,activity,stageExercises:1.Do you still remember the day_ which we went to the beach?2.He told me the reason_ which he was late for the meeting.3.Does this road lead to the village_ which y
14、ou once lived?1.定语从句定语从句:2种特殊情况种特殊情况：1.whose做引导词做引导词2.the way做先行词做先行词 1.The house_ roof is brown is mine.2.The man_ daughter is studying in Peking University is our headmaster.(whose)(whose)=the roof of which/of which the roof=the daughter of whom/of whom the daughter1.The way_ she explained to you
15、doesnt make sense.2.The way_ she explained the problems doesnt make sense.(which/that/)(in which/that/)缺主或宾语，正常解决缺主或宾语，正常解决缺方式状语，特殊情况缺方式状语，特殊情况whichwhowhomwhich1.定语从句定语从句:1.as在限制性定语从句中的使用在限制性定语从句中的使用2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.当先行词前有与as固定搭配的词限定，即the same,as,so,such;且定语从句缺主.宾.表时,定语从句as 引导 He is such a lovely
16、 student _everyone likes.He is so lovely a student_ everyone likes.asas1.当先行词前有与as固定搭配的词限定，即the same,as,so,such;且定语从句缺主.宾.表时,定语从句as 引导 She wears the same dress_ her sister wore last night.She wears the same dress_ her sister wore last night.asthat同一款裙子同一款裙子同一条裙子同一条裙子1.非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句:1.与先行词间逗号隔开与先行
17、词间逗号隔开2.起补充说明的作用起补充说明的作用1.注意事项注意事项：1.that不引导非限制性定语从句：指物用不引导非限制性定语从句：指物用which,指人用指人用who/whom2.非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是单个名词，非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是单个名词，也可以指前面整个句子也可以指前面整个句子,用用which/as引导引导3.当引导词只是先行词的一部分时：表示部分的当引导词只是先行词的一部分时：表示部分的many,some,few,2/3,20%,three+which/whom 4.非限制性定语从句引导词不可省略非限制性定语从句引导词不可省略 1.which/as指前面整件事
18、时的区别：2.The student the teachers think the best failed the exam,_ upsetted the teachers.3._ is well known,the earth runs around the sun.whichAs 1.位置的区别位置的区别2.意义的区别意义的区别2.表示部分的词+of+which/whom：He has three daughters,none of_ are doctors.There is too much information on the internet,most of_ is unreliab
19、le.whomwhich 1.其它注意事项其它注意事项：1.分隔现象分隔现象2.介词介词+which+n.3.引导词充当主语是，定语从句中谓语动词的数引导词充当主语是，定语从句中谓语动词的数的问题的问题4.表示地点的介词表示地点的介词+引导词，定语从句的倒装引导词，定语从句的倒装5.介词介词+where6.介词介词+whose+n.7.介词介词+which/whom+to do 1.分隔现象分隔现象:After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,_ needed clean water and medicine.Now he is
20、considering taking some pills,_ he thinks will help him become stronger.whowhich 2.介词介词+which+n.：He spent ten years in the lab_ which time he invented the life-saving medicine.Mrs.Lee will move into the new house next Monday,_ which time it will have been finished.inby 3.引导词充当主语是，定语从句中谓语动引导词充当主语是，定语
21、从句中谓语动词的数的问题词的数的问题：He is one of the students who_(have)passed the exam.He is the only one of the students who_(have)passed the exam.He is not the only one of the students who_(have)passed the exam.havehas have 3.引导词充当主语是，定语从句中谓语动引导词充当主语是，定语从句中谓语动词的数的问题词的数的问题：I,who_(be)very busy,cant help them at the
22、 moment.As_(be)known to everybody,Taiwan is part of China.The idea,which I think_(be)reasonable,was brought up.I still remember the teachers and the school that_(be)talked of.amis is were 4.表示地点的介词表示地点的介词+引导词引导词,定语从句的倒定语从句的倒装装：The house,in front of which sits a man,belongs to me.5.介词介词+where：China i
23、s the birthplace of kite.From in China kite flying spread to other countries.The teacher hides himself behind the door.From behind the door he can see what is happening in the classroom.6.介词介词+where：China is the birthplace of kite.From in China kite flying spread to other countries.The teacher hides
24、 himself behind the door.From behind the door he can see what is happening in the classroom.7.介词介词+whose+n.：Mr.Smith,without whose help I cant study,is a good man.8.介词介词+which/whom+to do.：The poor man has no house in which he can live.=The poor man has no house in which to live.The beggar has no money with which he can buy food.