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1、The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句 (一一)句子的分类句子的分类简单句简单句主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+系动词+表语并列句并列句表递进表转折表选择表因果其他复合句复合句形容词性从句，即定语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句副词性从句，即状语从句 简单句基本类型简单句基本类型. Things change. My sister will fix everything. She became a lawyer. He gave his sister a book. I found the book
2、 easy. Ill let him go.主谓主谓宾主谓双宾主系表主谓宾宾补give sb sthsend sb sth系动词（be动词，感官动词）常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等Attribute (定语定语)1. He is an honest boy.2. We love our country. 4. She is a beautiful girl.修饰；限定修饰；限定honestour找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语。beautiful 在复合句中，
3、修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：定语从句（句意：“的的”） 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ “ 先行词先行词 ” ”。 引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“ “ 关系词关系词 ” ”。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系词关系词关系副词关系副词:wherewhenwhy定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who、 whom、 whose、 which、 that定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句
4、通常放在定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后被修饰词之后。e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词定语从句两种结构定语从句两种结构A.主句（先行词）主句（先行词）+引导词引导词+从句从句This is the pen that I bought yesterday.以上画直线部分为主句，其中pen为先行词，斜体部分 为定语从句，整个定语从句修饰先行词pen.B.主句（先行词）主句（先行词）+引导词引导词+从句从句+主句部分主句部分The pen that I bought yesterday is mad
5、e in Japan.A句型的特点是主句和从句分为前后两个部分，而B句型的特点是主句被从句隔开。1. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾 语，做宾语时常可省略。语，做宾语时常可省略。1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 2. that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指；指 物时，相当于物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作。在定语从句中作 主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省
6、略。略。1) The person （that/whom ）you introduced to me is very kind. 2) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 3. who指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省作宾语可省 略）略） The boys who are playing football are from Class One. A person who steals things is called a thief.4. whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如
7、作宾语可省略，如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.5.关系代词关系代词whose的用法的用法whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。指人或物，在从句中作定语。Whose是是关系代关系代词词who的所有格形式，用作名词的的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语限定语。He is an excellent teacherwhose daughter studies abroad. the daughter of whom studies abroad.
8、Have you seen a dictionary . the cover of which is blue?whose cover is blue?whose经常后接经常后接 n 指人时，相当于指人时，相当于 n +of whom; 指物时，相当于指物时，相当于 n +of which. 1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.= He has a friend the father of whom is a doctor2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =
9、 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语主语主语, ,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省1. 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词的三个作用关系
10、词的三个作用: :确定关系代词的步骤确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词，先找先行词，2.看先行词指的是人还是物。看先行词指的是人还是物。3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分看关系词在从句中充当的成分。预习内容检测： The film which we saw last night was wonderful. 先行词 （关系代词指代 做 ） Teenagers like to gossip, and they often see something that isnt real. (P6)先行词 （关系代词指代 做 ）Several days later most of the buildings t
11、hat had been damaged were repaired. (P29)先行词 （关系代词指代 ，做 ）This frightened boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now. (P29)先行词 （关系代词指代 ，做 ）We live in a house whose windows opens to the south. 先行词 （关系代词指代 ，做 ）物宾语物主语定语主语人物物定语 film something buildings boy house1.The eggs _ I bought
12、 were not fresh.2.The friend _ came to supper last night was not hungry.3. The house _ window is broken is mine.4.The noodles _ you cooked were delicious.5.I dont like the people _ smoke a lot.that/whichwho/that which/that whosethat/whothat和和which在指物的情况下一般都在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用t
13、hat而不用而不用which。(1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不等不定代词定代词. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? All that can be done has been done. (2) There be句型中用句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.(3) 先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰
14、。修饰。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4) 先行先行词前有词前有who或或which等疑问词。等疑问词。Who is the girl that drove the car? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over the
15、re?(5) 当先行词既有人又有物。当先行词既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.(6) 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。等修饰。Ive read all the books that are no
16、t mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the fines
17、t man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.that , which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat(1) 紧跟介词作宾语紧跟介词作宾语This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.如果介词后置如果介词后置This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in.(2) 在非限制性定语
18、从在非限制性定语从句中句中Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking. He came late again, which made theteacher angry一般用一般用which而不用而不用that的情况。的情况。只用只用who的情况的情况 当先行词是当先行词是those,she ,he ,they,one,ones,anyone,anybody等代词时，关系代词用等代词时，关系代词用who. He who knows others is learned, and he who knows himself is wise.
19、知人者智，自知者明。 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。世上无难事，只怕有心人。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who plays fire will burn themselves. 玩火自焚定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句限制性定语
20、从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，是先行词不是先行词不可缺少的定语可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号不能用逗号隔开隔开. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚从句和主句之间须用整或清楚从句和主句之间须用逗号逗号隔开。隔开。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 不用不用“，”
21、与主句隔开与主句隔开 用用 “，”与主句与主句隔开隔开 意义上意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语是先行词不可缺少的定语, 如删除如删除,主句失去意义或意思主句失去意义或意思 表达不完整。只修饰名词或代表达不完整。只修饰名词或代 词。词。译法上译法上关系词的使关系词的使用上用上 只是对先行词的补充说明只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除如删除,主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思的意思. 既修饰一个词还修既修饰一个词还修饰一个句子。饰一个句子。 译成先行词的定语译成先行词的定语“的的” 通常译成主句的并列句通常译成主句的并列句1.作宾语时常省略作宾语时常省略 1.作宾语时不可省略作宾语时不可省略2.可用
22、可用 that 2.不用不用that3.可用可用who代替代替 whom 3.不用不用who代替代替whom不同点不同点 a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. b. He lives in another town, which is only about an hours ride from here. c. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small
23、 boy. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Please compare: 1.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. 2.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 3.The town where I live is beautiful. 4.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1. I am reading Harry Porter. _is an interesting bo
24、ok.2. I am reading Harry Porter, _ is an interesting book.3. The old man has two sons, and both of _ are doctors.4. The old man has two sons, both of _ are doctors. whichItthemwhom关关系代词系代词as和和which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1、as 和和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整都可以在定语从句中做
25、主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子个句子。He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，在主句之后。另外，as 常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含的含义义。As is known to all, China is a developing country. He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.