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1、Attributive clauses2021/8/9 星期一1What is attributive?A lovely girlSomething new the boy in white 2021/8/9 星期一21.The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2.The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3.Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4.Where is the boy _ broke the window?5.Luckily
2、 none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/thatwho/whom2021/8/9 星期一3AttributiveClause（定语从句）（定语从句）概念概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词关系代词:who wh
3、om that which whose关系副词关系副词:where when why2021/8/9 星期一4注意：注意：1 1 关系代关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词在定在定语语从句中都要从句中都要 充当充当句子成分句子成分。2 2 当当关关系系代代词词充充当当动动词词的的宾宾语语时时可可省省略略，当当关关系系代代词词充充当当介介词词的的宾宾语语且且介介词词不不在在关关系系代代词词之前的，关系代之前的，关系代词词也可省略。也可省略。3 3 定定语语从从句句中中的的谓谓语语动动词词要要和和先先行行词词保保持持一一致。致。4 4 定定语语从句分从句分为为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性和非限制性两种。
4、5 5 非限制性定非限制性定语语从句中的关系从句中的关系词词不可以省略。不可以省略。2021/8/9 星期一5关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语2021/8/9 星期一6 关系词的作用：关系词的作用：1 1、连连接作用接作用 把主句和从句把主句和从句连连接起来接起来 2、替代作用、替代作用 在从句中代替在它前面在从句中代替在它前面 的先行的先行词词 3、成分作用、成分作用 在从句中充当一个成分在从句中充当一个
5、成分2021/8/9 星期一7例例 1.The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)2021/8/9 星期一8例2:The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)2021/8/9 星期一9例3:The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)2021/8/9 星期一10例4:Th
6、e question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)2021/8/9 星期一11Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/that_2021/8/9 星期一12Ye Xin is a nurse died in the fight against SARS.a nurse/die in the fight against SARSwho/that2021/8/9 星期一13Itusedtobeasmalltown.I
7、tisnolongerasmalltown.=Itisnolongerthesmalltownthatitusedtobe.(作表语）作表语）2021/8/9 星期一14Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.2021/8/9 星期一15Which woman is a teacher?The woman who lives n
8、ext door is a teacher.1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door.2021/8/9 星期一161.The boys are from Grade one.The boys are playing basketball.The boys are from Grade One.who/that are playing basketballThe boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.2021/8/9 星期一172.The nurse is k
9、ind.The nurse looks after my sister.The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister3.We watched the play“Teahouse”.The play was written by Lao She.We watched the play“teahouse”which/that was written by Lao She.2021/8/9 星期一184.The young man is a famous writer.You saw the young man yesterday.The youn
10、g man is a famous writer.whom/who/that you saw yesterday5.This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.This is the house which/that Lu Xun once lived in.2021/8/9 星期一196.Where is the girl?You talked with her last Sunday.Where is the girl who/whom/that you talked with last Sunday?2021/8/9 星期一20关系代
11、词的用法：关系代词的用法：一、由一、由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。who用用作作主主语语，whom用用作作宾宾语语，whose用用作作定定语语。whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom/which This is the man who helped me.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2E 2021/8/9 星期一21Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.Mr King was quickly
12、taken to hospital.Her legs were badly hurt.HerWe shall make a decision about Ms King,whose story I have told you.We shall make a decision about Ms King.I have told you her story.her2021/8/9 星期一22Which house is mineWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy house2021/8/9
13、星期一23I know the doctor.His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.Have you seen my book?The books cover is red.Have you seen my book whose cover is red.2021/8/9 星期一24whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of
14、 which互换使用。指人时可用互换使用。指人时可用of whom.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.2021/8/9 星期一25 Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang Yu?Mary lives in the house whose roof is red.Mary lives in the house the roof of wh
15、ich is red.2021/8/9 星期一26Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.A.which B.whose C.of which D.thatB2021/8/9 星期一27Who特殊情况特殊情况先行词是先行词是all,everyone,one,ones,anyone且且做主做主语时用语时用who.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Everyb
16、odywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere.先行词是先行词是those时，时，用用who.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.2021/8/9 星期一28 注意：注意：whom,which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有在含有介词的动词固定词组介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。来的位置上。Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.=Th
17、isisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.2021/8/9 星期一291.Haveyoueverreadthebook_therearemanypictures?2.Theman_hehadatalkyesterdayisadoctor.3.Thegentleman_youjustspokeisourheadmaster.4.Thisisthenewbicycle_Ispentfivehundreddollars.5.Herearethetabletennisplayers,some_areouroldfriends.Theschoolhas2600students,
18、twothirds_aregirls.inwhich2021/8/9 星期一30三、由三、由thatthat引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。that在从句中可以指在从句中可以指人或物人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语的宾语.但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy.()Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.()Thisistheschool(which/that)youwillstudyin.()2021/8/9 星期一31注意注意在下面几种情
19、况下必须用在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定引导定语从句。语从句。先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything something,nothing,anything 等。等。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth.2021/8/9 星期一32 先行词被序数词、先行词被序数词、the last或形容词的最高级或形容词的最高级所修饰。所修饰。The first thing
20、 that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.先行词被先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。等修饰。I have read all the books that you gave me.2021/8/9 星期一33 先行词被先行词被the only,the very 修饰。修饰。This is the very pen that I am looking for.He is the only per
21、son that I want to talk to.先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered.2021/8/9 星期一34 当句中已有当句中已有who who 或或whichwhich时，为避免重复。时，为避免重复。WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了whichwhich，则另一个用，则另一个用that.that.Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthings
22、thathadneverbeenseen.2021/8/9 星期一356.当先行词为当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况以有三种情况:that,inwhich或不填。或不填。Idontlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother.（choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisblank）A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD./B2021/8/9 星期一367.7.在在 Its time Its time 句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。句，通常
23、有下面几种句型。Itis(high/about)timethat主语主语+过去式过去式Itis序数词序数词timethat主语主语+谓语谓语(现在完成时现在完成时)()ItishightimethatI_todothephysicshomework.A.goB.wentC.shallgoD.havegone()Itisthefirsttime_hehasbeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.atwhich D.whichBA2021/8/9 星期一378oneof+复数名词复数名词+who/which/that+复数复数谓语谓语the(only)oneof+复数名词复数名词+who/w
24、hich/that+单数单数谓语谓语Sheisoneofthestudentswho_praisedatthemeetingyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.is D.areHeistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenBD2021/8/9 星期一38关系副词引导的定语从句：关系副词引导的定语从句：1、由where引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰一个表示地点地点的名词时,常用where引导。A book office is a place whe
25、re tickets are sold.Where 在从句中做状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于in which，所以此句可以改为：A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.因此定语从句中关系副词where=介词介词+which.2021/8/9 星期一392、定语从句在修饰一个表示时间时间的名词时，常用when 引导。I still remember the year when we studied together.When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词”I still remember the year
26、(which/that)we studied in together.I still remember the year in which we studied together.2021/8/9 星期一40This is the house where he lives.=This is the house _he lives.=This is the house _he lives in.inwhich(which/that)2021/8/9 星期一413、由、由why引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。关系副词why 的先行词只有reason,在从句中表示原因状语。Do you know t
27、he reason why I left early?Why 在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于for which.Do you know the reason _I left early?但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which.The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.forwhichthat/which2021/8/9 星期一42关系代词和关系副词的选用。关系代词和关系副词的选用。在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一它们在从句中
28、所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。个先行词往往关系词却不同。1.This is the factory which/that produces TV sets.This is the factory where my father once worked.(in which)2.Ill never forget the day that/which we spent together in the countryside.Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into.(on which)2021/8/9
29、星期一43介词介词+关系词引导定语从句关系词引导定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句多用于正式文体中，这样的关系代词主要是which,whom,whose.This is the house in which my grandfather once lived.The film of which Im speaking is to be shown next week.This is the man from whom I learn the news.2021/8/9 星期一44注意：注意：这类句子中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时这类句子中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可省略。关
30、系代词可省略。This is the person(whom)you are going to work with.2021/8/9 星期一45如何选用结构中的介词根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配on which I spent five Yuan.for which I paid five Yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lotin which there are few new words about which Tom often talks 2021/8/9 星期一46根据先行词的搭配习惯the day on which I joine
31、d the league.I still remember the days during which I lived in the country.the years in which I stayed there.2021/8/9 星期一47四、四、as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成thesameas,suchas等结构。等结构。Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamew
32、ayasyoudid.Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.2021/8/9 星期一48as引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。和之后。Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis.Asisknowntoall,hestudiesveryhard.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.常用于这种类似插入语的句式有常用于这种类似插入语的句式有asissa
33、idabove,asisalreadymentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper2021/8/9 星期一49注意：注意：which和和as的区别是：的区别是：which不能放在句首，而不能放在句首，而as则可以；则可以；在句中时，在句中时，as有有“正如正如”、“就像就像”之意，之意，而而which没有。没有。2021/8/9 星期一50下列每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。下列每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。1Theytalkedforhalfanhourofthethings
34、andpersonswhotheywoulddealwithafewdayslater2Whoisthemanwhowaspraisedatthemeeting？3Isthisthefarmwhereyouvisitedtheotherday？4Isthisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek？5Iwanttobuythesamedictionarythatyouhave_that_that_that_as2021/8/9 星期一51巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to th
35、e police.A.Which B.whatC.whatever D.that2.He told me all _ he knew.A.whichB.whatC.that D.how3.He was very rude to the Customs officer,_ of course made things even worse.A.who B.whomC.whatD.which2021/8/9 星期一524.Is the river _ through that town very large?A.which flowsB.flowsC.that flowingD.whose flow
36、s5.The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _I have said.A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that 6.The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _A./,beautifullyB.that,wonderfullyC.which,wellD./,nice2021/8/9 星期一537.The result of the experiment was v
37、ery good,_we hadnt expected.A.when B.that C.whichD.what8.You may keep any _ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom9.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help.A.to whom B.whoC.from whomD.that10.The Great Wall is the last place _Mr.smith is going to visit before he leaves Beij
38、ing.A.whereB.which C./D.what2021/8/9 星期一5411.They study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat12.Next Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which13.He isnt the man _ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich14.Please pass me the dictionary _ c
39、over is black Awhich Bwhich of Cits Dwhose2021/8/9 星期一5515.Through practice we can learn a lot _ can not_ from books Awhich；be learned Bthat；learn Cwhich；learn Dthat；be learned2021/8/9 星期一564Isthisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek？Thisisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek.Thisfactoryiswhichyouvisitedlastwee
40、k.Thisisthefactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek.Isthis thefactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek?Thisfactoryistheonewhichyouvisitedlastweek.Isthisfactory theonewhichyouvisitedlastweek?2021/8/9 星期一57 which引导的非限制性定语从句。引导的非限制性定语从句。I have lost my pen,which I like very much.She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole
41、 family considered a great honor.She is always late for class,which makes the teacher angry.2021/8/9 星期一58限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切（删去影响和先行词关系密切（删去影响整个意思表达）整个意思表达）和先行词关系不密切（一种补和先行词关系不密切（一种补充说明，删去不影响全句意思充说明，删去不影响全句意思的表达）的表达）不用逗号隔开不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开可用关系代
42、词可用关系代词thatthat不可用关系代词不可用关系代词thatthat关系代词可省略（但在从句中关系代词可省略（但在从句中作宾语）作宾语）关系代词不可以省略关系代词不可以省略只可修饰先行词，不可以修饰只可修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分主句或主句的一部分除修饰先行词还可以修饰整个除修饰先行词还可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分主句或主句的一部分暗示被修饰的先行词不是唯一暗示被修饰的先行词不是唯一的的表示被修饰的先行词是唯一的表示被修饰的先行词是唯一的翻译时先翻译从句在翻译主句翻译时先翻译从句在翻译主句 翻译时先译主句再译从句翻译时先译主句再译从句2021/8/9 星期一59People
43、 who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)2021/8/9 星期一60I have a sister who is a doctor.我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister,who is a doctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)2021/8/9 星期一61Peter drov
44、e too fast,which was dangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)He changed his mind,which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)Mr.Smith,who is our boss,will leave for Japan next week.我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)Her father,who has a lot of money,wishes her to study abroad.她父亲很有
45、钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)2021/8/9 星期一621.I have lost the pen which I like very much.（暗示不（暗示不止一个）止一个）I have lost the pen,which I like very much.（暗示只（暗示只有一支钢笔）有一支钢笔）2.I have two sisters,who are both students.I have two sisters,both of whom are students.4.This is our classroom,in the front of which there is a teachers desk.5.His father who is in Beijing will return to Yancheng next week.()His father,who is in Beijing,will return to Yancheng next week.()2021/8/9 星期一632021/8/9 星期一64