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1、 非非谓语动词谓语动词是是语语法填空的必考考点，法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有每年高考至少有1道道题题。不。不仅仅如此，如此，驾驭驾驭非非谓语动词谓语动词的基本用法，的基本用法，对对增加增加书书面表达面表达的文采和提高的文采和提高阅读阅读理解理解实实力都有明力都有明显显的作的作用。用。首先，我首先，我们们通通过过例句来回例句来回顾顾一下非一下非谓语谓语动词动词的的语语法功能法功能(在句中充当何种成分在句中充当何种成分)：To obey law is everyones duty.Im preparing to take the examination.Her dream is to be a
2、 doctor.Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.Teacher ask him to clean the blackboard.He came here to attend an important meeting.Playing football is my favorite sport.Mary is considering changing her job.Talking to him is talking to a wall.I have a friend living in London.I am
3、 sorry to have kept you waiting long.Nobody was interested in the story he told.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.非谓语动词解题技巧非谓语动词解题技巧1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2.非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中担当谓语的动词在句子中担当谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的全部成分作除谓语外的全部成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）一个句子当中，已经存在一个主
4、句（谓语动词）一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有又没有又没有又没有连词的状况下连词的状况下连词的状况下连词的状况下,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词运用条件非谓语动词运用条件She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步
5、骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态（一）（一）分析句子结构分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2 _many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A留意连词留意连词3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a
6、rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingB.D.It being E.It was F.beenCE留意标点符号留意标点符号 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found o
7、n the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.一一般来说，作般来说，作状语状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作作宾补宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作作定语定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。A.to take B.taking C.to
8、be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.（三）分析语态（三）分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配运用时是主动还是被动关系。和逻辑主语在搭配运用时是主动还是被动关系。1.“You cant catch me!”Jane sho
9、uted,_ away.2.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 3.2._ in the mountains for a week,4.the two students were finally saved by the 5.local police.6.A.Having lost B.Lost 7.C.Being lost D.LosingJane the two students（四）（四）分析时态分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a re
10、staurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.2.A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained如：如：She g
11、ot up very early to catch up the first bus.2._ this cake，youll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making to catch up the first bus.3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.A.moved B.moving B.C.to move D.Being
12、 moved原则二：原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.-ing.inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to do to do作目的状语的区分：作目的状语的区分：作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Write to the editor,_ that the 1.Write to
13、 the editor,_ that the editor editor would be able to help her would be able to help her（hope hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped therethere _ on a big rock _ on a big rock(rest )(rest )3.The secretary worked late into night,3.The secretar
14、y worked late into night,_ _ a long speech.(prepare)a long speech.(prepare)4._ warm,we shut all the windows.4._ warm,we shut all the windows.(keep)(keep)preparingto resthopingTo keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其原则区分是，或不定式，其原则区分是，一般用一般用-ing-ing，表示确定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。，表示确定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式
15、用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones5.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day._ in the natural light during the day.（20072007天津卷）天津卷）A.to let
16、B.letting C.let D.having let A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let 【解析【解析 此处用此处用-ing-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。如：如：It rained heavilyIt rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that place.causing severe flooding in that place.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent sinc
17、e the start of the 6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4._ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.（20052005山东卷）山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching 8.He
18、hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.（2006陕西卷）陕西卷）A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 7.He hurried to the station,only _ that the train had left.(2005广东卷广东卷)A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found【解析】【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四：凡是含有被动
19、意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，假如所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动但是，假如所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；假如所涉及的动作正在进行，则用式；假如所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式.9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I 9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.had to struggle _.（20072007浙江卷）浙江卷）
20、A.to be heard B.to have heard A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard C.hearing D.being heard 【解析】依据句意，此处指的是【解析】依据句意，此处指的是“被听见被听见”，故要用被，故要用被 动式，因此动式，因此 可解除可解除 B B 和和 C C。另外，由于。另外，由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在为目的状语，动作在 当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A A。11.When she came in,she was surprised t
21、o find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her.A.seating;fixing B.to seat;fixing C.having seated;fixed D.seated;fixed10.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closed
22、D.to open and close【解析】【解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，desks 与与open and close 之间存在逻之间存在逻辑辑上的被动关系，又因上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing的被动式表正的被动式表正在被进行的动作。在被进行的动作。of a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.fix ones eyes upon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一样
23、主句主语保持一样.12.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）陕西卷）A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given John an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John 13.While watching television，_.（2005全国卷全国卷III）A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the door
24、bell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings【解析】因为【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语确定是人，解除选项的逻辑主语确定是人，解除选项 A 和和 B；又因在；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式，的不定式，所以选项所以选项 D 中的中的 rings 是错误的。是错误的。watchingfaced with(be)faced with原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（依据状况可用不定式的完成式或（依据状况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）
25、的完成式）14._ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.（2005湖北卷）湖北卷）Being separated B.Having separatedC.Having been separated D.to be separated 【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate 发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式
26、作缘由状语。15.The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.（2005江西卷）A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，having made.相当于 who had made.的意思。lefthas16.Li Ming is said _ abroad.Do you know what countr
27、y Yes,In London.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studyinghe studied in?he will study in?he studies in?CABisSb is said to do 据说原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用用-ing-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.There will be more
28、than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow.A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held 18.There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（2006上海卷）上海卷）A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait the meeting the day after tomorrowv
29、isitors19.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（2007湖南卷）湖南卷）A.lost B.losing C.to lost D.have lost 20.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（2007全国全国I）A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt.lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。You are the second to make that mistake.你是其次个犯这错误的人。你是其次个犯这错误的人。