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1、不定式、动名词用作主语不定式、动名词用作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语1 1。直接作主语：。直接作主语：（1）眼见为实。）眼见为实。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeing is believing.2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health.3.Smoking is not a good habit2.用用it作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用连用1）广说不做没用）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用
2、）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做）学好英语是值得做的的1.Its no use talking too much without doing anything2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk.3.Its no good smoking too much4.Its worthwhile learning English well.不定式作主语不定式作主语1。直接作主语。直接作主语（1）眼见为实）眼见为实（2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益）今天早晨做早操对身体无益（3）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险1.To s
3、ee is to believe2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health.3.To smoke here is dangerous2 2。用。用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了（2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了（3）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的（4）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难1.It is very kind of you to say so.2.Its very foolish of him to sa
4、y such things3.It is necessary for us to learn English well4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English grammar3.固定句型固定句型（1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to complete his homework.2.How long did it take you to finish writing yo
5、ur composition?小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则一、对称原则二、特殊表达二、特殊表达三、固定句型三、固定句型四、习惯用法四、习惯用法主语和表语对称主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作It takes sb some time to do sthIts no use/no good/useless/worthwhile +doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/n
6、ecessary/hard for sb to do sth。Task:complete the following sentencesTask:complete the following sentences1._(没有用没有用)learning without practice2.Its no good _（广说不做）广说不做）3.Its necessary _(我们学好英语）我们学好英语）4.It very kind _ （你帮助我）你帮助我）5.How long _（你每天参加体育活动？）你每天参加体育活动？）6.Because of the heavy sand storm,_(今天
7、做晨练）今天做晨练）is of no benefit to you.Multiple choiceMultiple choice1.It is very generous _ you to buy me such a nice giftA.of B.for C.to D.with2.You are clever;it will be easy _ you to work out the word puzzleA.of B.for C.to D.with3.I think it no good _ without doing anything.A,to play about B,play aro
8、und C.playing about D.played aroundItsnousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganythingforustolearnEnglishwellofyoutohelpmedoesittakeyoutodosporteverydaytodomorningexercisestoday不定式、动名词作宾语不定式、动名词作宾语一、句型转换一、句型转换 I think it no use doing sth I feel it stupid of him to say such silly things to her I find it uneas
9、y for you to learn your subjects well without hard work Can you tell me how many hours it took you to do your homework?二、二、A:下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：记住下面这句话，巧记共35个多个多动词动词 Miss Rescall can enjoy five apples at dusk Miss Rescall-miss,mind,risk,recall,resistCan-cant help,consider,cant re
10、sist,complete,cant stand(bear)Enjoy-enjoy,escape,excuse,endure Five-finish,fancy,feel like,favorite(利利 于于）,forbid,imagine,includeApples-advise,avoid,appreciate,admit,allow -practise,postpone,pardon,prevent,put offdusk-delay,understand,suggest,keep(deny否认）否认）二、二、下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住下面这句话，下列动词只能带不定式作宾语：记住
11、下面这句话，(2HD3A4P,worst fem各一各一)巧记近巧记近20个多动词个多动词afford,agree,attempt,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish B:以以介介词词 to 结结尾尾的的常常用用短短语语 be/get used to,come to,devote oneself to,listen to,look forward to,object to,get down to,prefer.to,pay atte
12、ntion to,refer to,stick toC:特殊句型特殊句型 1,spend(waste).(in)doing 2,be busy(in)doing 3,have difficulty(trouble,fun,pleasure,a good,hard time)in doing 4,stop prevent.(from)doing 5,There is no harm no hurry no point.(in)doing sth 1 forget,remember,regret+doing 动作已经发生动作已经发生 +to do 动作未发生动作未发生2 want,need,req
13、uire+doing 表被动表被动=to be done注：注：be worth doing=be worthy to be done3 try doing 试着做试着做 try to do 尽力做，想要做尽力做，想要做4 stop doing 停止做某事，停止做某事，(先后是一件事先后是一件事).stop to do 停下来做某事停下来做某事,(先后不是同一件事先后不是同一件事)三、三、注意下列注意下列11 11种不同动词或句型的用法种不同动词或句型的用法5 go on doing 继续做某事，继续做某事，(先后先后 是同一件事是同一件事)go on to do 接接下下来来做做某某事事，(
14、先先后后不不是是同同一一件件事事)6 mean doing 意味着做某事意味着做某事 mean to do 故意或想要做某事故意或想要做某事 7 cant help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事抑制不住、禁不住做某事 cant help(to)do sth 无帮助、无助于做某事无帮助、无助于做某事8 ,only to do 结果是结果是（出乎预料）（出乎预料）,only doing 结果是结果是 (必然是必然是)9 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿宁愿 而不而不 prefer doing to doing would rather do than do
15、 would do rather than do 10 have nothing to do/do nothing but/except do 只好做（别无选择）只好做（别无选择）enjoy doing nothing but doing 只喜欢做只喜欢做 want nothing but to do 只想做只想做11在在 begin,start,continue 等等词词后后可可接接不不定定式式作作宾宾语语，也也可可接接动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，意意义义区区别别不不大大.但要注意但要注意1）本身是）本身是-ing 形式时，其后要接不定式形式时，其后要接不定式2）如如果果表表示示主主语语有有意
16、意识识地地开开始始做做某某事事，多多用用动动名词名词3）主语是物多用不定式）主语是物多用不定式4）其其后后的的动动词词是是表表示示情情感感的的或或与与智智力力有有关关的的，不不用用 v-ing 形形式式know,realize,hate,love,understand,wonder,remember,forget Task:complete the following sentencesTask:complete the following sentences1.Doyouremember_（以前见过这个人吗）以前见过这个人吗）?2.Hedenied_（冤枉了他的父母）冤枉了他的父母）3.Sh
17、eregreted_(在会上给领导提了意见）在会上给领导提了意见）.4.Dontwastetime_(劝他戒烟）劝他戒烟）5.Iwouldratherstayathome_(也不出去玩）也不出去玩）6.Doyouthinkitnecessary_(我们学好英语）？我们学好英语）？7.Howlongdidittakeyou_(写完作文）？写完作文）？8.Hehasdonenothingbut_（玩了一整天）玩了一整天）.9.Onhearingthenews,Tom_(抑制不住哭了）抑制不住哭了）.10.LittleSophiawentthetheater,only_(被告知演出结束了）被告知演出
18、结束了）1.seeingthemanbefore2.doingwrongtotheirparents3.puttingforwardthesuggestiontotheirleader,4.advisinghimtogiveupsmoking5.thangoouttoplay6.forustolearnEnglishwell,7.tofinishedwritingyourcomposition8.playalldaylong9.couldnthelpcrying10.tobetoldthattheperformancehadbeenoverMultiplechoice1.Would you m
19、ind _ the door?A,open B,opening C,to open D,opened2.“So much for the new words and expressions;lets go on _the text,”the teacher said with a smile.A,to talk about B,talking about C,to be talking D,talk about3.Im sorry,but Ive forgotten _my homework with me.A,to bring B,to be bring C,bringing D,broug
20、ht4.Thisroomneeds_.Itstooshabby.A.paintB.paintingC.topainD.painted5.Haveyouconsidered_toimproveyourspokenEnglish?A.practisinglisteningandspeakingB,practisingtolistenandspeakC.topractiselisteningandspeakingD.topractisetolistenandspeak6.Attheageof18hebegan_theimportanceofknowledge.A.understandB.unders
21、tandingC.understoodD.tounderstand7.Intheolddays,manypeoplecouldntafford_theirchildrentoschool.A.sentB,sendingC,tosendD,send8.-WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.-Whatdoyousuppose_toher?A，washappeningB,tohappenC,hashappenedD，havinghappened9.Weallappreciate_wheneveryouhavetime.A，JanedropinB，Janesdroppi
22、nginC，JanetodropinD，Janedropsin10.Haveyougotused_inHarbin?A,tolivingB,toliveC,livingD,tobeliving11.Nobodyiswillingtogotoapartywithout_.A,askingB,tobeaskedC,beingaskedD,havingasked非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语1:对对称称原原则则,主主语语是是动动名名词词,表表语语一一般般也也用用动动名词名词Seeingisbelieving.2:动动名名词词作作表表语语表表明明主主语语的的性性质质或或内内容
23、容（有有时可与主语互换）时可与主语互换）MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.TeachingyouEnglishismyjob.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征。表示情绪的使分词作表语表示主语的特点特征。表示情绪的使让动词其现在分词表示主动进行，让动词其现在分词表示主动进行，“令人令人”；过去分；过去分词表示完成被动，词表示完成被动，“感到感到”。不及物动词的过去分词。不及物动词的过去分词表示完成。表示完成。disappointed,drunk,amused,disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienc
24、ed,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worriedtired,worried等。等。等。等。Thebookisinterestingandthestudentsaremoved.Heiscoming.Thequestsaregone.Theleavesarefallen.分词作表语分词作表语v不定式作表语（不定式作表语（betodo）(1)计划，趋势将要
25、做的计划，趋势将要做的Sheistogetmarriednextweek.(2)责任，义务必须责任，义务必须Imtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow.(3)祁使祁使,命令不得命令不得Youretostandhere,doyouunderstand.(4)命运安排命运安排,注定做的注定做的Disneymetthemouseandhewastobecome afamousartist.非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途drinking water=the water that is(used)fordrinkin
26、g drinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowder,buildingmaterial,分词作定语分词作定语表表示示被被修修饰饰词词的的特特点点、特特征征;单单个个分分词词作作定定语语放放在在所所修修饰饰词词之之前前；分分词词短短语语作作定定语语，放放在在所所修修饰词之后。饰词之后。boiling water=the water that is boiling.fallenleaves,boiledwatersleepingchild=thechildwhoisasleepamovingfilm,amovedgirlTherewasasurp
27、risedlookonherfaceatthenews.2.当特定的谓语动词当特定的谓语动词(有有,需要需要,给给,找找,弄，弄，have,need,want,give,find,get)后的名词后的名词(或宾语或宾语)用不定式来修用不定式来修饰饰.1.I have a lot of work to do.1.I have a lot of work to do.2.I want to get something to read.2.I want to get something to read.3.Do you need some water to drink?3.Do you need s
28、ome water to drink?4.Please give me a piece of paper to write on.4.Please give me a piece of paper to write on.5.Let5.Let s find a room to put those things in.s find a room to put those things in.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语1.后置，表示将来后置，表示将来 In the years to come,we will study harder.This is the Hope Project Scho
29、ol to be built next year.3.当当名名词词有有特特定定的的定定语语,如如形形容容词词副副词词的的最最高高级级,序序数数词及词及next,only,right等等,其后接不定式作定语；其后接不定式作定语；He is the first(student)to come and the last to leave.Where is the best place to meet?We need the next room to hold corn.He is the only person to be fit for the job.4.一些需要不定式作宾语的动词转化成的名一些
30、需要不定式作宾语的动词转化成的名词词,agreement,attempt,decision,need,promise,plan,wish等,常用不定式来修饰.Thereisnoneedtosendforadoctor.注注:(1)不及物动词或特殊用法不及物动词或特殊用法,要加合适的介词要加合适的介词.Theyneedahousetolivein.Therearemanymodelbikestochoosefrom.1Theman_(stand)overtherenow.2Theman_(stand)overtherethen.3Theman_(stand)overthereyesterday.
31、4Theman_(stand)overthereveryoften.5Theman_(stand)overtheretomorrow.is standingwas standingstoodstandswill stand1Theman_(stand)overtherenowisfromAmerica.2Theman_(stand)overtherethenisfromAmerica.3Theman_(stand)overthereyesterdayisfromAmerica.4Theman_(stand)overthereveryoftenisfromAmerica.5Theman_(sta
32、nd)overtheretomorrowisfromAmerica.(who is)standing(who was)standing(who)stood-standing(who)stands-standing(who will)stand-to standFill in the blanks with verbs given in their proper formsFill in the blanks with verbs given in their proper forms1,1,TheThebuildingbuilding_(build_(build)here)herenownow
33、isisaschool.aschool.2,2,TheThebuildingbuilding_(build_(build)here)herethenthenisisaschool.aschool.3,3,TheThe buildingbuilding _(build)_(build)herehere lastlastyearisaschool.yearisaschool.4,4,TheThebuildingbuilding_(build)here_(build)here alreadyalreadyisaschool.isaschool.5,5,TheThe buildingbuilding
34、_(build)here_(build)here nextnextyear.year.which is being builtwhich was being built which was built that has been built that will be built(which is)being built (which was)being built(which was)built (that has been)built (that will)to be built非谓语动词作补语非谓语动词作补语一、带一、带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补(abrightpacefoul一次聪
35、明的速度犯规一次聪明的速度犯规)A，在在 allow,ask,advise,beg,command,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,hate,invite,like,order,permit,prefer,remind,tell,urge,want,wish等等动动词词后后,用用带带to的的不不定定式式作作宾宾补补(1)Ipreferyounottoplayalldaylong.(2)Id like you to help me with myhomework.(3)Youd better get more people to do thework.二二、表表
36、示示见见解解看看法法的的动动词词+宾宾语语+带带to的的不不定定式式(to be doing/to have done).具 有 这 种 用 法 的 动 词 有:believe,consider,declare,discover,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,suppose,think,understand1,We found the rumor to be true.2,I consider him to have done wrong.3,I always imagine me to be a millionaire.4,I felt him to be a
37、spy.三三、“短短语语动动词词+宾宾语语+带带to的的不不定式定式”这类动词有这类动词有 arrange for,ask for,call on,count on,depend on,long for,rely on,wait for1.You can not count on Tom to help you.2.Chairman Mao called on us to serve the people heart and soul.四四、省省to的不定式作宾补：的不定式作宾补：宾补省宾补省to记记11,一感二听三使役一感二听三使役;五看一帮两均可五看一帮两均可,被动该被动该to不能弃不能弃
38、.feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,notice,observe,watch,help,have,let,make,We often see them play football;They are often seen to play football He was made to stand outside for two hours 分词作宾补分词作宾补一一.能带现在分词做宾补的动词有能带现在分词做宾补的动词有:have,get,keep,set,send,leave,catch,hear,listen to,feel,see,find,look at,wat
39、ch,observe,notice My father had only two men working for him Dont have the horse running so fast,Its dangerous.Have you noticed the boy passing across the street?二、能带过去分词作宾补的动词有二、能带过去分词作宾补的动词有make,have,get,leave及感官动词及感官动词see,watch,lookat,find,hear,listento,feel等等.I was surprised to see so many peopl
40、e seated at the back of the class.I have never heard this song sung so sweetly.Youd better get your bike repaired at once.1.Theyrequiredme_(不要泄漏秘密）2._（我们劝他戒烟）,buthewouldnt.3.Weoftengoandseethem_(打篮球）4.Idiscoveredhim_(在说谎）5.Wefoundthem_(已经提前完成了任务）6.Theyweremade_(夜以继日地干活）7.Thetwocheats_(让灯亮了一整夜）8.Thet
41、hiefwascaught_(在商店里偷窃）9.Thegunshotsentthebirds_(四处飞去）10.Theyareexpected_(越来越努力学习）nottoletoutthesecretWeadvisedhimtogiveupsmokingplaybasketballtobetellingliestohavecompletedtheirtaskaheadoftimetoworkdayandnighthadthelampsburningallnightlong stealinginashopflyingawayinallthedirectionstostudyharderandh
42、arderMultiplechoice1.Themissingboywaslastseen_bytheriver.A,playingB,playC,playedD,toplay2.Donthavethehorse_sofast;Itsdangerous.A,torunB,runsC,runningD,ran3.Tomhadhispocket_onabusthismorning.A,pickB,topickC,pickingD,picked4.Peopleinthesouthoftenhavetheirhouses_bamboo.A,madeofB,makingofC,tobemadeofD,m
43、akeof5.5.PleasePleasecomecomehere;here;I Ihavehavesomethingsomethingimportantimportant_you.you.A,tellingB,tobetoldC,toldD,totellA,tellingB,tobetoldC,toldD,totell6.6.GirlsGirlsarearenotnotallowedallowed_theirtheirfingernailsfingernailsredredatatschool.school.A,paintedB,paintingC,topaintD,tobepaintedA
44、,paintedB,paintingC,topaintD,tobepainted7.7.YoudYoud betterbetter getget moremore peoplepeople _ thethe workworkimmediately.immediately.A,todoB,doingC,doD,doneA,todoB,doingC,doD,done8.Youd better get the work _ at once;Its gong to rain.A,to do B,doing C,do D,done 11.Miss Sara,I _ at the railway stat
45、ion.My boss is busy now.A am going to see you off B,to see you off C.am about to see you off D,must see you off10.What he said got us _ all the way.A,laughing B,laugh C,to laugh D,laughed非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语（1）不不定定式式做做状状语语，表表示示原原因因,目目的的或或结结果果。为为了了强强调调目的目的,可与可与inorderto或或soasto连用。连用。1,I reached home only
46、 to find my old dog dead.2,He got up early(in order)to catch the early bus.3,To improve our English,we come here.4,Im so glad to see you.5,They went to the railway station,only to be told that the train had left.注注:(1)“only+不定式不定式”表示出乎预料的结果表示出乎预料的结果.He went to the seaside only to be drowned(2)不定式表结果
47、常与下列结构连用不定式表结果常与下列结构连用.A,so+adj/adv+as(not)todo(如此如此以至于以至于(没）没）)Imnotsostupidastodothat.B,such+(adj)n+as(not)todo(如此如此以至于以至于(不不)Imnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.C,enough+n+todo(足够足够)Idonthaveenoughmoneytobuyacar.D,adj/adv+enough+todo(足已到足已到/能能)Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.E,too+adj/adv+todo(太太以至于不能以至
48、于不能)Imtootiredtogoanyfurther.分词作状语分词作状语 分分词词作作状状语语可可以以表表示示时时间间，条条件件，原原因因，结结果果，伴伴随随或方式或方式，及独立成分。，及独立成分。分分词词作作状状语语的的首首要要条条件件是是分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是句句子子的的主主语语，分分词词与与逻逻辑辑主主语语的的关关系系是是主主动动的的，用用现现在在分分词词，反反之之，用过去分词用过去分词1,Hearingthenews,hecouldnthelplaughing.（时间）时间）=2,Givenenoughtime,Icandoitbetter（条件）条件）=3,Being
49、ill,hedidntgotoschool（原因）原因）=whenheheardthenews,whenheheardthenews,IfIamgivenenoughtime,IfIamgivenenoughtime,Becausehewasill,Becausehewasill,.4,Theglassfelltotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果）=5,Our teacher came in,followed by manystudents(伴随）=6,Judging from his accent,he is fromAmerica.7,Generallysp
50、eaking,onemustbeconfident.and he was followed by many studentsso that it broke into piecesTask:complete the following sentencesTask:complete the following sentences 1.He came into the room,_(后面簇拥着许多学生）2.His mother died,_(使他成为一个孤儿）3.He went to the railway station,_(却得知火车已经开了）4.Im so glad _(见到你）.Bye-b