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1、 非谓语动词非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。谓语动词。例例:He likes to read the novel.:He likes to read the novel.例：例：He enjoyed traveling around world.He enjoyed traveling around world.例：例：John made Tom go with him.John made Tom go with him.解析：解析：英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词2 2依据依据动词动词1 1而变更。而我们看到的
2、动词而变更。而我们看到的动词2 2，及，及(to(to do,doing,donedo,doing,done等形式，就是非谓语动词）等形式，就是非谓语动词）单句中的动词1与动词2，动词1是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变更动词2依据动词1而变更例:He wanted to do thatI am enjoying seeing the filmLet us go!非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词的种类1.不定式 to do 有还没有做的含义.2.动名词doing 表示抽象的名词意义*3.现在分词doing 表示主动或进行的意义.*4.过去分词done 表示被动或完成的意义.动词不定式的基本形式是动词
3、不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形动词原形“，有时可以不带有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变更，在句子中动词不定式没有人称和数的变更，在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。用法：用法：1.用作宾语用作宾语 (v.+to do)I want to buy a computer.She hopes to find a better job.I wish to go with you.need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide
4、to do refuse to dobegin to do start to do try to doforget to do remember to do like to doStop to dogo on to do cant wait to doShe asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write.want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be
5、like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to doexpect sb to do在在find makefeel think consider+it+adj+to do sth句型中，句型中，it是形式宾语是形式宾语,真真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。I found it very difficult to get a job.The terrible weather made it impossible to go outing I feel it easy to recite the textAll the teachers
6、 consider it necessary to listen attentively in class.I went there to see my teacher.She came back to get her English book.The box was too heavy to move.(目的目的)(目的目的)（结果）（结果）常见动词有：常见动词有：一感：一感：feel二听：二听：listen to,hear三让三让:let,make,have四看四看:see,look at,watch,notice比较：比较：I saw her crossing the street.I
7、saw her cross the street.4.4.用作主语用作主语1.To be an actress is my dream.2.To go abroad is his dream.3.To say is easy,to do is difficult.（这时可将其用形式主语（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）来替换）It is my dream to be an actress.It is his dream to go abroad.It is easy to say,it is difficult to do.Its+adj+of sb+to do sth.Eg:你能邀请我，你真
8、是太和善了。Its very kind of you to invit me.若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.Eg:你真聪慧，解出了这道数学题。Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.Its+adj+for sb+to do sth.若形容词是描述事物的性质，用for sb.这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。Eg:对孩子们
9、来说，穿过繁忙的街道很紧急。Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.Eg:对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。Its difficult for us to finish the work.5.用作表语用作表语His work is to feed the animals.Her job is to look after the patients.My wish is to be a scientist.6.用作定语用作定语Give me something to drink.They have much food to e
10、at.（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.I have a meeting to attend 不定式作定语时不定式作定语时，应放在，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他而且放在其他后置定语之后后置定语之后。不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有
11、很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上高校的机会。我们都有上高校的机会。7.疑问词疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。When to start has not been decided.I dont know
12、what to do.He can tell you where to get the book.The question is how to get there.(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(宾语补足语宾语补足语)(表语表语)I dont know what to do.I dont know how to do it.I dont know what to do with it.I dont know how to deal with it.一些省略一些省略to的句型的句型1.Why not+动词原形动词原形 =Why dont you+动词原形动词原形2.Youd better(not)+动
13、词原形动词原形3.would rather(not)+动词原形动词原形4.make sb.(not)do5.let sb.(not)do6.have sb.(not)do7.help sb.do/to do 常见固定搭配常见固定搭配1.too to doThe desk is too heavy to carry.2.be+adj+enough to doThe room is big enough for 10 people to live in.3.Its time to do sth 或Its time for sb to do sth.Its time to have a rest.4
14、.It takes sb some time to do sth.It takes me three days to finish the job.5.be+adj（glad .sorry .sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后）+to do sth.(1)Im sorry to trouble you.1.It takes you ten minutes to get there.2.I hope to see him soon.3.His wish is to become an artist.4.People eat to live,but not live to eat
15、.5.I have a lot to tell you.6.Its not right to be always thinking of oneself.7.We often see him play football.定语定语主语主语状语状语表语表语宾语宾语主语主语宾语补足语宾语补足语1跳舞特殊好玩。跳舞特殊好玩。2种些植物是特殊有必要的。种些植物是特殊有必要的。3说英语对我来说并不简洁。说英语对我来说并不简洁。4听到你的声音真兴奋。听到你的声音真兴奋。To dance is a lot of fun.It is a lot of fun to dance.To grow plants is
16、 very important.To hear your voice is so nice.To speak English is not easy for me.It is so nice to hear your voice.1我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2最上策的支配就是马上离开这儿。最上策的支配就是马上离开这儿。33 我的幻想就是成为一名科学家。我的幻想就是成为一名科学家。My work is to clean the room every day.The best plan is to leave at once.My dream is to be a s
17、cientist.1他想借用我的录音机。他想借用我的录音机。2他们起先读和写。他们起先读和写。3李琳宠爱玩什么？她宠爱踢足球。李琳宠爱玩什么？她宠爱踢足球。4你长大了想做什么？你长大了想做什么？He wants to borrow my radio.They began to read and write.What sports does Li Lin like to play?She likes to play soccer.What do you want to be when you grow up?1 我有很多书要看。我有很多书要看。2 她有几个问题要问。她有几个问题要问。3 他有一台
18、电视要修。他有一台电视要修。4.我没什么可担忧的。我没什么可担忧的。I have many books to read.She has a few questions to ask.He has a TV set to repair.I have nothing to worry about.5他是一个值得信任的人。他是一个值得信任的人。66 爱迪生是第一个独创电灯的人。爱迪生是第一个独创电灯的人。77 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the first man to invent the lig
19、hts.His sick mother has three months to live at most.They looked for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree.a.liesb.lyingc.layd.lain考点：see/hear/find/watch sb.do sth.(望见某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watch sb.doing sth.（望见某人正在做某事）I saw him _ the supermarket just now.a.enteredb.enteringc.enterd.to enterT
20、he girl who sold matches was found _ the next morning.a.dieb.dyingc.diedd.dead-Do you remember _ me somewhere in Hangzhou?-Yes.I think thats 2 years ago.a.seeb.seeing c.to seed.saw forget/remember to do sth.forget/remember doing sth.stop/go on to do sth stop/go on doing sthThe scientist stopped _ to
21、 me though he was busy.a.talkingb.to talkc.to have talk d.having talkThe more you think about it,the more questions you will think of _.a.askb.askedc.askingd.to ask考点：to do 表示目的The doctor did what he could _ that child.a.saveb.to save c.savedd.savingI have no pen _.a.writing b.writing withc.to write
22、 withd.writing to do 作定语，如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语，其后需接介词动名词由动词动名词由动词+ing构成，兼有动词的特构成，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能，可在句中充当主语、征和名词的功能，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。宾语、表语、定语等。动名词的形式：动名词的形式：否定形式否定形式:doingnot doing2、在某些句型中、在某些句型中 it 作形式主语作形式主语It is no use doing 做做没用没用It is no good doing 做做没好处没好处It is useless doing 做。没用做。没用Its a waste of t
23、ime doing 做。是奢侈时间做。是奢侈时间一、一、作主语作主语1、动名词作主语动名词作主语(谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数)*Saying is easier than doing.*Being forced to use left hand to write will make us very uncomfortable.*It is no use crying over spilt milk.*It is no good smoking.*It is useless talking too much.*Its a waste of time having a talk with him
24、.二、作宾语二、作宾语1）作动词的宾语）作动词的宾语*She denied making a mistake.*He imagined leading a happy life.用动名词作宾语的动词有用动名词作宾语的动词有：V+doingfinish 完成完成forgive 宽恕宽恕keep 保持保持,坚持坚持imagine 设想设想miss 错过错过mind 介意介意suggest 建议建议practise 实行实行,实践实践cant help 不禁不禁admit 承认承认advise 建议建议allow 允许允许avoid 避开避开appreciate 感谢，欣赏感谢，欣赏consider
25、 考虑考虑dislike 不宠爱，厌烦不宠爱，厌烦deny 否认否认enjoy 享有享有,宠爱宠爱2)介词介词+ving(做介词宾语）做介词宾语）insist on,stick to,dream of,have difficulty/trouble in,feel like,succeed in,be afraid of,give up,go on,等。等。*He insisted on going there alone.*He left without saying good-bye to us.*Is there any hope of catching the early bus?*I
26、nstead of staying at home,I would rather go to the cinema.*We can improve English by practicing more.介词介词+doing look forward to doing sth.（盼望）（盼望）be/get used to doing sth.（习惯于）（习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更宠爱）（更宠爱）devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于）make a contribution to doing（做贡献）（做贡献）I am lookin
27、g forward to hearing from you.My father is used to riding a bike to work now.I prefer staying at home to going outside.The old man devoted all his money to helping the poor children.We should make a contribution to keeping our school clean.三、三、作表语作表语动名词作表语时一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作，动名词作表语时一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作，表语和主语常
28、常可以互换。表语和主语常常可以互换。1）His hobby is painting.=Painting is his hobby.2)The best policy is being honest.=Being honest is the best policy.四四.作定语作定语动名词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词前。动名词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词前。(动名词做定语动名词做定语 说明被修饰词的用途和性质）说明被修饰词的用途和性质）*drinking water=water for people to drink*the sleeping bag=the bag for sleeping*a w
29、alking stick=a stick for walking1.I cant imagine_ with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working2._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walked3.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to
30、be seen .用括号中动词的适当形式填空用括号中动词的适当形式填空 _(fish)is my favourite sport.I often _(fish)for hours without _(catch)anything.But this doesnt worry me.Some of the fishermen_ (be)unlucky.Instead of _(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.I am even less lucky.I never catch anything not even old shoes.After_(spend)whol
31、e mornings on the river,I always go home with an empty bag,“You must give up_(fish)!”My friends say.“Its a waste of time.”But they dont know one important thing.Im not really interested in _(fish).Im only interested in _(sit)in a boat and_(do)nothing at all.课时训练课时训练 Fishing fish catching are catchin
32、g spending fishing fishing sitting doing to do to do 与与doingdoing动名词与不定式语义不同动名词与不定式语义不同1.stop to do 2.forget to do3.remember to do 4.try to do5.go on to do 6.mean to do1.stop doing 2.forget doing3.remember doing 4.try doing5.go on doing 6.mean doing1)stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。停止，中断做
33、某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，他们停下来，抽了根烟。抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必需戒烟了。我必需戒烟了。典型例题典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.resting C.to restD.rest答案：答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路
34、边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth.停下来停下来去做另一件事去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。不正确。2)forget doing/to doforget to do遗忘要去做某事。(未做)forget doing遗忘做过某事。(已做)The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它遗忘关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light of
35、f.他遗忘他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)典型例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh，I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己遗忘了这一事实。此处不符合题意。3)remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做
36、某事记得去做某事(未做未做)remember doing记得做过某事记得做过某事(已做已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗你不记得以前见过那个人吗?4)try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事。努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你你可要多加当心。可要多加当心。I
37、 tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。5)go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 接着做原来做的事。接着做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。9)mean doing/to do mean to do 准备、想准备、想mean doing意味着意味着I m
38、ean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不愿让我去。我想去，但是我父亲不愿让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。赠加工资意味着增加购买力。感官动词感官动词+doing/do 感官动词感官动词（see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel）+do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示表示动作的连续性，进行性动作的连续性，
39、进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我望见他在花园里干活了。昨天我望见他在花园里干活了。(强调强调我望见我望见了了这个事实这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调（强调我见他我见他正干活正干活这个动作）这个动作）典型例题典型例题1）They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow 答案：答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正强调的是成长的过程，而非正 在长的动作，在长的动作，因此用因此用see sb do sth 的句型。的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playingC.playD.to play答案答案A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb.doing sth句型。句型。