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1、2023老高考旧教材英语高考第二轮专题复习考点分类练（六）推理判断题类Passage 1（2022安徽宣城二模）Have you ever found picking out the face of a friend in a group photo is sometimes hard,especially when everyone crowds together?In the same way,it can also be hard to read a passage of text when the letters are too close together.In fact,a new
2、 study shows that spacing the letters farther apart can help anyone read faster,and possibly understand more.Dyslexia is a common reading disorder.Crowded text was especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read.So researchers wanted to see if increasing the spacing between letters would help.
3、Steven Stagg,a scientist,studies how people think and learn.His team recruited 59 students between 11 and 15 years old,thirty-two of whom had dyslexia.While the researchers recorded them,each student read two passages out loud.One passage was in its original format.In the otherwhere was an increase
4、of 2.5 points in the spacing between the letters.The recording allowed the scientists to measure their reading speed and count any mistakes,such as skipped words.People with dyslexia often employ aids to help them read,such as colored overlays（覆盖物）.This time they are offered by the researchers.Those
5、 colored overlays didn t help either group of kids.But the extra spacing did.Kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text 13 percent faster than the text with original spacing.These kids also made fewer mistakes.Students without dyslexia read faster,too,although only by 5 percent.This is very good
6、news.It means teachers and publishers can print material with extra spacing between letters.Readers with dyslexia won t feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading.An organization called Readability Matters is working on these issues.The group is trying to get tech companies to make c
7、hanges that should make reading easier.Stagg says,Some methods have shown mixed results,but letter spacing seems to be the one thing that everyone is finding works.”l.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To make the article interesting.B.To present a common problem.C.To lead to the topic of
8、the article.D.To provide a new solution.2.What do you know about people with dyslexia?A.They may understand everything while reading wider-spaced text.B.They may read faster than normal kids while reading wider-spaced text.C.They may free from dyslexia after increasing letter spacing.D.They may feel
9、 singled out while using colored overlays for reading.1.1 n which column of a newspaper can we probably find this passage?A.Science study.B.Campus life.C.Star stories. D.Business.4 .What is the best title for the text?A.Readers Try to Improve Reading SpeedB.You Just Need More SpaceC.Colored Overlays
10、 Are Helpful Aids D.Dyslexia Affects Reading SpeedPassage 2（2022广西桂林梧州一模）The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years,the latest report by the World Meteorological（气象）Organization（WMO）said on September Ist.However,thanks to improved early warning systems
11、 and disaster management,the number of death from these hazards（危 险）has been almost three times less.According to the WMO,from 1970 to 2019,weather,climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this per
12、iod were droughts,storms,floods and extreme temperatures.However,deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.Weather,climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change, says WMO Se
13、cretary-General Petteri Taalas.“That means more heatwaves,drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America.We have more water vapor in the atmosphere,which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding.The warming of the ocean has affected the frequenc
14、y and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms.Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases.But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.Quite simply,we are better than ever before at s
15、aving lives,“ Taalas said.5 .What do we know from the first paragraph?A.Disasters connected with weather have gone up.B.The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.C.The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.D.Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.6 . What will
16、 happen according to Petteri Taalas?A.There will be more extreme weather.B.Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.C.Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.D.Human will conquer extreme weather in the end.7 .What is hopeful behind the bad news?A.Improved warning systems will save economic losses.8
17、.Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.C.More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.D.Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.9 .Where may the text be taken from?A.A novel.B.A brochure.C.A guideline.D.A magazine.Passage 3(2022广西南宁二模)In order to get ri
18、d of goldenrod from the city,the government of Wuhan is encouraging residents to report any findings of the plant,which is classified as a harmful alien species.Goldenrod is one of the most successful and widespread alien plant species.lt is often referred to as “the flower of the devil”,as it sprea
19、ds extremely fast and causes other plants to die.Besides Hubei province,the plant has also been found expanding in other provinces such as Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Although local authorities have tried to get rid of the plant,it is proving to be a difficult task.Goldenrod represents just one of the ali
20、en species that are aggressive towards the country s native species.Statistics show that by 2020,nearly 800 kinds of alien species had invaded the country,among which 638 species have invaded the country? s agricultural and forestry ecosystems,causing direct economic losses of about 200 billion yuan
21、($31.36 billion).At the United Nations Biodiversity Conference held in Kunming,Yunnan province,the invasion of alien species was the subject of discussions,as it was regarded as one of the two most important factors leading to the loss of biodiversity,the other being human-caused ecological damage.C
22、hina passed its Biosecurity Law on April 15,2021,which provides the legal basis for preventing the invasion of alien species and protecting biodiversity in the country.The relevant departments also strictly carry out port inspections and quarantines so as to keep harmful organisms out of the country
23、,and they strengthen early warning and monitoring systems so as to address the invasion as early as possible.However,while government departments are making every effort to prevent and control the situation,the participation of the people should not be ignored.lt is also necessary,as Wuhan is doing,
24、to encourage people to pay attention to invasive species and actively play a role in keeping them at bay.Preventing any invasion by an alien species and protecting biodiversity should not just be the government departments fighting alone,but also a people s war.10 What can we learn about goldenrod f
25、rom the text?A.It originates in Wuhan.B.It does harm to people s health.C.It is a great threat to the surrounding plants.D.It causes an economic loss of about $31.36 billion.11 .What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A.China s efforts to stop the invasion of alien species.B.Relevant departments warning of
26、 goldenrod.C.The legal basis to protect biodiversity.D.The importance of port inspections and quarantines.12 .What do the underlined words keeping them at bay“ in the last paragraph mean?A.Keeping the invasive species out of the country.B.Building some barriers for the species.C.Preventing the flowe
27、rs from growing fast.D.Keeping the alien species safe at the port.12.In which section of a newspaper can this text be found?A.Business.B.Culture.C.Environment.D.Opinion.考点分类练（六）推理判断题类Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究说明增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读 障碍的人阅读，让无阅读障碍的人阅读速度更快。1 .C解析推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，与在合影中识别朋友的脸有时很难一样，字母靠得
28、太近也让人难以识别，而研究说明加大字母间隔能帮助人提高阅读速度，承接下文,引出第二段内 容。所以第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。2 .D 解析推理判断题。由第四段中的“People with dyslexia often employ aids to help them read,such as colored overlays（覆盖物）.”和倒数第二段中的“Readers with dyslexia won t feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading.”可推断出，当阅读障碍患者使用彩色版面阅读 时，他们可能会感到被孤
29、立了。3 .A解析推理判断题。本文主要是介绍一项科学研究，会在报纸的“科学研究”专栏找到这篇文 章。4 .B解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读障碍的人阅读,B项 “你只需要更多的（字母）空间符合文意。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多，但 是人类可以通过早期预警系统拯救更多的生命。5 .A 解析细节理解题。由第一段第一句中的“The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years”可
30、知，与气候相关的灾难增多 了。6 .A 解析细节理解题。由第三段Petteri Taalas说的话可知,Petteri Taalas认为极端天气会增 多。7 .C 解析细节理解题。由最后一段中的“But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.“可 知,预警系统会拯救更多生命。8 .D 解析 推理判断题。由第三段中的“says WMO Secretary-Genera
31、l Petteri Taalas.”和第五段结 尾的“Taalas said.”可知，文章引用了世界气象组织官员的话,所以最可能出自电视或广播的专题 节目,magazine有“（电视、广播）专题节目”的意思。Passage 3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了麒麟草被列为有害外来物种,它是最成功、 分布最广的外来植物之一。它通常被称为“魔鬼之花”，因为它传播速度极快，会导致其他植物死 亡。文章还说明了中国对于阻止外来物种入侵的努力情况等。9 .C 解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Goldenrod is one of the most successful and widespread
32、alien plant species.lt is often referred to as the flower of the devil ,as it spreads extremely fast and causes other plants to die.”可知，麒麟草对周围的植物是一个巨大的威胁。10 .A 解析主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知，第五段主要讲的是中国阻止外来物种入侵的努 力。11 .A 解析 词句猜想题。根据最后一段中Preventing any invasion by an alien species and protecting biodiversity shoul
33、d not just be the government departments fighting alone,but also a people s war.”以 及画线 词组上 文“encourage people to pay attention to invasive species and actively play a role in”可知,文章提出要鼓励人们关注入侵物种，并积极发挥作用，把入侵物种赶出 这个国家。故画线词意思是“把入侵物种赶出这个国家”。12 .C解析推理判断题。文章主要说明了麒麟草被列为有害外来物种,它是最成功、分布最广 的外来植物之一。文章还说明了中国对于阻止外来物种入侵的努力情况。由此可推知,文章出 自“环境”版面。