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1、2023老高考旧教材英语高考第二轮专题复习考点分类练（十二）主旨大意题段落大意类Passage 1（2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模）The world is getting greener,according to a new study published in Nature this week.Chi Chen,lead author of （he study,and his colleagues have been mining data collected by an orbiting NASA camera that monitors green vegetation on Earth
2、s surface,day by day.Even more interest!ng:They are able to show the exact causes of increasing or decreasing leaf cover in particular areas.In some cold placesjncrease in leaf cover apparently resulted from global warming.Since the climate is becoming more and more temperate and the growing season
3、is getting longer and longerJhc plants are growing bigger and leafier there.“One large area of Brazil lost vegetation.I personally checked the data,and that * s because of lack of rain,“ Chen said.The most striking changes,though,were （he result of human decisions in China and India.Both countries h
4、ave been getting a lot greener.The greening of India,Chen says,comes from a huge expansion of irrigated agriculture.Instead of having just crops when it s raining.they also have a whole six months of cropping and greenness when it s not raining J he says/kThis version of greening isn t really so gre
5、at for the enviionment,though.The irrigation drains groundwater,vegetation is wiped away at harvest time and the extra chemicals farmers use produce greenhouse gases.”In China.though.about half of the new leaf cover that Chen detected appears to be the result of a massive reforestation effort.It* s
6、a government-supported attempt to prevent disastrous dust storms that resulted from earlier deforestation.4tThey are really doing a good job, Chen says/They have a large and comprehensive tree-planting program.Thosc trees will stay in place,capturing（捕捉）dust and also CO2,thc greenhouse gas.They II s
7、tore it in woodwools and soii,doing their part （o slow global warming.” 1.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “lemperate in paragraph 3? A.Warm.B.Wet.C.ColdD.Dry.2 .What has led to the decrease of leaf cover in the Brazilian area?A.Tree cutting.B.Dry weather.C.Seasonal harvest.
8、D.Desertification.3 .How does Chi Chen probably feel about the greening in India?A.Excited.B.Puzzled.C.Worried.D.Annoyed.4 .What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.The benefits of tree planting.B.The harm of global wanning.C.The costs of greening in China.D.Thc cause of greening in China.Passage 2
9、（2022吉林延边一模）Many people have wann memories of playing games while growing up.Do you remember running around outside as a child playing rock-paper-scissors?You may not have realized it,bu（ games are a very important part of life.During prehistoric times,humans would play a game called Knucklebones.To
10、 play Knucklebones,the players would balance small objects like sheep ankle bones on the top of their hands,toss（抛掷）them into the air,and then try to catch as many as possible.But why do people love games so much?They are fun to play,but that isn t the only reason.For most.games are “like chocolate:
11、a guilty pleasure consumed secretlyCanadian-American game designer Sid Meier said,“They have a scries of interesting choices. The rock-papcr-scissors game is just an example.In every turn,people make a judgment,which is often based on their personalities and past experiences/Navigating these choices
12、 shapes the course of play,revealing who we are and how we think,“ The New York Times noled.“Playing a game is an act of exposition（展示）Games such as this require a faster way of thinking than in everyday life.But inlerestingly,when the game is over,the players can switch out of a competition mode qu
13、ickly and return to normal/It separates a game from realityJSani Von Ehren of The New York Tinies wrote.We can enter and exit the magic circle freely.”Games can also be used to help improve critical thinking skills.Just take Go as an example.Go is a game that was made in ancient China.and it is stil
14、l even played today.Even though we don t exactly know how Go started,many researchers think it was invented to help teach tactics and strategy skills.Even today,games arc being used to help solve real-world problems.These types of games are called serious games,and they arc used to help find solutio
15、ns to problems in fields such as education and healthcare,among others.Perhaps playing games helps us to think outside the box in a fun and interesting way.5 .What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A.The way to play Knucklebones.B.The development of Knucklebones.C.The popularity of Knucklebones.D.The
16、objects of Knucklebones.6 . What can wc say about the rock-papcr-scissors game?A.It is a game of eating chocolate.B.It shows the players , personalities.C.The way of thinking is a necessary rule.D.Judgments decide the players past experiences. 7.What does the underlined word in paragraph 6 mean? A.A
17、wareness.B.Emotion.C.Politeness.D.Method.8 . What can we infer about games? A.Ganics are nothing but fun and interesting. B.Games are serious in the world of adults. C.Playing games may encourage creativity. D.Wc should play games while solving problems.Passage 3(2022江西九江二模)A new study warns 1,500 e
18、ndangered languages could no longer be spoken by the end of this century.The study,led by The Australian National University(ANU),identified predictors that put endangered languages at high risk.Co-author Professor Lindell Bromham said that of the world s 7,000 recognized languages.around half were
19、currently endangered.*We found that without immediate interveniion.Ianguage loss could triple in the next 40 years. A nd by the end of this century, 1,500 languages could cease to be spoken.”Their study finds the widest range of factors ever putting endangered languages under pressure.One finding wa
20、s that more years of schooling increased the level of language endangernient.The researchers say it shows wc need to build curricula that support bilingual cducation,promoting both native language proficiency as well as use of regionally-dominant languages.Across the 51 factors or predictors vve inv
21、estigatcd,vve also found some really unexpected and surprising pressure points.This included road density? Professor Bromham said.He added,“Contact with other local languages is not the problem.But we found that (he more roads there are.connecting the country to cities,and villages (o towns,the high
22、er the risk of languages being cndangcrcd.lt s as if roads arc helping dominant(主导的)languages 4 steam roll t over other smaller languages?Professor Bromham said the study s findings were a vital reminder that more action was urgently needed to preserve at-risk languages.He addedWhen a language is lo
23、st,or is sleeping as we say fbr languages that arc no longer spoken,wc lose so much of our human cultural diversity.Every language is brilliant in its own way.Many of the languages predicted to be lost this century still have lluent speakers,so there is still the chance to invest in supporting commu
24、nities to bring native languages back to life and keep them strong fbr future generations.”.Which suggestion is mentioned to save the endangered languages? A.Setting up bilingual courses.B.Avoiding building more roads. C.Opening more local schools. D.Contacting different languages.9 .What does the a
25、uthor mainly tell us in paragraph 3?A.Some exact examples for the new research.B.Detailed ways to help dominant languages.C.Different factors to brighten at-risk languages.D.Elements to make endangered languages at risk.1 l.What s Bromham s attitude towards saving at-risk languages?A.Indifferent.B.H
26、opeless.C.Optimistic.D.Uncertain.12.What can be the best title for the text?A. 1,500 endangered languages at high risk.B.A new study concerning dominant languages.C.Reasons putting languages under pressure.D.Some good ways to save endangered languages.考点分类练（十二）主旨大意题段落大意类Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介
27、绍了 Chi Chen及同事利用在轨卫星的地面监控 数据分析全球绿地面积的变化。1 .A 解析词义猜想题。根据画线词前“In some cold places,increase in leaf cover 叩 parently resulted from global warming.”及后面的and the growing season is getting longer and longcr,thc plants are growing bigger and leafier there”可知，植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多是因为气候变 暖。因此画线词temperate意为“暖和的”,应选
28、A项。2 .B 解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“I personally checked the data,and that s because of lack of rain”可知，巴西地区树叶覆盖的减少是因为天气干燥。3 .C 解析推理判断题。根据第六段中“This version of greening isn I really so great.use produce greenhouse gases.”可知,过度耕种会对环境造成负面影响。由此推知.Chi Chen对印度的 过度耕作所造成的绿地面积增加感到担忧。4 .D 解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“In China,though,
29、about half.resulted from earlier deforestation.”可知，最后一段主要讲的是中国的绿化事业。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玩游戏的好处。5 .A 解析主旨大意题。根据第二段中“To play Knucklebones,the players would.and then try to catch as many as possible.”可知,第二段主要讲的是玩Knucklebones这个游戏的方法，即The way to play Knucklebones.B 解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“The rock-papc
30、r-scissors game is just anexample. * Playing a game is an act of exposition. * 可知,石头剪刀布游戏展示 了 玩家的个性。7 .D 解析词义猜想题。根据第六段中“Games can also be used to help improve critical thinking skills.Just take Go as an example.和“many researchers think it was invented to help teach”和“and strategy skills”可知,围棋是为了帮助教和
31、“策略技巧”类似的东西，也就是“方法”，因此画线词 tactics的意思是“方法，和method意思相近。8 .C 解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Perhaps playing games helps us to think outside the box in a fun and interesting way.”可推断出,玩游戏也许会激发创造力。Passage 3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究说明，到本世纪末,1500种濒临灭绝的语言将不 再被使用,如果不立即进行干预，语言丧失将在未来40年增加两倍。9 .A 解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The researchers
32、say it shows.use of regionally- dominanl languages.可知，拯救濒危语言的建议是开设双语课程。10 .D 解析主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容,尤其是第一句Their study finds the widest range of factors ever putting endangered languages under pressure.“可知，第三段主要讲的是这些造 成语言濒临灭绝的因素。11 .C 解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Many of the languages predicted.strong for future generations.”推知，布罗姆对拯救濒危语言持乐观的态度。12 .A 解析主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段及第二段中“We found that without immediate intervention. 1,500 languages could cease to be spoken.”可知,文章主要介绍一项研究说明 1500 种 濒危语言面临不再被使用的风险,并提出解决该问题的方法。A项可以作为最正确标题。