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1、考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译affiliate afilieitv.使隶属，使附属于n.附属机构,分公司fulfill fulfilv. (fulfil)完成,履行，实践，满足同义词finish真题例句Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. （ 2002 考研英语阅读 Test3 ）参考译文：能源保护、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性降低,
2、 这些都减少了石油消耗量。1. fulfillment n.滤器,滤纸真题例句With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. （2004考研英语阅读Testi）参考译文：由于网上的求职招聘网站成千上万，因此寻找有前途的空缺 职位efficiencylifijbnsin.效率；功效真题例句The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,
3、shareholder value, business- friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. （ 2015 考研英语阅读 Test4 ）参考译文：重要的字眼是效率，弹性，股东利益，商业友好，财富创造, 销售额，影响力，以及报界的发行量。13. infect infektvt.传染，感染；影响（思想等）【同义词】contaminate【真题例句】At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infec
4、tions got in the way. （ 2008 考研英语阅读 Text 3 ）20世纪之初，营养不足和儿童传染病阻碍了他们身高的增长。14. infectious infekjbsa.传染的，传染性的，有感染力的15. perfect p9：fikt, psfekta.完善的；完全的；（语法）完成的v.使完美【真题例句】As Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft. （ 2013 考研英语阅读 Text 1）参考译文：正如克莱恩是首先注意到的那样，博蒙特花了几十年才让工 艺无懈
5、可击。16. perfection pafekn n.尽善尽美，完美【真题例句】Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.（2009考研英语新题型）参考译文：斯宾塞认为，所有的世俗现象，包括人类社会，都随着时间 的推移而改变,向完美的方向发展。17. fictionlfikjbnn.虚构，编造；小说真题例句The potential evolution of today s technology, and
6、 its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it s perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. （ 2013 考研英语阅读 Test3 ）参考译文：当代技术可能发生的变化及其社会影响复杂得令人眩晕，或 许最好的办法是将我们能够想象到的各种可能性留给科幻小说家和未 来学家去探索。18. difficultdifik9lta.困难的，艰难的同义词
7、hard真题例句Unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. （ 2010 考研英语阅读 Test4 ）参考译文：除非银行以能吸引买家的价格出售其不良资产，否则复兴 银行体系将困难重重。19. difficultyldifiksltin.困难，困境,难题同义词trouble真题例句One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science c
8、ontinues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. （ 2002 翻译）参考译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、 性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。20. office ofis,n.办公室，力事处；职务，公职；部，局，处【真题例句】Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 ; the new land
9、was carved into 13 states, including three slave states. （ 2008 考研英语阅读 Text 4 ）参考译文：参考译文：杰佛逊在任总统期间通过1803年的“路易斯安 那购地扩大了奴隶制，这片新国土被划分成13个州，其中三个实行 奴隶制。21. officerofis8,n.官员,办事员；工作人员；军官【真题例句】A certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and aBulgarian officer. （ 2000 考研英语阅读 Text 3 ）参考译文：某一行诗描写了一名土耳其
10、军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座 桥上发生了搏斗。22. official8fijbl, 9U-n.官员，行政官员a.官方的，官方的，正式的【真题例句】The court s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism. （ 2017 考研英语阅读 Text 4 ）参考译文：法院的裁决是在打击腐败以及行政不公方面的一次进步。23. suffice sa fa isv.充足，足够vt.（食物等）使（某人）满足24. sufficient S9 fijhta. （for
11、）足够的,充分的（比enough拘谨、正式）【同义词】competent plenty【真题例句】They were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. （ 2004英语知识运用）参考译文：他们以前的不良行为没有受到应有的惩罚，或者由于受别人 影响而学会了犯罪。25. sufficient! so fijhtb. （for）足够的,充分的（比enough拘谨、正式）【同义词】com
12、petent plenty【真题例句】They were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. （ 2004英语知识运用）参考译文：他们以前的不良行为没有受到应有的惩罚，或者由于受别人 影响而学会了犯罪。26. benefit benifit n.利益，好处，恩惠v.有益于；（from,by）受益【同义词】favor; profit真题例句It is impractical for
13、the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition.参考译文：对受过教育者来说，享受雄心壮志带来的益处是不现实的。 （ 2000考研英语阅读text5选项）beneficial , benifijbla. （to）有利的,有益的【同义词】favorable ; profitable真题例句All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers.参考译文：所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害。（ 2001考研英语阅 读 text4 ）prof it profitn.利润，收益v. (by, from)得利，
14、获益；有利于【同义词】behalf margin【真题例句】But it s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit.参考译文：但是我们，人类，我们创造了我们想要的社会，不是利润。 (2015 Text 4)profitableprofita bla.有利可图的，有益的【同义词】beneficial helpful【真题例句】Gambling has passed pornography as the Web s most profitable business. (2006 新题型)
15、参考译文：赌博已经超过色情业成了网络上最赚钱的生意。27. proficiencylpraufijansi n. （in）熟练，精通【同义词】【真题例句】 参考译文：28. classifyklaesifai v.分类，分等（级）真题例句There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.参考译文：对于这个词所指的各种行为，人们的看法比如何解释或分类 更为一致。Q989考研英语翻译）classific
16、ationklaesifikeijan n.分类，分级【同义词】assort真题例句To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. （ 2012 翻译） 参考译文：从共有特征中滤出独有特性，这使我们得以理解复杂的文化 行为是如何产生的，并从进化或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。5. file failn.铿
17、刀；文件,档案v.铿同义词document真题例句Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. （ 2010 考研英语阅读 Test2 ）参考译文:后来，一些发展更为成熟的公司也竞相加入专利申请的行列, 希望能借此防御竞争对手抢占先机。6. profilelraufailidentifyaidentifai v.识别,鉴别;(with)
18、把和看成一样【同义词】distinguish【真题例句】Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. ( 2007 考研 英语新题型)参考译文：与此同时，要找到孩子持久的兴趣是什么，因为这些兴趣往 往会告诉我们孩子以后最适合做什么。34. identificationai,dentifikeijQnn.识别，鉴别；件；认同35. magnifymaegnifaivt.放大，扩大，夸大，夸张【真
19、题例句】Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like Linkedln. （ 2016 考研英语新题型）参考译文：此外，我们呈现的任何形象都会被Linkedln这样的社交媒 体服务放大。36. magn讦icentmaegnifisanta.华丽的，高尚的，宏伟的【同义词】gorgeous ; superb【真题例句】The space shuttle, the world s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step in making the
20、 impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man. （ 1992 英语知识运用）参考译文：航天飞机世界上第一艘真正的宇宙飞船它的诞生是人类在维护自身利益和生存的道路上变不可能为可能所迈出的辉煌 一步。37. signifysignifai v.表示，意味；要紧，有重要性【同义词】indicate bid【真题例句】They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people7 s social structure, such as initiat
21、ion ceremonies that formally signify children7 s entrance into adulthood. （ 2009 新题 型）参考译文：他们也关注一些看上去维系一个种族的社会结构的重要仪式, 例如标志着孩童正式迈入成年的成人礼。38. significant signifikanta.有意义的；重大的，重要的【同义词】valid important【真题例句】Each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. （ 1999 翻译）
22、参考译文：每一代史学家都要重新判定过去哪些史料对他们具有重要价 值significance signifikonsn.意义，含义；重要性,重要的【同义词】meaning stress【真题例句】While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. （ 2007 翻译）参考译文：尽管律师的评论和反应能够提高新闻报道的
23、价值，但是，记 者们最好还是依靠自己对于事件重要性的理解来做出判断。39. famefeimn.名声；名望；传说vt.出名;传扬的名同义词reputation真题例句The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens1 s fame. （ 2017 新题型）参考译文：如今广为人知的匹克威克外传获得的巨大成功，确立 了狄更斯的声誉。40. famousfeim8sa.著名的同义词popular真题例句The most famous of these efforts
24、was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. （2012翻译）参考译文：在这些寻找语言共性的努力中，最著名的是由Noam Chomsky倡导的。他认为人类有一种与生俱来的能掌握通用语法的语 言习得能力。41. familyfaemilin.家,家庭成员；氏族，家庭；族，科a.家庭的；家族的；适合于全 家的真题例句Worse, the crucial i
25、ncome to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. （ 2014 考研英语阅读 Testi）参考译文：更糟糕的是，你失去了用以养活自己以及家人和支付账单的 重要收入。42. familiartfsiriiljsa.熟悉的；通晓的；亲近的n.熟客；密友真题例句We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routin
26、e.（ 2009考研英语阅读Testi）参考译文：我们让大脑处于自动导航状态，轻松地进入由常规惯例带来 的无意识的舒适状态。n.侧面（像）；轮廓，外形；人物简介【同义词】configuration side【真题例句】A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career. （ 2001 阅读 5 ）参考译文：一次平级的（职位）调动伤了我的自尊心，并阻碍了我的事 业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的
27、职业。7. filmfilmn.电影；胶片;薄膜，薄层vt.把.拍成电影同义词movie真题例句In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnz t affect her. （ 2013 考研 英语阅读Testi）参考译文：2006电影版时尚女魔头中，Meryl Streep所饰演的 Miranda Priestly
28、斥责其平凡乏味的助手，原因是她认为高级时尚与自 己无关。8. full fula. （of）满的,充满的a./ad.完全，充分真题例句Direct links between the brain s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. （ 2001 翻译）参考译文：大脑神经系统和计算机之间的直接连接还会创造出全方位感 受虚拟环境，使电影全部回
29、忆中展示的虚拟假期成为可能。1. factor faekton.因素，要素同义词factor element ingredient真题例句Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. （ 2017 考研英语阅读 Testi）参考译文：还有一个因素可能是，越来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随 身行李以避免行李安检费用，尽管航空公司对此强烈
30、反对。2. factory faekts rin.工厂同义词plant真题例句They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. （ 2002 考研英语阅读 Test2 ）参考译文：他们建造出来的机器人在严格控制的工厂环境里，能够识别 仪表盘上小于一毫米的误差。3. satisfactory , saetisfaektsria.令人满意的，圆满的，良好的，符合要求的【同义词
31、】satisfaction , saetisfaeknn.满足，满意；乐事，愉快【同义词】content fill【真题例句】In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. （ 2000 阅读 4 ）参考译文：此外，与被调查的其他10个国家工人相比，对自身工作表 示不满的日本工人数量要多得多。4. affectlofekt, aefektvt.影响；感动，
32、打动；（疾病）侵袭；n.情感，感情【同义词】impact; influence【真题例句】The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.（ 1998 考研英语阅读 Text 4 ）参考译文：从人口过度密集地区的逃离，影响了以前那种从寒冷地带到 气候宜人地区的迁徙趋势。5. affection9 fekjb nn.感情；喜爱；爱慕之情；疾病，不适6. defectdi:fektn.过失；缺点；不足同义词flaw7. deficitdefisitn.赤字，
33、逆差；亏损，亏空；不足，缺乏同义词deficiency8. deficiencydifinsin.缺乏,不足；缺点,缺陷同义词Shortcoming真题例句For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women（2014完型）参考译文：体重较重的女性比身材较瘦的女性患缺钙的可能性较小9. effectifektn.结果；效果；影响；印象vt招致；实现；达到同义词influence真题例句Scientists jumped to the rescue with some di
34、stinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. （ 2010 翻译）参考译文：科学家们赶忙拿出某种显然不太站得住脚的证据来营救，意 思是说如果鸟类无法控制虫子，虫子就会吃光我们人类的粮食。10. effectiveifektiva.有效的，生效的；被实施的；给人深刻印象同义词valid真题例句Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. （ 2007 新题型）参考译文：孩子需要大量的实践，让其学会延迟满足和运用有效的组织 能力，比如统筹时间和明确轻重缓急。11. efficientifinta.有效的，效率高的；有能力的，能胜任的同义词capable