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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1 We take plagiarism （票!）窃）very seriously and, as a result, our publishing platform includes a comprehensive system to ensure.A. adaptations. maturityC. originalityD. distinctiveness答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们非常重视剽窃，因此，我们的出版平台包括一个全面的系统，以确保原创性。 A.adaptation适应；B.maturity
2、成熟;C.originality独创性，原创性;D.distinctiveness独特性。结合句意，重视 剽窃，禁止剽窃，为的是确保原创，空处意思应该是原创性。应选C。2、 His natural and wisdom made him very popular among the colleagues.A. charityB. chainC. charmD. chart答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。A.charity慈善机构；B.chain链条；C. charm魅力；D. chart图表。根据 wisdom可知，他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很
3、受欢迎。应选C项。3、 Our main task at the moment is to provide a for the survivors of the disaster-hit areas.A. routeB. concernC. shelterD. schedule答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们目前的主要任务是，为受灾地区的幸存者提供庇护所。A.route路线；B.concern 关心；C.shelter 避难所,住所；D.schedule 时间表。根据句中 for the survivors of the disaster-hit areas 可知，此处指给受灾地区的
4、幸存者提供住所。应选C。4、 Visitors are not permitted anything without.31、 To develop advanced technology, we must first develop in the young people.A. resourceB. opportunityC. facilityD. creativity答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：要开展先进技术，首先要培养青年人的创造力。A. resource资源；B. opportunity 机会；C.facility设备、设施；D. creativity创造力。根据To deve
5、lop advanced technology”可知，开展先进技术 首先要开展创造力。应选D项。32、 If we want to achieve success or get over the difficulties on the way, we shouldnt focus too much on the side of our life .A. positiveB. advantageC. negativeD. disadvantage答案：c解析：考查形容词/名词辨析。句意：如果我们想取得成功或克服路上的困难，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一 面。A. positive积极的;B.a
6、dvantage优势（名词）；C.negative消极的；D.disadvantage劣势。根据空前的we shouldnt focus too much on可知，我们不应该过多地关注生活的消极一面。应选Co33、The managing director of this department took the for the accident, although it was not really hisfault.A. guiltB. responseC. blameD. conservation答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任，尽管这并不是他的
7、错。A.guilt内疚；B.response 答复；C. blame 责任;D. conservation 节约。根据下文“although it was not really his fault.”可知，这 个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任。take the blame for承当的责任。应选C项。小提小:1034 It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的
8、震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B.magnitude震级；C.honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。35、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar答案：C解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B. lovely可 爱的；C.pressure压力；D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词th
9、e,以及作定语的形容词great可 知,应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语，且underpressure是常用词组,表示“承受压力。应选C项。36、 Anyone cant leave school without the head teachers.A. permissionB. permitC. possibilityD. prediction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有校长的允许，任何人都不能离开学校。A.permission允许；B.permit许可证； C.possibility可能性;D.prediction预测。without ones permission未
10、经许可为固定短语,符合句意。应选A项。37、 I missed the first of the play.A. sceneB. novelC. envelopeD. patience答案：A 解析:11 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我错过了这出戏的第一幕。A.scene场景；B.novel小说；C.envelope信封； D.patience耐心。根据of the play可知，此处指的是戏剧的第一幕，应选A。小提示：38、 I wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. att
11、entionD. appreciation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给他写了一封信，对他的体贴关怀表示感谢。A. achievement成就；B.agreement同意；C.attention注意力；D. appreciation感谢。结合句意可知，此处是表达对别人体贴的感激， 用appreciation符合题意。应选Do39、Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by th
12、e latter.A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为你的习惯和性格受到前者（书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒，formal正式的；B pany同伴,former前者（的）；C.hatred 憎恨,formal 正式的；D. virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据“Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟
13、，所以选同伴；根据the latter可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照，所以选前者，应选B。40、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A. fortuneB. hardshipsC. prideD. kindness12答案：B 解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就
14、连大人都用难听的名字称呼她。A. fortune 运气;B. hardships 逆境，艰难；C. pride 自豪;D. kindness 善行。根据后文she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults”可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线词所 指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。41、 The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match, so I put it away somewhere out of
15、 my.A. sceneB. sceneryC. controlD. sight答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球总是让我想起那场比赛中的错误，所以我刻意不去看它。A.scene现场；B.scenery 风景；C.control 控制；D. sight 视力。 根据The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match” 可知，一看到足球就让我想起比赛中的失误，所以我刻意不去看它。out of sight 看不见，在视野之外。故 选Do42、He is a wonderful of mine and we can talk
16、for hours on end.A. componentB. committeeC. communityD. companion答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我的好伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。A. component组成局部；B.committee 委员会；C. community 社区；D. companion 同伴。根据前文“He及后文we can talk for hours on end” 可知，此处指同伴；伙伴。应选D项。43、You should have asked for your parentsbefore you go out for a whole ni
17、ght.A. permissionB. excitementC. admissionD. encouragement答案：A13解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你出去整晚之前应该征得你父母的许可。A. permission许可；B.excitement激动;C. admission 成认;D. encouragement 鼓励。根据空后“before you go out for a whole night.”可知，因为要外出待一整晚，所以空处需用名词permission,表示获得父母的许可。应选A。44 They put an in a newspaper looking for rock
18、musicians.A. mapB. advertiseC. informationD. advertisement答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在报纸上登广告寻找摇滚音乐家。A. map地图；B. advertise登广告；C.information信息；D. advertisement广告。由空后“looking for rock musicians可知，此处表示登广告寻找摇滚音 乐家，不定冠词an后需接名词advertisemento应选D。45 Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activi
19、ties to make their teaching easier.A. medicalB. visualC. firstD. band答案：B 解析: 考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical医疗的;B. visual视觉的;C.first第一的；D.band乐队。根据Primary school teachers 可知，小学老师需要使用视觉教具。应选B。46 You shouldnt have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n)A. apologyB.
20、 favourC. debtD. attempt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A. apology抱歉；B.favour偏爱；C.debt债务;D.attempt试图。根据so rude to your friend”可知,此处应该是因为对朋友的不礼14貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。47 Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. sch
21、eduleB. investigationC. performanceD. impression答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A.schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression Epi象。 根据heavy workload of Grade 12可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。48 Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees, a great many
22、answered the call.A. ancestorsB. applicantsC. operatorsD. boarders答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：读了招聘合格员工的广告后，很多求职者都应征了。A. ancestors祖先；B.applicants 申请人，求职者；C. operators 操作员；D. boarders 寄宿者。根据上文“Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees可知此处指求职者应征，应用applicantSo应选B。49 How to raise the awareness of
23、environmental protection has become one of the most important to bediscussed next meeting.A. errorsB. performancesC. issuesD. behaviors答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如何提高环保意识已成为下次会议要讨论的最重要的问题之一。A. errors错误；B.performances 表演；C. issues 问题，重要议题；D. behaviors 行为。根据句意和句中How to raise the awareness of environmental p
24、rotection”可知，如何提高环保意识应该是会议上要讨论的问题，issue意为问题，重要15 议题，符合语境，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为最之一，故空格处用issue的复数形 式“issues”。应选C项。50 Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A. attempts. stuffC- depthD. disaster答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B.stuff材料；C.depth
25、深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示“力图、试图符合句意。应选A项。51、The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased of andsupport for teaching among the public and nation.A. realizations. professionC. recognitionD. acquisition答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这
26、意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。A.realization实现；B.profession专业;C.recognition成认，认可;D.acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得。根据are willing to”可知，人们愿意说明大家认可。应选Co52 The company presented him with a gold watch in of his 20 years of good service.A. achievementB. appreciationC. attentionD. agreement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来
27、的良好服务。Achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.attention注意;D.agreement同意。根据句意,他为公司服务20年，给他一块表以示感谢。应选B。53、 From my hotel room window, I could see a large board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.16A. amusementB. advertisementC. manuscriptD. assignment答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过酒店房间的窗户，我可以看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌
28、:杰森，大魔术师。A.amusement 有趣；B.advertisement 广告；C. manuscript 手稿；D. assignment 任务。 根据下文“with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.”可知,看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌。应选B项。小提示：54、The English teacher asked the students to give a of the text.A. balletB. seniorC. generationD. summary答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语老师要求学生们给出课文概要。A.
29、 ballet芭蕾舞；B. senior较年长的人；C.generation 代人；D. summary 概要。 由上下文“The English teacher asked the students to give a of thetext.可知，老师要求学生给出课文的摘要，应选D。55、 A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings.A. dolphinB. dinosaurC. posterD. insect答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：
30、蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海 豚；B.dinosaur恐龙;C.poster海报;D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知，这是一种昆虫。应选D。17A. touching; permitB. to touch; permitionC. to touch; permissionD. touching; allowance答案：c解析：考查固定短语和名词。句意：访客未经允许不得触摸任何东西。第一空，表示被允许做某事可知，短语为be permitted to do sth.；第二空表示“未经允许，应用名词permission,作介词的宾语
31、。应选C。5、The signing of this agreement will ease the international, which might bring an end to conflicts between countries.A. tensionB. regulationC. processD. affection答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将缓解国际紧张局势，这可能会结束国家之间的冲突。A. tension 紧张；B. regulation 规那么;C. process 过程；D. affection 喜欢。根据下文“which might brin
32、g an end to conflicts between countries可知，此处表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。应选A。6、progress he has made since he came to this language school!A. What muchB. How muchC. What a greatD. How great答案：A解析：考查感叹句。句意：自从他来到这所语言学校以来，他取得了多大的进步啊！分析句子结构可知，此处为感 叹句，句型为：what+a/an+adj.+n.+S+V!,排除B项和D项；此处修饰的名词progress是不可数名词，不用 冠词a限定，排除
33、C项。应选A。7、We all know that a good sleeping bag is a necessary part of every campers.A. experimentB. entertainmentC. equipmentD. settlement答案：C解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道一个好的睡袋是每个露营者必备的装备。A.experiment实验；B.entertainment娱乐；C.equipment装备；D.settlement定居点。睡袋对露营者来说是一件装备，因此空格处 是 equipment, 应选 Co8、The top leaders o
34、f the two countries are holding talks in a friendly.A. atmosphereB. adventureC. astronomyD. agriculture答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个国家的领导人在友好的气氛中进行了会谈。A. atmosphere气氛；B. adventure 冒险；C.astronomy天文学；D.agriculture农业。在句中构建的情境下，显然只有用atmosphere表示（友好 的）气氛是合理的。应选A项。9、Please mind your in public.A. behaviorB. reflec
35、tionC. creativityD. sculpture答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在公共场合请注意你的举止。A. behavior行为，举止；B.reflection深思；C.creativity创造力；D. sculpture雕塑。由空后in public和句意可知，此处需用名词behavior,表示在公共场合 注意举止。应选A。10 Id love to, but I have a（an）with my doctor.A. appointmentB. certificateC. sympathyD. basement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很想去，但是我和我的
36、医生有约。A. appointment约会；预约；B.certificate证 明；证明书；C.sympathy同情；D.basement地下室。根据后文“my doctor（我的医生）可知，我应是与医生3约好了。have an appointment with sb.，固定短语，“与某人有约定（预约）。应选A项。11、Youve got to start the to get the car going.A. investigations. engineC. struggleD. performance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你必须启动发动机才能使汽车开动。A.investig
37、ation调查；B.engine发动机；C.struggle斗争；D.performance表现。根据句意表示使汽车开动，可知应填入发动机。应选B。12、 Although my new cellphone has many it doesnt well.A. functions, functionB. function, functionsC. functions, functionsD. function,function答案：A解析：考查名词复数和助动词用法。句意：虽然我的新手机有很多功能，但运行不太好。function作名词意为功能, 为可数名词，在many后应用复数形式。functi
38、on作动词意为运行，在助动词do或does后应用原形。应选Ao13、 There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.A. contentB. contrastC. contractD. contact答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。A.content内容；B. contrast差异，比照；C.contract合同；D.contact联系。根据the West and East.可知，东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。应选B项。小提示:14 He fought against the
39、 illness with courage and.A. floodB. visaC. plateD. determination答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以勇气和决心与疾病作斗争。A. flood洪水；B. visa签证；C. plate盘子；D. determination决心。根据常识判断可知，和疾病作斗争需要决心和勇气。应选D。15 There are many in your homework, so youd better correct them before you hand it in .A. baseB. errorsC. behaviourD. bad答案：
40、B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的作业中有很多错误，所以你最好在交上来之前改正。A. base根基，基础；B. errors错误;C. behaviour行为；D. bad坏人，坏事。根据so youd better correct them 可知,作业中有错误。 应选Bo16 “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire! the mother shouted, with clearly in her voice.A. angerB. confusionC. regretD. panic答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汤米，快跑快点!房子着火
41、了!母亲喊道，声音里明显流露出恐慌。A.anger愤怒, 生气；B.confusion困惑；C.regret后悔，遗憾；D.panic惊慌，恐慌。根据The house is on fire!可知他母亲是恐 慌地大喊。应选D项。小提示：17、 You cant take photos without her.A. adventureB. faultC. patienceD. permission答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有她的允许你不能拍照。A.adventure冒险；B.fault过错;C.patience耐心； 0.permission允许。由You can什take ph
42、otos without her可知，句子意为没有她的允许你不能拍照，因此空 格处为允许，应选D。18 The Great Wall is a great tourist, drawing millions of visitors every year.A. attentions. attractionC. appointmentD. arrangement答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：长城是一个伟大的旅游景点，每年吸引数以百万计的游客。A. attention注意力；B. attraction 有吸引力的事物;C. appointment 约会;D. arrangement 安排。根
43、据drawing millions of visitors every year可知，应使用名词attraction构成名词词组tourist attraction,意为“旅游景点。应选B项。19、 They were all brave enough to take up arms in of their country.A. conflictB. defenceC. contentD. represent答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都勇敢地拿起武器保卫自己的国家。A. conflict冲突；B. defence保卫；C.content内容；D.represent代表，动词。根
44、据句意及句子结构可知,此处考查短语in defence of,表示“保卫, 应选Bo20 It was to be invited here today.A. great honourB. honouringC. a great honourD. honoured答案：c解析：考查名词的数。句意：今天被邀请到这里来是极大的荣幸。分析句子结构可知，这是固定句型ltis/was+名词/ 形容词+动词不定式，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to be invited here,抽象名词honour意为荣幸， 表示具体的事物时候，是可数名词，前面可以用a/an修饰，根据great首字母是辅音音素，因
45、此，应该用a 修饰，即a great honour。应选C项。21、 I failed in my to persuade her to go with me.A. attemptB. attackC. thrillD. border答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图说服她和我一起去，但失败了。A. attempt试图；B.attack攻击；C.thrill激 动；D. border边界。in ones attempt to do sth.试图做某事。根据I failed”可知,是试图说服，但失败。应选A。22 What a! I wasnt expecting to see you
46、 here.A. classicB. characteristicC. certificateD. coincidence答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊！我没想到会在这里见到你。A. classic经典，典范；B.characteristic特色；C. certificate 证书；D. coincidence 巧合。根据后文“I wasnt expecting to see you here.”可知遇见是巧合，应用 coincidenceo 应选 Do23、In the process of getting rid of racial, the USA is Ie代 far b
47、ehind.A. discriminationB. compromiseC. substituteD. investigation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。A.discrimination歧视；B promise 妥协;C.substitute 代替；D.investigation 调查。根据空前的getting rid of racial”可知，此处指摆脱种族歧视，应选A项。24、To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know
48、their and weaknesses.A. strengthsB. benefitsC. valuesD. manners答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了让团队成员表现得更好，教练首先必须知道他们的长处和缺点。A. strengths 优点；B. benefits利益;C.values价值;D. manners礼貌。根据后文“and weaknesses可知指优点、长处和缺 点，应用strengths。应选A。25、 It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at regular.A. gapsB. leng