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1、1Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮New words and expression 生词和短语生词和短语 学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puma n.美洲狮spot v.看出, 发现 = see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现 - A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd. - He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 同意词：
2、同意词：- find：强调发现的结果 / find out：查出事实真相 - discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到 - observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面 Spot n.斑点斑点 - There is a white spot on the shirt. on the spot有两个含义：有两个含义： 1 立刻, 马上（at once, immediately） - Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 2 at the place of the action 在现
3、场 - Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.Evidence n.证据（不可数名词） Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然 Evidence = proof (n.证据) - When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence. in evidence 显而易见的 - He was in evidence at the party.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程） - As the
4、 evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处 - The teacher gathered his students in the class Collect vt.搜集, 采集 - Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好） Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配 - A large number of people assemble on the squ
5、are. Hoard vt.大量的储存 （- hoard up = store up 储藏） - The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果） amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品） - The clouds amassed above the hills Oblige v.使感到必须 feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事 - I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）2be obliged to do
6、sth 被迫做某事 - They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （hunt for） - The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma. - The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实） search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物 - The police were searching the forest
7、for the missing boy. run after 强调追赶, 追求 - look, a dog is running after a cat - what are you run after in your life seek = pursue v.追寻(理想) chase v.追赶 （- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果 human being 人类corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态 - The thie
8、f was cornered at last - The problem cornered me. corner n.角落 - at the corner of the street - in the corner of the room - on the corner of the deskTrail n.一串, 一系列 trail vt. 跟踪跟踪, 追踪追踪（= follow） - The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding （criminal n.罪犯）Print n.印痕Cling v.粘 （clu
9、ng, clung, clinging） - She is always clinging to her mother. - He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望 stick v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 stick to 坚持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）n.许诺 sticky adj.粘的 （- sticky fingers）convince v.使信服 1convince sb of sth - I convince him o
10、f my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。 2 be convinced that - I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因 = by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown - Ill get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。 - I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。 Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （=
11、 a little） - The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）3disturb v.令人不安 disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的 exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的wild adj.野性的, 野生的 investigate v.调查, 研究 description n.描写, 描述 extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外
12、similar adj.相似的, 类似的 attack vt.攻击 difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点 rabbit n.兔, 野兔 paw n.手掌, 手爪 fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛 bush n.矮树丛 fully adv.充分地, 完全地 collector n.收藏家, 征收者Text 课文课文 at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的 - The thief is still at large at large 详细地（= in detail）n.细节, 详情 - I need talk to you at large at l
13、arge 总体来讲（= as a whole） - The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）Where must the puma have come from? Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. 在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同） 英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. （pa
14、nda n.熊猫） cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 一般来讲定语从句定语从句和同位语从句同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词 放到从句之前1 定语从句定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰 - 定语从句的引导词： - 指人
15、：指人：主语who；宾语who, whom；定语 whose - 指物：指物：that（也可以指人）/ which - 时间状语时间状语：when / 地点状语：地点状语：where / 原因状语：原因状语：why 2 同位语从句同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容 - 同位语从句的引导词： - 名词名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用that而不是which - 时间：时间：when； 地点：地点：where - 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句4- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in ano
16、ther way. - I have no idea what has happened to him。they were not taken seriously（they指代reports） take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事 - I always take your suggestions seriously. take sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地） - Dont take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）However,
17、 as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. However adv.然而(起转折作用) As 连词：随着, 当.之时 过去分词做定语：- the descriptions given by people - the story told by the sailor
18、(n.海员, 水手, 船员) - a book written by Luxun claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事 - He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. Where a woman picking 定语从句 - I still remem
19、ber the school where I studied English.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定) Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非) - He will accept t
20、he job unless the salary is too low.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. search = huntWherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. 把某物留在后面：leave behi
21、nd - Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. 英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。 puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （被动） We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动） - clinging to
22、bushes是现在分词短语做宾补5Several people complained of “cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. complain of/about sth 抱怨某事 on+名词：强调动作正在进行 - on the rise 在上升 / on the increase 在增加 - on the watch 在观看 / on the match 在比赛中 - on the fishing trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on holiday 在度假Th
23、e experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. sth
24、 be in the possession of sb = sth be in sbs possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物主语是物) - The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possession of me. Sb be in possession of sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人主语是人) - I am in possession of the beautiful car.（in possession of 做表语） - The person in possession of
25、the big house is excited. （in possession of 做定语） take possession of 拥有The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. It is disturbing to think that. 一
26、想到就心理不安 - It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村Special difficulties 难点难点 Exercises A 1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on Exercises B 1. He is the man we have heard about so much. 2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解） 3.Whom did
27、 you receive a letter from? 特殊疑问句中whom 不能省略（本句）。 定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。 省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom, Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语非固定的动词短语后面。 固定的动词短语固定的动词短语look for：寻找（去掉（去掉for后后look没有寻找的意思，所以介词没有寻找的意思，所以介词for不能前置）不能前置） 非固定的动词短语非固定的动词短语look at：注视 live in：居住（去掉（去掉in后后live仍有居住的意思，所以介词仍有居住的意思，所以介词in可以前置
28、）可以前置） This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he lived in. 4.This is the road we came by?65.Where is the pencil you were playing with?Multiple choice questions 多项选择多项选择 1 正确答案：D in common adv.共有 （替换了similar） 2 正确答案：B A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 B） large cat persuade v.说服
29、, 劝说 3 答案正确：C 做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意。文章最后一句话总结了大意 句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键4 答案正确：C Make的用法：的用法： make somebody do（在主动语态中不定式的符号to应该省略） be made to do（被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整） - They made her wait for hours. She was made to wait for hours. 5 答案正确： D A）把say改成claim就对了 （- People claimed to have seen the puma.
30、） D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系 6 正确答案：B 原句中的 when引导的时间状语从句表示：.就（as soon as） 被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away. 主动：On observing her, it immediately ran away. On seeing me, he waved to me. 7 正确答案：D except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是when/if引导的从句形式） unless = if.not = except on the condition that when = if - exc
31、ept when they are cornered. = except if they are cornered. - Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome. 8 正确答案：D A）must be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致 - 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词 9 正确答案：C on more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more than 10 正确答案：B in a corner 偷偷摸
32、摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地 in a trap 落于陷阱中 at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角） under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中 11. 正确答案：B fishes for pleasure 钓鱼消遣 travel for pleasure 外出游玩 read for pleasure 阅读消遣 12 on ones own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone） for ones own benefit 为了某人自己的利益Lesson 02 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一New w
33、ords and expression 生词和短语生词和短语7equal v.等于 A等于B A equals B Equal vt.与.相匹敌 - None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. be equal to +名词（equal adj.不相上下的） - Mary is quite equal to John in brains.（n.智力, 脑髓）玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。be equal to doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事 （to是介词） - I am equal to running the c
34、ompany. vicar n.牧师 raise v.募集，筹（款） - raise money 募集资金 提高 - raise the price 提高物价 饲养、供养 - raise a horse饲养一匹马 种植 - raise wheat种植小麦 召集、招募 - raise an army招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队） 提出、发出 - raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼） torchlight n.电筒光 torch n.手电筒 cause n.事情 church n.教堂 figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形 grocer n.食品
35、商人, 杂货商人 bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物 tower n.塔, 城堡Text 课文课文 Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why? Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. 现在进行时和always等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩 Tom is always
36、doing homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。 Tom always does his homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。 He is always making noises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。one or another：表示这样或那样 - for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因 - at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间 - in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法 get enough money to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事 - I have t
37、o get enough money to have my house repaired. have something done 1找某人来做某事 - have the church clock repaired - have the plane repaired / - have hair cut 2某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人） - His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged
38、 many years ago 8and has been silent ever since. used to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。 - He used to smoke every day.One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! However - 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。 要用逗号分隔开来- He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however. He said t
39、hat it was so, however, he was mistaken. 他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。- I know his story, however, I wouldnt like to tell you. I know his story, I, however, wouldnt like to tell you. However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.) Start n.vt.惊跳, 惊起 - The noise made him started(v.). - What a start(n.) y
40、ou give me. / - he stood up with a start(n.).Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. before：.才 - Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had happened to her.Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see
41、 what was going on. Armed with a torch. 过去分词 Looking at his watch 现在分词 分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins , our local grocer. in the torchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下 in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlel
42、ight 在烛光下 非正式用语中whom可以省略掉 recognized somebody as 认出某人是 regard somebody as 认为某人是 / think of somebody as 认为某人是 treat somebody as 把某人对待为 / have on somebody as 把某人尊敬为Whatever are you doing up here Bill? asked the vicar in surprise. Whatever中的ever用来加强语气Im trying to repair the bell, answered Bill. Ive bee
43、n coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise. night after night 一夜连着一夜 day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年 week after week 一周又一周 / bus after bus 一辆车接着一辆车You certainly did give me a surprise! said the vicar.9肯定句中常用do, did, does加强语气和情感色彩（一定要位于动
44、词原形之前） - You do like nice today. 你今天看上去确实很不错。 - I do like you. Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well. as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比too所表达的语意更优秀。 - You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well today.Still, Im glad the bell is working again. still用于句首, 用逗号分隔开来, 表达一个转折的关
45、系：虽然如此, 但是Thats the trouble, vicar, answered Bill. Its working all right, but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it.“ There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do（at a loss adv.困惑）Well get used to that, Bill, said the vicar.
46、 “Thirteen is not as good as one, but its better than nothing. Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea. get used to / be used to / be accustomed to / get accustomed to 都表示习惯于 get强调渐近的过程, be强调习惯了的状态Special difficulties 难点难点 in 1与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状语作用。 in surprise惊奇地 / in astonishme
47、nt惊愕的 in alarm恐吓的 / in embarrassment窘迫的 in amazement极为惊讶 / in despair绝望的 in dismay沮丧的 / in anger恼火的 / in disappointment失望的 2表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。 in English / in pencil / in ink / in oil 用颜料 / in red用红色 / in code用代码 in such a high voice 用这么高的声音 / in a few words 用几句话 3表示状态、情况或处境 in trouble / in
48、 difficulty在困境中 / in bed在床上 / in a hurry匆忙的 in debt负债 / in love with sb爱上某人 / in tears流着泪 in good order有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in good repair维修良好 in good health 身体好 / in poor health身体坏 in the bad mood情绪坏 / in the good mood情绪好 in haste匆忙的 / in a favor of excitement 欣喜若狂 in poverty 在贫穷中 / in luxury奢侈的 Exercise： very quickly = in a hurry eventually = in the end （eventually adv.最后, 终于） be seen = in sight with a pen = in ink / with a pencil = in pencil which the