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1、UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS R e a d i n g a n d T h i n k i n gPalace of Westminster/House of Parliament 威斯敏斯特宫/议会大厦 the London Eye伦敦眼也叫千禧之轮（Millennium Wheel），是世界上首座、也曾经是世界最大的观景摩天轮伦敦塔(Tower of London)，是英国伦敦一座标志性的宫殿、要塞，选址在泰晤士河。伦敦塔曾作为堡垒、军械库、国库、铸币厂、宫殿、天文台、避难所和监狱，特别关押上层阶级的囚犯，最后一次作为监狱使用是在第二次世界大战期间。1988
2、年被列为世界文化遗产。伊丽莎白塔（Elizabeth Tower)，旧称大本钟(Big Ben)，即威斯敏斯特宫钟塔，伊丽莎白塔于1858年4月10日建成，是英国最大的钟。世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一，伦敦的标志性建筑。2012年6月，英国宣布把伦敦著名地标“大本钟”的钟楼改名为“伊丽莎白塔”。格林威治（Greenwich）（格林尼治），英国伦敦的一个区，位于伦敦东南、泰晤士河南岸。1675-1948 年设皇家格林尼治天文台。1884年在华盛顿召开的国际经度会议决定以经过格林尼治的经线为本初子午线，也是世界计算时间和地理经度的起点。剑桥大学牛津大学What types of maps do yo
3、u know?administrative zoning map 行政区划图topographic map 地形图traffic map 交通图weather map 气候图resource map 资源图在右侧编辑区输入内容Before readingLook at the map,can you tell what type of map it is?What do the different symbols(e.g.,icons,circles,spots)and colors stand for?What does it show?What is it used for?020103在
4、右侧编辑区输入内容Before readingCan you quickly find the capital of the UK on the map?Give your reasons.How many parts can you see that make up the UK?0504Skim the passage and answer the questions1.What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?What two were the first to be joined together?2.According to
5、the text,what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country?0102Reading for detailsWHATS IN A NAME?名为何物？The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England-many people what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them,?Getting to know about British history will help
6、 you solve this puzzle.联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰-这些不同的名称是什么意思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。Reading for details be confused by/about 对有疑问/感到困惑主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句what 引导的名词性从句1.What she saw gave her a fright.2.I managed to get what I wanted.3.Theres something in what he says.4.Thats what I
7、want to know.Grammar focusReading for detailsIn the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales the Kingdom of England.Later,in the 18th century,the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Gr
8、eat Britain and Ireland.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the name:the United Kingdom or the UK.People from the UK are called British,which means
9、the UK also often Britain or Great Britain.16世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在18世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。19世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪时，爱尔兰南部了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用：“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常英国或大不列颠。Reading for detailsGrammar focusFinally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ir
10、eland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.break away(from)离开；脱离which 在这里引导_ 从句，修饰 _。result from 由发生；随产生 result in 造成；导致(cause/lead to)非限制性定语前面整个句子最后，在20世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。Reading for deta
11、ilsGrammar Grammar focusfocusPeople from the UK are called“British”,which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.refer.to 谈到；查阅；参考；指的是；把提交给 be referred to as 被称作which 在这里引导_从句，修饰_。非限制性定语前面整个句子联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。Reading for detailsThe four countries that
12、the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,share the same currency and military defence.However,they also have some differences.For example,England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also
13、have their own traditions,like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。他们也有各自的国庆节和本国菜肴。他们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！Reading
14、 for detailsGrammar focusThey use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.known as 为动词的过去分词作_。military defence 军事防卫 in ones defence 为某人辩护 in defence 自卫share sth(with sb)(与某人)共同拥有某物后置定语像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。as well as 同（一样也）；和；还Reading for deta
15、ilsThe United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will evidence of four different groups of people who at different times throughout history.The first group,the Roman
16、s,came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同时期这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一组群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。之后是昂格鲁-撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。R
17、eading for detailsGrammar focusAlmost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.be surrounded by/with 被所包围；被环绕 the surrounding scenery 四周的风景take over 控制；占领；接收；接管who 在这里引导_从句，修饰先行词 _。定语people英国
18、历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。Reading for detailsThey introduced the beginnings of the English language,and changed the way people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century,lots of new vocabulary,and also the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the No
19、rmans.They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They all around England,and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French,so many French words slowly entered into the English language.他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一
20、个是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。Reading for detailsGrammar focusThey had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.have sth to do 有事情要去做(强调说话人要做某事)have sth done 某事被完成；遭遇某种不幸的事I have a lot of homework _(do)tonight.I had that door
21、_(paint)last week after paying 50 yuan.to dopainted他们在英格兰各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。How did the national flags change?16th centuryEngland18th century19th century20th centuryWalesEnglandScotlandEnglandGreat BritainGreat BritainIrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandRepublic of IrelandThe United K
22、ingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandReading for detailsThere is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city L
23、ondon is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history all the way Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore,and lots of museums with ancient relics from.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture,with both new and old traditions.If you,you wi
24、ll be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。Reading for detailsGrammar focusThe capital city London is
25、 a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.as可以引导：As he feels uncomfortable,he doesnt go to school today.原因状语从句 You must complete this task as I have told you.方式状语从句Little boy as he is,he knows a lot.让步状语从句As the time went on,the w
26、eather got worse.时间状语从句以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。date back(to)/date from 追溯到；远在年代that 在这里引导_定语_从句Analyse the structure of the passagePart 1(Paragraph 1&2):The origin of the name of the UKPart 2(Paragraph 3):The four countries work together in some areasPart 3(Paragraph 4&5):The his
27、tory,traditions and culture of the UKRomans arrived;towns and roadsAnglo-Saxons came;languages and the way houses were builtVikings came;vocabulary and names of locations across the UKNormans conquered England after the Battle of Hastings;castles built,legal system changed,and new words from French
28、introduced.5th century1st century 8th century 11th centuryRead again and finish the timeline.Wales was joined to Kingdom of England;/Scotland was joined to England and Wales;Kingdom of Great Britain createdIreland was added;United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland formedthe southern part of Irela
29、nd broke away;name changed to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland18th century16th century 19th century 20th centuryRead again and finish the timeline.Complete the conversation about the UK using the phrases in their correct formsComplete the conversation about the UK using the phrases in their correct formsas well asbelong toadded tojoined tobroke awaykeep your eyes openA people without the knowledge of their past history,origin and culture is like a tree without roots.-Marcus Garvey.