《_金色笔记_的现实主义解读_滕飞.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《_金色笔记_的现实主义解读_滕飞.docx（52页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、多丽丝 莱辛，英国著名女作家，被誉为继伍尔芙之后最伟大的女作家。 1962 年 出版的金色笔记奠定了莱辛在当代文坛的地位及声望。在经历了多年的争论之后， 金色笔记被列入 20 世纪英国文学的经典作品之列，并且凭借这部作品，莱辛获得 了 2007年的诺贝尔文学奖。 金色笔记主要有两部分，一部分是名为自由女性的独立小说，记录了作家安娜 及其好友摩莉的生活；另一部分由安娜的五本笔记组成，分别是黑色笔记，红色笔记， 黄色笔记、蓝色笔记以及一本独立的金色笔记。这五本笔记分别记录了安娜在非洲殖民 地的生活经历，安娜的政治生活、情感生活、精神生活，并且这种分裂的生活最终在金 色笔记中得到了统一。本论文将从现
2、实主义的角度对金色笔记进行解读，试图分析 金色笔记中所运用的现实主义理论，旨在证明在 20 世纪中期尤其是战后那段特殊 的时供和社会背景下，女性很难挣脱种种束缚获得真正的自由。 本论文包含四个章节。第一章是绪论部分，简要介绍了莱辛及其主要作品，以及 金色笔记及其创作背景和国内外研究现状。第二章介绍了现实主义的定义并对其三 方面的理论内容进行简单介绍。第三、四、五章是本文的主体部分，详细分析了 现实主 义理论在金色笔记中的具体体现。第三章分析了五种不同的笔记分别体现的社会现 实，包括黑色笔记中体现的种族主义殖民主义，红色笔记和蓝色笔记中体现的共产主 义，黄色笔记中体现的自由女性的情感生活，蓝色笔
3、记中体现的自由女性的精神危机以 及金色笔记中体现的自由女性的自我救赎；第四章通过分析典型的环境、典型人物和典 型关系反映出了现实主义典型理论的运用；第五章则通过分析外部世界和人物内心世界 的发展指出现实主义理论的历史性要求在金色笔记中的体现。第六章是结语部分， 通过对本论文的总结证明在那个年代，女性 的自由只能是遥远的乌托邦。 关键词金色笔记，现实主义，男性，自由女性，自由 摘要 Abstract Abstract Doris Lessing, a famous British writer who is regarded as a great female writer after Virg
4、inia Woolf. The Golden Notebook was published in 1962? and it established Lessing5s position and reputation in the literary world in the contemporary era. This great novel was eventually listed into one of the classics of British literature in the 20th century after a long time of argument and becam
5、e a landmark of western literature. By writing this book, Lessing gained the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. The Golden Notebook contains two main parts: one part is an independent novel named Free Women which tells of the daily life of Anna and her best friend Molly; the other part contains Ann
6、a five notebooks - black, red, yellow, blue and golden. These five notebooks record Annas life experience in Africa， her political life， emotional life, spiritual life and in the end these four kinds of separated life are put into the independent golden notebook completely. This thesis is the interp
7、retation of realism in The Golden Notebook, it intends to analyze the realism theory used in the novel in order to testify that it is hard to get rid of various bondages for women to gain real freedom under the special historical and social background in the middle of the 20th century, especially du
8、ring the period of post-war. This thesis contains four chapters. Chapter One is the introduction about Doris Lessing and The Golden Notebook as well as its background of creation and literary review. Chapter Two is the definition and development of realism and its three main concepts. Chapter Three,
9、 Chapter Four and Chapter Five make up of the main body of the thesis which interoperates the reflection of realism in The Golden Notebook in detail. Chapter Three analyzes the reflection of realism in these five notebooks, including racialism and colonialism in the Black Notebook, communism in the
10、Red and the Blue Notebook, free womens emotional life in the Yellow Notebook, free womens mental crisis in the Blue Notebook and free womens self-salvation in the Golden Notebook; Chapter Four reflects the use of realism typical theory through analyzing typical environment, typical figures and typic
11、al relationships; Chapter Five briefly introduces realism historical requirements reflected in The Golden Notebook by analyzing the development of the outer world and the development of the characters7 inner world. Chapter Six is the conclusion in which through analyzing the realism in the novel to
12、testify that at that time freedom for women wasjust a remote Utopia. Keywords: The Golden Notebook, realism; men; free women; freedom; Contents Contents 麵 . i Abstract . II 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 The Introduction of Doris Lessing and The Golden Notebook . 1 1.2 Literature Review . 3 2 Theory of Real
13、ism . 8 2.1 Definition of Realism . 8 2.2 Development of Realism . 11 3 Real and Objective Reflection of Life in The Golden Notebook . 13 3.1 Racialism and Colonialism in the Black Notebook . 13 3.2 Communism in the Red Notebook and the Blue Notebook . 15 3.3 Free Women:s Emotional Life in the Yello
14、w Notebook . 19 3.4 Free Womens Mental Crisis in the Blue Notebook . 20 3.5 Free Womens Self-salvation in the Golden Notebook . 22 4 Typical Theory in The Golden Notebook . 24 4.1 Typical Social Environment-Capitalism VS Socialism . 24 4.2 Typical Figures Free Women . 25 4.3 Typical Relationships -
15、Men VS Women; Individual VS Society . 26 4.3.1 The Harmony between Men and Women . 26 4.3.2 The Unity of Individual Value and Social Value . 31 5 Historical Requirements in The Golden Notebook . 34 5.1 The Development of the Outer World. . 34 5.2 The Development of the Inner World . 36 Conclusion .
16、. 39 Notes . 42 Bibliography . . . 44 Publication during M.A. Study . 48 Acknowledgements . 49 m 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 The Introduction of Doris Lessing and The Golden Notebook Doris May Lessing is a Zimbabwean-British writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. The Sw
17、edish Academy described her as, “ that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny.1,113 Lessing was bom in Persia (now Iran), on 22, October, 1919, and both of her parents were English. In 1925, the family moved to
18、 Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) which was a British colony. Lessing was educated at a Roman Catholic convent all-girls school named Dominican Convent High School. She left school at age 14 because of an illness of her eye, but she never gave up learning and thereafter was self-educated. When she w
19、orked as a nursemaid, her employer gave her some books to read and then she began writing. In 1937, Lessing moved to Salisbury (now Harare) where she met her first husband to work as a telephone operator. In 1939, she got married and then had two children (John and Jean). In 1943, she divorced her f
20、irst husband? Frank Wisdom. Lessing paid more attention to the community of the Left Book Club - a communist book club after her divorce. It was here that she met her second husband, Gottfried Lessing. They were married in 1945. However, the marriage also ended in divorce in 1949. Lessing then moved
21、 to London with her youngest son. She had nothing in her hand but the manuscript of Grass is Singing. At that time, Lessing devoted herself to campaigning against nuclear arms and South African apartheid, and then, in 1956, she was banned from Salisbury and from Rhodesia for many years. She had to l
22、eave two children with their father in South Africa and flee to London where she went on to pursue her writing career and communist ideals. She later said that at the time she thought she had no choice: “For a long time I felt I had done a very brave thing. There is nothing more boring for an intell
23、igent woman than to spend endless amounts of time with small children. I felt I wasnt the best person to bring them up. I would have ended up an alcoholic or a frustrated intellectual 2 like my mother. ” So far, Lessing has written more than 50 novels, 2 autobiographies, and plenty of poems, dramas,
24、 essays and so on. Because of the changes of the environment she lived in and her own experiences, Lessings works can be divided into three distinct stages. Before the 1970s was Lessings first writing period. During this time, most of Lessings works were combined with her personal life and reflected
25、 the social reality at that time, such as the problems in colony, racial problems and womens condition and self-liberation under the 东北林业大学硕士学位论文 impact of modern civilization and so on. These products followed the tradition of realism, exposed and analyzed the deeply social reality and revivified t
26、he history with a calm and objective attitude. The main works at this time were: The Grass is Singing (1950), Five (short stories, 1953), The Children of Violence Series (1952-1969): Martha Quest (1952), A Proper Marriage (1954)? A Ripple from the Storm (1958), Landlocked (1965), The Four-Gated City
27、 (1969)? The Golden Notebook (1962), A Man and Two Women (collection, 1963), Particularly Cats (stories & nonfiction, 1967), and so on. In the period from the 1970s to the 1980s5 Lessing changed her realistic style into writing in the form of fable and science fiction which proved her capability of
28、writing in different subjects. In the 1970s and the 1980s， the cold war between America and the Soviet Union was severe; they started a large-scale of arms race, especially the race in nuclear and space weapons. As to Lessing? who has a sensitive sense of politics, she realized that it was necessary
29、 to let humans to think about future. Humans would lead themselves to the road of death unless the cold war stopped. The products in this period included: Briefing for a Descent into Hell (1971), Memoirs of a Survivor (1974), The Canopus in Argos: Archives Series (1979- 1983): ( Shikasta (1979), The
30、 Marriages Between Zones Three, Four and Five (1980). The Sirian Experiments (1980), The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (1982), The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire (1983)? and so on. We should note that Lessing published science fiction again in 2000, which were: Mara and Dann (19
31、99), and The Cleft (2007). We see that Lessing always changed her style in writing. After the 1980s， Lessing returned her writing style back to realism. During this period， her works paid more attention to environment, children and elderly people besides the concern of racialism, colonialism and ide
32、ology. With the development of time, more and more problems appeared in-society. As a writer, it is the obligation to be concerned about these problems. The main works in this period were: The Good Terrorist (1985), Prisons We Choose to Live Inside (essays, 1987)? The Fifth Child (1988), African Lau
33、ghter: Four Visits to Zimbabwe (memoir, 1992), Love, again (1996), and so on. The Golden Notebook was published in 1962. This novel refers to the exploration of mental and societal breakdown. It conveys a powerful anti-war and anti-Stalinist message through analyzing communism and the Communist Part
34、y in England from the 1930s to the 1950s. It also contains the information of racialism, colonialism, modem psychology, feminism and so on. The Golden Notebook tells the story of Anna Wulf who is a writer. Anna keeps writing her dairy in four different notebooks - black, red, yellow and blue. The Go
35、lden Notebook started with a distinct part named Free Women which describes Anna5s real daily life, as well as the life of her best friend Molly, and their children, ex-husbands and lovers. Then the book is followed by her four notebooks which can be summarized as Annas four different 1 Introduction
36、 parts of life. The black one records her life in Central Africa before and during WWII. Under the promptings of this experience, Anna wrote a novel which was a bestseller and made her economically independent. The red one reflects Annas political life as a member of the Communist Party. The yellow
37、one is a novel on the base of Annans love affair which is named The Shadow of the Third. In this novel, the heroine Ella is just another Anna, they both suffer the pain of love. The blue one is a spiritual diary which describes Annans dreams, memories and the changes of her emotion. These four noteb
38、ooks circulate in turn for four times within the whole story of Free Women. Between the last turn of four notebooks and the fifth part of Free there is a special notebook the gold-colored notebook in which Anna gains the truth of life and her true love. 1.2 Literature Review 1-2.1 Study at Abroad Th
39、e study of Doris Lessing5s products at abroad is abundant. According to data, the special seminar of her work had appeared in the annual symposium of Modem Linguistics Association in 1971. In 1975, the first monograph of Doris Lessing was created, and tiiere was the first thesis for doctors degree i
40、n 1976. Since the end of the 1970s in the U.S.A. there had been 35 theses for doctor degree of her work. In 2004, the first international meeting of Doris Lessing was held in New Orleans in America； , and more than 50 scholars from 24 countries attended this meeting. The motifs mainly discussed in t
41、his meeting included post-modernism, crossed narration, renovation in form, comparison of Lessing and other authors, African colonialism, post-colonialism, terrorism and trauma and so on. During the first decade after The Golden Notebook was published, it hadnt been attached with much importance and
42、 the moral value and aesthetic meaning it conveyed hadn5t been judged appropriately. Some scholars classified it into the promotion of morality, politics and history or the autobiography of writer. Others analyzed the content and concluded it to be the promotion of feminism simply. Someone even limi
43、ted this novel to portraiture of human society at that time. But, the characteristics of the text itself hadn5t been concerned. However, many critics analyzed rich meaning and artistic feature. Such as Dorothy Brewster grasped the important characteristics of this book in her book Doris Lessings she claimed that Mrs. Lessing made a prominent attempt on the form of the novel. And this novel which was discussed ardently put forward many questions in the field of artistic form, politics, f