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1、训练5说明文A(2016银川检测)As a boy，like many others，I used to love looking through maps.My family spent the 1 holidays beside the coast in Dorset，in southern England，and on the 2 of the cottage where we stayed there was a large framed 3 of an Ordnance Survey map from 1963, 4 the surrounding area at a scale o
2、f six inches to one mile. 5 it rained which，since this was summertime in Britain，was very often I would 6 this blackandwhite map，marvelling (感到惊奇) at its complex system of marks and symbols.Even today，when I go for a long walk in the countryside，I still like to 7 an OS Explorer map.Its 8 than, say,
3、an app on my smartphone，which is prone to run out of power，or losing its 9 This is the thing about maps: properly 10 ，they feel objective and authoritative (权威性的 ) 11 tools that allow us to locate ourselves within the world.Indeed，the Ordnance Survey，Britains famous mapping agency, still 12 itself o
4、n being as comprehensive and 13 as possible.Today it has 14 developed into a digital powerhouse maintaining an enormous 15 of geographical information.All of its maps are produced from its 16 “OS MasterMap” of Great Britain，which 17 more than 460 million geographic features and is continually 18 ast
5、onishingly，more than 10，000 times a day by a team of 270 surveyors using GPS 19 “Our survey is to centimetre accuracy，” explains OS sector manager Elaine Owen，“our mapping database is the most 20 geographical database in the world.”本文为说明文，主要介绍了OS Explorer map，该地图对地形和地点描述精确，有助于游人探险。1A.springBsummerCa
6、utumnDwinterB考查语境选词。由下文中的“since this was summertime in Britain”可知，此处只有summer符合题意。2A.floorBwallCTVDdeskB考查语境选词和常识。由常识可知地图一般是挂在墙上的，故选B。3A.sheetBbookCpictureDpaperA考查语境选词。由本句可知墙上挂着的是英国测绘局1963年印制的一张大型地图，再由本文的主题可判定选项中的picture，book不符合题意。而选项D中的paper“纸”为不可数名词，不与a large连用。所以A项sheet“一张”符合题意。4A.drawingBreprese
7、ntingCdottingDchartingD考查动词辨析。本文讲的是地图，在这儿作者暗示地图制作精致，该图对周围地形的制图标准是“图上六英寸，实际一英里”。所以本题应填与绘图有关的词语。draw“描绘”，多指手绘；represent“描绘，展示”；dot“加点于”；chart“绘制(区域)的地图”。故选D。5A.HoweverBWhereverCWheneverDIfC考查语境选词。根据语境可知，此处表示只要天一下雨，作者就会待在家里研究地图。所以C项whenever符合题意。6A.studyBwriteCreadDobserveA考查语境选词。参考上题解析可知，此处表示只要天一下雨，作者就
8、会待在家里研究地图。英语中表示看地图一般用study，所以选A项。7A.buyBborrowCpackDdrawC考查语境选词。由本文首句“As a boy，like many others，I used to love looking through maps.”可知，作者喜欢地图。此处是说作者无论到哪里都喜欢带上一份地图。所以pack“塞进，装”符合题意。8A.cheaperBmore reliableCmore convenientDsimplerB考查语境选词。空格后面提到“an app on my smartphone，which is prone to run out of pow
9、er，or.”，由此可推知作者认为地图比智能手机上面的app可靠。9A.mapBsystemsCinformationDsignalD考查生活常识。依据常识可知手机的不便之处除了比较容易没电之外就是没信号，所以D项signal“信号”符合题意。10A.carriedBpackedCproducedDstudiedC考查语境选词。从本段内容看，作为一个著名的地图制作商，在印制地图时必须遵循客观性、权威性和科学性这三大原则，这样人们在使用地图时才能正确确定方向。此处的produce表示“制作，印制”，其他选项不符合题意。11A.scientificBexploringCtravellingDres
10、earchingA考查语境选词。根据上文和本句前面的“objective and authoritative(权威性的)”可知，地图是一种严谨的科学性工具，再加上后半句“that allow us to locate ourselves within the world”，并综合四个选项exploring(探索的)，scientific(科学的)，travelling(旅行的)和researching(研究的)可推知只有A项符合题意。12A.pursuesBfocusesCtriesDpridesD考查语境选词。从全文看，the Ordnance Survey是英国著名的地图制作公司，而且它以
11、其精良的地图品质和综合功能见长，由此可以判断出该地图生产商对其产品引以为豪。故选D。13A.convenientBaccurateCcomplexDsimpleB考查语境选词。既然the Ordnance Survey对它的产品引以为豪，且该产品为地图，结合选项可知，应选B。准确性是评价地图质量的最重要的因素。14A.astonishinglyBexpectedlyCgraduallyDpromptlyC考查语境选词。从下文中的“.more than 460 million geographic features and is continually.more than 10，000 time
12、s a dayby a team of 270 surveyors.”可以看出该公司紧随时代科技的发展而不断发展。所以，gradually“逐步地，逐渐地”为最佳选项。15A.amountBdatabaseCsystemDsignalsB考查语境选词。由上下文中出现的digital，“geographic features”和“geographical database”可判断出此处database符合题意。16A.originalBnewlyCwellknownDsocalledD考查语境选词。根据语境可知，此处表示所有的地图都是根据这个所谓的英国“OS MasterMap”制作而成的。故选
13、D。17A.collectsBproducesCanalyzesDcontainsD考查语境选词。从本段叙述看，此处表示“OS MasterMap”of Great Britain公司所有产品的信息含量非常大，而且在不断地自动更新，而本文并没向读者讲述该公司是如何collect(收集)，也没论述如何analyze(分析)，再则这些数据不可能是自动produce(生产)的，故contain“含有，包含”符合题意。18A.updatedBchangedCdownloadedDcycledA考查语境选词。结合语境特别是下文中的“more than 10，000 times a day”可知，此处表示
14、信息不断更新，故选A。19A.smartphonesBtechnologyCinformationDsystemsB考查语境选词。信息的更新和升级主要是靠“a team of 270 surveyors”运用GPS(全球定位系统)这项先进技术来进行的。由此可知选项B符合题意。20A.convenientBcomplexCdetailedDdifficultC考查语境选词。由文中的accuracy，“maintaining an enormous 15 of geographical information”和“more than 460 million geographic features”
15、这些信息可以判断出，此处为“详尽”之意。故选C。【导学号：90892071】B(2016大连检测)Annual celebrations involve giving red packets of money to friends and family.But dont 21 these faux pas (失礼) when you do.Every year，hundreds of millions of people around the world 22 Lunar New Year，sometimes travelling thousands of miles to spend tim
16、e with their 23 and friends.In China，this mass 24 can cause huge problems almost 100，000 people were stranded at a railway station this year by heavy snow，for instance.But Lunar New Year could 25 pose a different kind of issue for employers wishing to partake in the celebrations.Its customary to giv
17、e “hongbao” red packets filled with 26 to family，friends，business partners and employees at this time of a year, 27 first you need to know the rules.Its 28 to give money in oddnumber amounts，for starters.Thats only done at 29 and considered unlucky for a time of celebration.So stick with even number
18、s，which are 30 to offer extra auspicious (吉利的) blessings.Just avoid the number four the Mandarin word for four (si) sounds a lot like the word for death and is also unlucky.“Hongbao” literally translates 31 “red packet”The colour red is considered 32 in Chinese culture.In recent times，other colours
19、such as pink and magenta(洋红色) have become popular, 33 ，its not a hardandfast rulejust be sure to avoid white or black，as they are associated with death and 34 Take note: its considered rude and 35 to give old notes.The best 36 is to get brandnew ones from the bank.New notes are 37 popular that it ca
20、n be hard for banks to 38 for example，the Monetary Authority of Singapore prints 100 million extra $2 notes every holiday season to 39 demand，and the authority has been running a “good as new”campaign since 2013 to take the pressure 40 本文主要介绍了在农历新年送红包的注意事项。红包的颜色一般要选择红色、粉色或类似颜色，里面现金的数量一般也需要是偶数，这些你都了解
21、吗？21A.commitBbehaveCpersuadeDrememberA考查动词词义辨析。此处是说当你送红包给亲朋好友时不要做出这些失礼的事。 commit“做出(错或非法的事)”，符合语境。22A.congratulateBmakeCcelebrateDkeepC考查动词辨析。celebrate和congratulate均有“庆贺，祝贺”之意。但是celebrate通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事，庆祝生日，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面；congratulate常以对他人表示祝贺为目的，希望他人幸福或走运，常用于“congratulate sb.on/upon(doing
22、).”结构中。故选C。23A.colleagueBpartnerCemployeeDfamilyD考查名词辨析和上下文语境。根据第一段第一句中的“friends and family”并结合常识可知，春节是家人团聚的日子，故选D。24A.immigrationBmigrationCemigrationDemigrantB考查名词辨析和上下文语境。根据上下文可知，这里是指春运期间的大迁移，故选B。 immigration“移民人数，移居”；emigration“移民”；migration“迁移，迁徙”；emigrant“移民”。25A.possiblyBprobablyClikelyDpoten
23、tiallyD考查副词辨析。potentially“潜在地”，符合题意。其余三项均表示“可能地”，不符合语境。26A.giftsBfoodCcashDcardsC考查语境中名词的辨析。此处表示红包是一种红色的包装，里面放着现金。结合语境可知此处应选cash“现金”。27A.howeverBbutCsoDsinceB考查连词辨析和上下文语境。but表示转折关系，后面一般不加逗号，however也表示转折关系，但是其前后一般均加标点符号，故选B。so表示因果关系，since“从以后，自以来”，不符合语境。28A.stupidBsillyCunwiseDfoolishC考查形容词辨析和上下文语境。u
24、nwise“不明智的”，符合语境。此处表示送钱数为奇数的红包是不明智的。29A.funeralsBweddingsCpartiesDmeetingsA考查名词辨析和上下文语境。由下文中的and可知空格处所填词与“considered unlucky for a time of celebration”所表示的感情色彩相同，结合选项可知只有funeral“葬礼”符合语境。30A.spokenBsaidCtalkedDmentionedB考查动词辨析。sth.be said to.是固定句型，表示“据说”，其余选项均不符合语境。31A.intoBtoCbyDasD考查动词与介词的搭配。transl
25、ate as“译成”，translate.into.“把译成”， translate.from.to.“把从译成”，be translated by sb.“被某人翻译”。结合语境可知选D。32A.luckyBunfortunateCunluckyDcomfortableA考查形容词辨析。lucky“幸运的”。此处是说红色在中国文化里被认为是幸运的。33A.thereforeBsoCas a result ofDandA考查语境选词。此处表示如今，其他颜色，像粉色、洋红色变得越来越流行，因此它(红色)不是一个固定的规则。由语境可知此处前后文存在因果关系，故therefore符合语境。34A.w
26、eepBcryCmourningDsorrowC考查名词辨析和上下文语境。此处是说一定要避免白色和黑色的红包，因为它们代表着死亡和哀悼。故mourning“哀悼”符合上下文语境。weep“哭泣，落泪”，cry“哭”，sorrow“悲痛”，均不符合语境。35A.disrespectfulBirrespectiveCrespectfulDrespectableA考查形容词辨析。disrespectful“无礼的”，与rude的意思是一致的，符合题意，其反义词是respectful“尊敬的”。irrespective“不考虑的，不顾的”，respectable“体面的”，均不符合题意。36A.cus
27、tomBhabitCbehaviourDpracticeD考查名词辨析。此处是说最好的做法是从银行弄到崭新的钞票。practice“通常的做法，惯例”，符合语境。custom“风俗，(个人的)习惯”，habit“习惯”，behaviour“行为”，均不符合语境。37A.suchBveryCsoDtooC考查副词词义辨析和固定句型。“soadj./adv.that(如此以至于)”是固定句型，故C项符合题意。固定句型“suchadj.n.that”的中心词是名词，very和too不能接that从句，所以均不符合题意。38A.followBlastCkeep upDconserveC考查动词辨析。此
28、处是说银行很难保持新钞票，即没有足够的新钞票。keep up“保持某事物”符合语境。39A.satisfyBreduceCincreaseDchangeA考查动词辨析和上下文语境。此处是说为了满足要求新加坡金融管理局额外新印钞票。satisfy“满足”符合语境。40A.backBapartCdownDoffD考查动词短语辨析。take off“摘掉，脱下，减去”，take the pressure off表示“减压”，符合语境。take back“退回”，take apart“拆开，拆散，拆卸”，take down“拆掉，写下”，均不符合题意。C(2016宜昌模拟)Time talks.It
29、speaks more plainly than words.Time 41 in many ways.Consider the different parts of the day，for example.The time of the day when something is done can give a 42 meaning to the event.It is not a 43 to telephone someone very early in the morning.If you telephone him early in the day, 44 he is shaving
30、or having breakfast，the time of the call shows that something is urgent and 45 immediate attention.The same meaning is 46 telephone calls made after 11：00 pm.If someone receives a call during sleeping hours，he may think it is a 47 of life and death.The time chosen for the call 48 its importance.In s
31、ocial life，time plays a very 49 part.In the United States，guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the 50 to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.But this is not 51 in all countries.In other areas of the world，it may be considered foolish to make an app
32、ointment too far 52 because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be 53 The meaning of time 54 from place to place in the world. 55 ，misunderstandings often arise between people from different cultures that 56 time differently.For example, promptness(准时) is 57 greatly in Amer
33、ican life.If people are not prompt，they may be regarded as 58 or not fully responsible.In the US，no one would think of keeping a business partner 59 for an hour; it would be too rude.A person who is five minutes late is 60 to make a short apology.本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了时间的诉说比文字表达更为直白，但是它以自己的方式与人们交流。不同的时间代表不同
34、的意义，守时与否也有着不同的含义。41. AwastesBcommunicatesCtravelsDrunsB根据前文可知，时间会说话，这里指的是时间的表达有很多种。waste浪费； communicate交流；travel旅行；run跑。42A.specialBridiculousCpreciousDrareA根据语境可知，这里的意思是一天中不同时间做一件事意味着这件事有特别的含义。special特殊的，特别的；ridiculous荒唐的；precious珍贵的；rare罕见的。43A.customBdealCproblemDdutyA一大早给别人打电话不是惯常行为。custom风俗，习性，
35、惯常行为；deal交易；problem问题；duty责任。44A.wheneverBthoughCwhileDonceC如果你很早打电话给一个人，而此时这个人正在刮脸或吃早饭，那么打电话的时间就表明有紧急事情发生，需要立即予以关注。whenever无论何时；though虽然；while当时，然而；once一旦。45A.givesBescapesCpaysDrequiresD解析见上题。give给予；escape逃脱；pay付钱；require需求，需要。46A.compared withBcovered withCattached toDdevoted toC晚上十一点以后打来电话也是同样的意
36、思。compare with和相比较；cover with被覆盖；attach to附属于，爱慕；devote to投入，致力于。47A.storyBmatterCgameDviewB如果某人在睡觉的时间接到一个电话，那么他可能会觉得这是一件生死攸关的事情。a matter of life and death意为“生死攸关的事情”。story故事；matter事件；game游戏；view观点。48A.reducesBignoresCdoubtsDstressesD打电话的时间选择也强调了它的重要性。reduce降低；ignore忽视；doubt怀疑；stress强调。49A.different
37、BsmallCsignificantDequalC根据后文可知，这里是说时间在社会生活中也起着重要作用。different不同的；small小的；significant重要的；equal平等的。50A.planBinvitationCgiftDwishB在美国，如果客人在聚会前三四天才收到邀请那么他就会觉得没有被重视。plan计划；invitation邀请；gift礼物；wish愿望。51A.trueBusefulCclearDgratefulA根据后文可知，在其他一些国家，聚会的邀请如果提前一个多星期会被认为是愚蠢的。那么也就是说美国人的那种想法在其他国家并非如此。true真实的，准确的；u
38、seful有用的；clear清楚的；grateful感激的。52A.on timeBat lengthCin advanceDby chanceC根据句意可知，既然是聚会的约定自然是在聚会之前。on time准时；at length最终，终于；in advance提前；by chance偶然。53A.rememberedBforgottenCcancelledDopposedB根据常识可知，如果约定的时间过早的话会被遗忘，所以这里是说提前一个多星期计划好的约会容易被遗忘。remember记得；forget忘记；cancel取消；oppose反对。54A.variesBseparatesCrus
39、hesDkeepsA根据前文可知，不同的国家时间的意义也不同，所以这里是说时间的意义会随着地方的不同而不同。vary改变，变化；separate分隔，分开；rush冲，跑；keep维持。55A.MeanwhileBOtherwiseCThusDBesidesC根据上一句可知，时间的意义会随着地方的不同而不同，而本句说来自不同国家的人们之间常常会出现误会。两句之间存在因果关系。meanwhile同时；otherwise否则；thus因此；besides此外，况且。56A.makeBkillCsaveDtreatD根据下文内容可知，这里是说不同地区的人对待时间的看法也不同。make制作；kill杀
40、死；save节约，挽救；treat对待，款待，治疗。57A.complainedBvaluedCseizedDinfluencedB美国人的生活中准时是非常受重视的。complain抱怨；value重视；seize抓住；influence影响。58A.impoliteBdesperateChelplessDunluckyA如果人们不准时，会被视为是不礼貌或者不负责任的。impolite不礼貌的；desperate绝望的；helpless无助的；unlucky不幸的。59A.workingBapproachingCwaitingDthinkingC根据前文可知，美国人很看重准时，而且下文提到不准时是无礼的，可推断出此处指的是让生意伙伴等待。work工作；approach接近，到来；wait等待；think认为，思考。60A.forcedBexpectedCrefusedDblessedB如果一个人迟到五分钟的话就要被期待简单地道个歉。force强迫，迫使；expect期待，期望，预料；refuse拒绝；bless祝福。【导学号：90892072】