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1、训练3说明文()A(2016福州市质量检查)Get a Thorough Understanding of OneselfIn all ones life time it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. 1 When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate(高估) yourself.It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach. 2 Its like
2、ly that you think it wise for yourself to stay away from the outer world.Actually，to get a thorough understanding of oneself，you may as well keep the following tips in mind.Gain a correct view of oneself. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much，for dreams can
3、never be fully realized.You may be courageous to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. 3 Selfappreciate. Whether you compare yourself to a towering tree or a blade of grass，a high mountain or a small stone，you represent a state of nature. 4 If you earnestly(诚挚地)
4、 admire yourself youll have a real sense of selfappreciation. 5 In time of anger，do yourself a favor by releasing(释放) it in a quiet place so that you wont be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness，do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a bad mood into a cheerful one; in
5、time of tiredness，do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep.Get a full control of ones life. Then one will find ones life full of color and flavor.A. It has its own value.BDo oneself a favor when its needed.CDo yourself a favor when you resist the attack of illness.DBut it is precisely oneself tha
6、t one has the least understanding of.EEspecially if it is well within your reach，you are just too blind to see it.FWhen you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself for your own incompetence.GSo long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself，there wont be difficulties you cant overcom
7、e.本文是一篇说明文。生活中总有些人高估或低估自己，这是因为他们不了解自己。本文就如何全面了解自己提出了几条建议。1D关键句是强调句型，和D项句式相同，但意思相反，前后两句之间为转折关系，“But”起着衔接的作用，符合语境。故选D。2F空格前提到“在人生的上升阶段你倾向于高估自己，似乎你所追求的一切都触手可及”；F项意为“当你走下坡路时，你倾向于因自己的无能而低估自己”，与上文句式相同，说明两种情况，与下文的“stay away from the outer world”紧密衔接。故选F。3G根据该段的小标题“获得对自己的正确评价”可知，G项“只要你对自己非常了解，就没有克服不了的困难”符合语
8、境。故选G。4A空格前提到“不管你把自己比作什么事物，实际上你代表的是一种自然形态”，与A项“它有自己的价值”紧密衔接，符合语境。故选A。5B分析该段大意可知，本段主要建议“在你生气、悲伤、劳累时，可通过适当的方式对自己好一些”；B项“在需要的时候对自己好一些”符合该段大意，适合做本段小标题。关键词“do yourself a favor”也是选择的依据。故选B。 【导学号：90892056】B(2016长沙市模拟) “ 6 ” All the things that you have been through，all the people you have met and interacte
9、d with can have an impact on your attitude.If you think that all these factors have made you a person with a poor attitude towards life，there is no need to worry as there is always an opportunity for change.Let me share with you how I did it.1. Identify and understand what you want to change.The fir
10、st step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. 7 When it comes to changing your attitude，you need to do an honest and indepth selfevaluation so you could point out exactly which of your qualities need to be improved or totally changed. 2 8 We all need to know that what wer
11、e trying to accomplish can in fact be achieved; that we can be more optimistic，more social or more patient.Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have，and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards bec
12、oming a better person.3.Think about how your attitude change will affect your life.To be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards selfbetterment，you need to figure out exactly what this supposed change could bring to your life.Fix your mind on the things th
13、at would come as a result of your attitude change and you will have a greater chance of reaching your goal.4.Choose the right company.As they say，“Bad company corrupts good character.” You dont expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the neg
14、ative personalities that you want to change.Consider befriending new people，especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. 9 5 10 Often，the greatest obstacle between us and our goals is ourselves or our inability to trust in what we are able to do.If you dont believe i
15、n yourself or believe that you or your life can change，it just wont happenyou will either never start，or give up quickly so you wont have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed.A. Believe that you are able to change.BOur personalities and attitudes are developed through our relationships and
16、 experiences.CLook for a role model.DYou will see that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends.EIt is only right to try hard to have a strong mind.FSetting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor.GOur attitude toward life determines lifes attitude towards
17、 us.本文是一篇说明文。我们对待生活的态度决定了生活对待我们的态度，本文作者主要和读者分享了他/她是如何积极对待生活的。6G根据下文内容可推知，空格处是一个直接引语，且从第二句开始，文章都是围绕“attitude”展开的。故G项“我们对待生活的态度决定了生活对待我们的态度”总领全文，符合语境。故选G。7F上文提到做出改变的第一步就是要完全认清需要改变的对象。故F项“制定明确的目标是任何努力成功的关键”是对上文的进一步说明，与上文衔接紧密，且照应该段小标题“Identify and understand what you want to change.”符合语境。故选F。8C此处为第三段小标题
18、。根据第三段最后一句“Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have，and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards becoming a better person.”可知，C项“寻找一个楷模”与其意思一致，适合做该段标题。故选C。9D根据该段小标题“Choose the right company.”以及空格前
19、的“Consider befriending new people，especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life.”可知，D项中的“these kinds of people”与空格前的“those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life”相照应。故选D。10A此处为最后一段小标题。通读该段内容可知，该段主要告诉我们要相信自己能够做出改变；该段中的“trust in”和“believe in”是对A项中的“B
20、elieve”的同义再现。故A项概括了该段大意，适合做标题。故选A。C(2016郑州市质量预测)Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in SchoolA new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school. 11 They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students chances of success i
21、n school.More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project. 12 It is said to be the first ever longterm study in Northern Ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than
22、 once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams. 13 The study found that social media use did not affect school performance.Celine McStravick is the
23、director of the National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland.She says the study showed no connection between social media and test results.“ 14 I think thats more because social media is part of every childs life.Its the way they communicate.Its the way they keep in touch with their friends.”Many pare
24、nts say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games.Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction. 15 It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.A. However
25、，the study did not explore addiction.BThe new games are much different from older ones.CIt was clear that social media didnt have any effect.DIt took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.EThat compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.FDrug addiction does great harm to t
26、heir health and performance at school.GBritains National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of the study.本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响青少年的学习成绩。11G上文提到，一份新的研究警告说，孩子玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响他在学校的成绩。G项讲的是英国的一个机构对这项研究的结果进行了报告，承接上文话题，并与下句中的“They show”相照应。故选G。12D上文提到，有600多名年龄在14至16岁的青少年参与了这次研究。D项
27、意为“这项研究从2013年开始，到2015年结束，持续了三年”，与上文话题紧密相连，且与下文中的“be the first ever longterm study”照应，符合语境。故选D。13E上文提到，在每天玩两次甚至更多次电脑游戏的学生中，只有4l%的学生学习成绩过关。E项提到，很少玩游戏的学生成绩过关的比例达到了77%，与上文话题形成了对比关系，符合语境。故选E。14C上文提到，Celine McStravick认为这份研究表明，社交媒体和考试结果之间没有联系。空格处为Celine McStravick说的话。C项意为“很明显，社交媒体没有任何影响”，与上文话题照应，符合Celine M
28、cStravick的看法。故选C。15A上文提到，有些父母将玩电脑游戏比喻成毒瘾。A项意为“但是，这项研究并没有对上瘾展开研究”，与上文话题照应，且形成转折关系，符合语境。故选A。 【导学号：90892057】D(2016太原市模拟)How to get along with your bossIn your career，you may have to report to a manager，the person you call boss. 16 Here are some tips to help you develop an effective relationship with yo
29、ur boss. The first step is to develop a positive relationship with your boss.Relationships are based on trust. 17 Keep timetable commitments(承诺)Never blindside your manager with surprises that you could have predicted or prevented.Keep him/her informed about your projects and interactions with the r
30、est of the organization.Tell the boss when youve made an error or one of your reporting staff has made a mistake. 18 Lies or efforts to mislead always result in further stress for you as you worry about getting “caught”Communicate daily or weekly to build the relationship.Recognize that success at w
31、ork is not all about you. 19 Identify your bosss areas of weakness or greatest challenges and ask what you can do to help.What are your bosss biggest worries? How can your contribution reduce these concerns? Understand your bosss goals and priorities.Place emphasis in your work to match her prioriti
32、es.Think in terms of the overall success of your department and company，not just about your narrow world at work. 20 Does he/she like frequent communication，autonomous(主动的) employees，requests in writing in advance of meeting，or informal conversation as you pass in the hallway? Your bosss preferences
33、 are important.The better you understand them，the better you will work with him/her.If you sometimes disagree and occasionally experience an emotional reaction，dont hold hatred.Dont make threats about leaving.Disagreement is fine.You need to come to terms with the fact that your boss has more author
34、ity and power than you do.A. Value your bosss time.BDo what you say youll do.CIdentify what he/she values in an employee.DCoverups dont contribute to an effective relationship.EPut your bosss needs at the center of your universe.FLearning how to read your bosss moods and reactions is also helpful.GT
35、he relationship with your boss is important for your work success and career progress.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些与老板友好相处的建议。16G下文提到，以下是一些有助于你与老板关系融洽的建议。G项意为“与老板之间的关系对于你工作上的成功和事业上的进步来说很重要”，讲述的是与老板建立好关系的重要性，与下文提出建议形成因果关系，符合语境。故选G。17B根据上文可知，关系应建立在信任的基础之上；根据下文可知，要遵守承诺。B项意为“做你说过要做的事”，与上下文衔接密切，符合语境。故选B。18D根据上文可知，如果你
36、或你的汇报人员犯了错误，要告诉老板。D项意为“隐瞒不利于发展良好的关系”，与上文话题紧密相连，并照应下文对谎言的不利之处的进一步描述，符合语境。故选D。19E上文提到，要认识到工作上的成功并不仅仅局限于你自己；根据下文可知，确定你老板的弱点或最大挑战，看看自己能帮他做些什么。故E项“把老板的需要放在你的中心位置”，起过渡作用，照应上文“is not all about you”且与下文话题衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。20C此处为该段主题句，根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是，要弄清楚老板喜欢什么样的员工。C项意为“确定他/她看重员工的哪个方面”，体现了本段的中心，符合语境。故选C。E(2015
37、全国卷)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 21 ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the
38、feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit. 22 As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each d
39、ay. 23 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 24 After two weeks，start timing yourself. 25 Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor
40、a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in themFTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了
41、进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要做好准备，购买最合适的跑鞋。同时要注意在第一周里不要考虑跑多远，而是要逐渐延长跑步时间。到第二周的时候，可以设置跑步距离，每天逐渐加长，然后再根据参赛的具体情况制订训练方案。21C根据该空后面提供的语境buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find(购买你能找到的最合适的、最好的跑鞋)可知，这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备，这应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，故选C项“Before you begin your training”。22E由该空前的语境When you have found shoe
42、s that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.(当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度。)可知，E选项中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致。另外feel good与the fit相对应。故选E。23A空前的During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的时候，不要考虑跑了多远，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分钟。)提到了the first
43、 week，即7天，空格后面说it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，这样剩余的就是6天，与A项相关。24D根据该空格前面提供的语境But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下来的一周，树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标。)可知，与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。25G由该空前的After two weeks，start timing yourself.(两周后，开始给自己计时。)可知，这里的timing与G项中的improving distance and time意义相关。