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1、About the TextIt is a narrative account of the authors memorable experience with a psychiatrist(the Old Man)who brought him a sudden flash of insight which completely changed his attitude toward life.(from negative to positive)第1页/共52页Words and expressions that are related to flash of insightInspira
2、tion,intuition,instinct,enlightenment,instantrevelation,telepathy,perception,gutreaction,instantrecognition第2页/共52页WORDS:what is its power?What we need to emphasise is the unrecognised power of words,the value of the individual word.We take words very much for granted,just as we take our eyes,our po
3、wer of vision for granted.But both are tremendously flexible and have wide-ranging powers-which have hardly been described in any complete way.第3页/共52页Language is a powerful instrument.It is used in many different ways and constitutes one of the principal forces controlling and forming human behavio
4、ur.Besides its most familiar and normally most discussed use,communication,language is important through its use in ones private thought,in science and in oratory,in poetry,in philosophy-and perhaps most remarkably in techniques of hypnosis.第4页/共52页第5页/共52页Pre-reading Questions1)Whatmode(s)ofwriting
5、doesthetextfallinto?2)Whatarethetwowordstoavoidandthetwotoremember?3)WhatarethephysicalcircumstancesforthemeetingbetweentheauthorandtheOldMan?Narration+description“ifonly”and“nexttime”Thetime:onerainywintryafternoonTheplace:aFrenchrestaurantinManhattan第6页/共52页The TextThe TextNothinginlifeismoreexcit
6、ingandrewardingthanthesuddenflashofinsightthatleavesyouachangedperson-notonlychanged,butchangedforthebetter.Suchmomentsarerare,certainly,buttheycometoallofus.Sometimesfromabook,asermon,alineofpoetry.Sometimesfromafriendthequickandspontaneousunderstandingthatmakesyouachangedperson第7页/共52页Thatwintryaf
7、ternooninManhattan,waitinginthelittleFrenchrestaurant,Iwasfeelingfrustratedanddepressed.Becauseofseveralmiscalculationsonmypart,aprojectofconsiderableimportanceinmylifehadfallenthrough.Eventheprospectofseeingadearfriend(theOldMan,asIprivatelyandaffectionatelythoughtofhim)failedtocheermeasitusuallydi
8、d.Isattherefrowningatthecheckeredtablecloth,chewingthebittercudofhindsight.PickoutthewordswhichareusedtodescribetheauthorsmooddirectlyandindirectlyWintry:1.of or characteristic of winter:wintry blasts;wintry skies.2.resembling winter weather;having snow,frost,cold,storms,etc.:We had wintry weather w
9、ell into May last year.3.suggestive of winter,as in lack of warmth or cheer:a wintry manner.fallthrough:tocometonothing;failofrealization:e.g.Despiteallhisefforts,thedealfellthrough.Butattemptstotakethecitybystormfellthrough,Butattemptstotakethecitybystormfellthrough,soHitlerdecidedtostarveitintosur
10、render.soHitlerdecidedtostarveitintosurrender.（BBCBBCJan13,2014Jan13,2014）thinkingrepeatedlyaboutthepainfulrealizationofwhathadhappenedHindsight：understandingthenatureofaneventafterithashappenede.g.Hestubbornlyboughtthesledsanyway.Inhindsight,hewasright.(ReutersJan25,2014)第8页/共52页Hecameacrossthestre
11、et,finally,muffledinhisancientovercoat,shapelessfelthatpulleddownoverhisbaldhead,lookingmorelikeanenergeticgnomethananeminentpsychiatrist.Hisofficeswerenearby;Iknewhehadjustlefthislastpatientoftheday.muffle:towearthickwarmclothesinordertokeepwarm:e.g.Iwasmuffledupagainstthecoldinascarfandhat.Old-fas
12、hionedovercoatgnome:(地精，土地神）an imaginary,very small,old man with a beard and a pointed hat,in traditional childrens stories;dwarflike creature;第9页/共52页Hewascloseto80,buthestillcarriedafullcaseload,stillactedasdirectorofalargefoundation,stilllovedtoescapetothegolfcoursewheneverhecould.Bythetimehecame
13、overandsatbesideme,thewaiterhadbroughthisinvariablebottleofale.Ihadnotseenhimforseveralmonths,butheseemedas indestructibleasever.“Well,youngman,”hesaidwithoutpreliminary,“whatstroublingyou?”Whatdoestheword“still“suggestabouttheoldman?MakeacommentontheuseofthiswordinrelationtotheoldmanscharacterWitho
14、ut polite greetings or remarks第10页/共52页I had long since ceased to be surprised at his perceptiveness.SoIproceededtotellhimat some length,justwhatwasbotheringme,with a kind of melancholy pride,Itriedtobeveryhonest.Iblamednooneelseformydisappointment,onlymyself.Ianalyzedthewholething,allthebadjudgment
15、s,thefalsemoves.Iwentonforperhaps15minutes,whiletheOldMansippedhisaleinsilenceWhatdoesthisstatementtellusabouttherelationshipbetweenthem?Insomedetail;tosomeextentFeelingproudofmyprojectofconsiderableimportancealthoughIwassadatseveralmiscalculationsonmypartOxymoronArhetoricalfigureinwhichincongruouso
16、rcontradictorytermsarecombined,asinadeafeningsilenceandamournfuloptimist.第11页/共52页WhenIfinished,heputdownhisglass.“Comeon,”hesaid.“Letsgobacktomyoffice.”“Youroffice?Didyouforgetsomething?“No,”hesaidmildly.“Iwantyourreactiontosomething.Thatsall.”Book-linedwalls,longleathercouch,signedphotographofSigm
17、und Freud,taperecorderbythewindow.Hissecretaryhadgonehome.WewerealoneSigmundFreud,PsychiatristBorn:6May1856Birthplace:Freiberg,Moravia(nowCzechRepublic)Died:23September1939(cancer)BestKnownAs:FounderofpsychoanalysispsychiatryBranchofmedicineconcernedwithmentaldisorders.Untilthe18thcentury,mentalheal
18、thproblemswereconsideredformsofdemonicpossession;graduallytheycametobeseenasillnessesrequiringtreatment.Inthe19thcentury,researchintoandclassificationandtreatmentofmentalillnessesadvanced.SigmundFreudspsychoanalytictheorydominatedthefieldformanyyearsbeforeitwaschallengedbybehavioralandcognitivethera
19、pyandhumanisticpsychologyinthemid-20thcentury.Psychiatristsholdmedicaldegreesandcanprescribedrugsandothermedicaltreatmentsinadditiontoconductingpsychotherapy.Thepsychiatristoftenworksasamemberofamentalhealthteamthatincludesclinicalpsychologistsandsocialworkers.第12页/共52页TheOldMantookatapefromaflatcar
20、dboardboxandfitteditontothemachine.“Onthistape,”hesaid,“arethreeshortrecordingsmadebythreepersonswhocametomeforhelp.They are not identified,ofcourse.Iwantyoutolistentotherecordingsandseeifyoucanpickoutthetwo-wordphrasethatisthecommon denominatorinallthreecases.”Hesmiled.“Dontlooksopuzzled.Ihavemyrea
21、sons.”Theirnamesarenotgiven;anonymouscommondenominator:Commonfeature,commonelement,commoncharacter(共同特性，共性）;anattributethatiscommontoallmembersofacategorye.g.1.Environmentaltoxinsmaybeacommondenominatorhere,accordingtoDavisandhercolleagues.据戴维斯博士和她的同事们介绍，环境中的有毒物质可能是造成此事的共同原因。2.Astheworldgetssmaller,
22、Englishservesasthecommondenominatorforcommunication.随着世界变小，英语成为人们沟通的桥梁。Moreexamples:Themostcommondenominatoristheyreoftenfromruralorveryimpoverishedcommunitiesandfamilies.(NewsweekJul26,2013)Thecommondenominatorofthesesuggestionsisthattheytaketime.(ScientificAmericanMar14,2013)第13页/共52页Whattheowners
23、ofthevoicesonthetapehadincommon,itseemedtome,wasunhappiness.Themanwhospokefirstevidentlyhadsufferedsomekindofbusinesslossorfailure;heberated himselffornothavingworkedharder,fornothavinglookedahead.Thewomanwhospokenexthadnevermarriedbecauseofasenseofobligationtoherwidowedmother;sherecalledbitterlyall
24、themaritalchancesshehadlet go by.Thethirdvoicebelongedtoamotherwhoseteen-agesonwasintroublewiththepolice:sheblamedherselfendlessly.berate(FORMAL)tocriticizeorspeakinanangrymannertosomeone:e.g.Asheleftthemeeting,hewasberatedbyangrydemonstrators.Doctorsareoftenberatedforbeingpoorcommunicators,particul
25、arlywhentheyhavetogivepatientsbadnews.Letgoby:misse.g.Opportunityisrare,andawisemanwillneverletitgoby(him).机会难得,聪明人从不交臂失之.Letnotadaygobywithoutspeakingtosomeonewiththesmileofthefaceandeyeremindingthemthatsomebodycares,anditisJesus!让你的任何一天都没有这样逝去：让与你接触的人们从你的笑容和眼睛中知道有人真心关心他们-这就是耶稣之路！Whatisthe“commonde
26、nominator”ofthethreecases?Moreexamplesofberate:Thecomedianwasberatingtheaudienceforlaughingtooquietly.(BBCAug26,2013)Iberatedmyselffornotbeingmoreproductive,fornotbeingmoresavvy,fortakingawholedayoff.(SlateMay29,2013)第14页/共52页TheOldManswitchedoffthemachineandleanedbackinhischair.“Sixtimesinthosereco
27、rdingsaphraseisusedthatsfullofsubtle poison.Didyouspotit?No?Well,perhapsthatsbecauseyouuseditthreetimesyourselfdownintherestaurantalittlewhileago.”Hepickeduptheboxthathadheldthetapeandtosseditovertome.“Theretheyare,rightonthelabelThetwosaddestwordsinanylanguage.”destructiveeffectthatisdifficulttopin
28、down;negativeimplicationsthatarenoteasilyidentifiableMakeacommentonthechoiceofthisphrase第15页/共52页Ilookeddown.Printedneatlyinredinkwerethewords:Ifonly.“Youdbeamazed,”saidtheOldMan.“ifyouknewhowmanythousandsoftimesIvesatinthischairandlistenedtowoefulsentencesbeginningwiththosetwowords.Ifonly,theysayto
29、me,Ihaddoneitdifferently-ornotdoneitatall.IfonlyIhadntlostmytemper,saidthecruelthing,madethatdishonestmove,toldthatfoolishlie.IfonlyIhadbeenwiser,ormoreunselfish,ormoreself-controlled.TheygoonandonuntilIstopthem.SometimesImakethemlistentotherecordingsyoujustheard.Ifonly,Isaytothem,youdstopsayingifon
30、ly,wemightbegintogetsomewhere!”Woeful:feelingorexpressinggreatdistressorsorrow;pitifullyorregrettablybade.g.NotablymissingistheMetropolitanOpera,whichhasawoefulhistoryofengagingfemaleconductors.Farmersneedinfrastructuretogetgoodstomarket-andruralNigeriasisaswoefulasitgets.(ReutersJul4,2013)getsomewh
31、ere:tobesuccessfule.g.ifwecanmakegooduseoftime,therecansurelybenodoubtthatwewillgetsomewhere.这样说来假如我们能善用时间当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。Thereisnoonebutwishestogetsomewhere.没有人不希望将来能有所成就.Pleaseparaphrasethissentence第16页/共52页TheOldManstretchedouthislegs.“Thetroublewithifonly,”hesaid,“isthatitdoesntchangeanything.Itkee
32、psthepersonfacingthewrongway-backwardinsteadofforward.Itwastestime,Intheend,ifyouletitbecomeahabit,itcanbecomearealroadblock,anexcusefornottryinganymore.somethingthatpreventsfurtherprogress;obstaclee.g.Thesubjectsareshownfacingsetbacksandtheemotionalroadblocksthatcontributetotheirdangerouslyoverweig
33、htcondition.(SeattleTimesMay30,2011)Meanwhilethereareroadblocks,particularlythelanguagebarrier,whichseverelylimitsmediaexposureforsongsinSpanish.(NewYorkTimesJul12,2010)第17页/共52页“Nowtakeyourowncase:yourplansdidntworkout.Why?Becauseyoumadecertainmistakes.Well,thatsallright:everyonemakesmistakes.Mista
34、kesarewhatwelearnfrom.Butwhenyouweretellingmeaboutthem,lamentingthis,regrettingthat,youwerentreallylearningfromthem.”“Howdoyouknow?”Isaid,abitdefensively Whatdoesthiswordshowabouttheattitudeoftheauthoratthemoment?Experienceisthenameeveryonegivestotheirmistakes.OscarWilde1854-1900:LadyWindermeresFan(
35、1892)第18页/共52页Because,”saidtheOldMan,“you never got out of the past tense.Notoncedidyoumentionthefuture.Andinaway-behonest,now!-youwereenjoyingit.Theresaperverse streakinallofusthatmakesusliketohash overoldmistakes.Afterall,whenyourelatethestoryofsomedisasterordisappointmentthathashappenedtoyou,your
36、estillthechiefcharacter,stillinthecenterofthestage.”PleaseparaphrasethisstatementobstinatelyunreasonablequalitystreaknounCanoftenunpleasantdistinctivecharacteristic:e.g.Herstubbornstreakmakesherverydifficulttoworkwithsometimes.Youneedtohaveacompetitivestreakwhenyoureworkinginmarketing.Hehasayellowst
37、reakinhim.他胆小。ThePuritans,however,hadameanstreak.然而，那些清教徒生性也有卑劣的一面。IdontlikeKevin;hesgotanastyvindictivestreakinhim.我不喜欢凯文，他报复性的倾向太重。hashover：gobackover;bringupagainforconsideration;discuss,esp.inreview:e.g.Attheclassreuniontheyhashedovertheircollegedays.Stocksareoffsharplyinearlytradingtoday,asWall
38、StreetisdigestingadisappointingMayjobsreportandhashingovermoretroublesinEurope.(WashingtonPostJun4,2010)第19页/共52页Ishookmyheadruefully.“Well,whatstheremedy?”“Shiftthefocus,”saidtheOldManpromptly.“Changethekeywordsandsubstituteaphrasethatsuppliesliftinsteadofcreatingdrag.”regretfullyuseaphrasethatprov
39、idesafeelingofencouragementinsteadofcausingfrustrationordepressionNotethatthistheturningpointforthewritersattitudeDragsomethingthatslowsordelaysprogresse.g.Taxationisadragontheeconomy.Toomanylawsareadragontheuseofnewland.第20页/共52页“Doyouhavesuchaphrasetorecommend?”“Certainly.Strikeoutthewords ifonly:
40、substitutethephrasenexttime.”“Nexttime?”Pleasemakeacommentontheimplicationsof“ifonly”and“nexttime”.第21页/共52页“Thatsright.Iveseenitwork minor miraclesrighthereinthisroom.Aslongasapatientkeepssayingifonlytome.Hesintrouble.Butwhenhelooks me in the eyeandsaysnexttime,Iknowhesonhiswaytoovercominghisproble
41、m.Itmeanshehasdecidedtoapplythelessonshehaslearnedfromhisexperience,howevergrimorpainfulitmayhavebeenItmeanshesgoingtopushasidetheroadblockofregret,moveforward,takeaction,resumeliving.Tryityourself.Youllsee.”Producesomequiteunexpectedgoodresultslooksdirectlyatmewithoutshowingembarrassmentorfear第22页/
42、共52页Myoldfriendstoppedspeaking.Outside,Icouldheartherainwhisperingagainstthewindowpane.Itriedslidingonephraseoutofmymindandreplacingitwiththeother.Itwasfanciful,ofcourse,butIcouldhearthe new words lock into placewith an audible clickWhatistheimplicationofthisstatement?Itimpliesthatthewordsarejustwha
43、tappropriatelydescribehisstateofmindandthesituation.Theword“click”suggestsasuddenawarenessorunderstandingofsth.Notethatwhensomethingclicksforyou,itsuddenlymakessense.第23页/共52页TheOldManstoodupabitstiffly.Well,classdismissed.Ithasbeengoodtoseeyou,youngman.Alwaysis.Now,ifyouwillhelpmefindataxi,Iprobabl
44、yshouldbegettingonhome.”Wecameoutofthebuildingintotherainynight.Ispottedacruisingcabandrantowardit,butanotherpedestrianwasquicker.taximovingleisurelyabout,lookingforpassengers第24页/共52页“My,my,”saidtheOldManslyly.“Ifonlywehadcomedowntensecondssooner,wedhavecaughtthatcab,wouldntwe?”Ilaughedandpickedupt
45、hecue.“NexttimeIllrunfaster.”“Thatsit,”criedtheOldMan,pullinghisabsurdhatdownaroundhisears.“Thatsitexactly!”indirectsuggestion;hint;signale.g.WhenInodmyhead,thatsyourcuetointerruptthemeeting.Shellgiveyouthecuewhenyouretostart.第25页/共52页Anothertaxislowed.Iopenedthedoorforhim.Hesmiledandwavedasitmoveda
46、way.Ineversawhimagain.Amonthlater,hediedofasuddenheartattackin full stride,so to speak.MorethanayearhaspassedsincethatrainyafternooninManhattan.Buttothisday,wheneverIfindmyselfthinking“ifonly”,Ichangeitto“nexttime”.ThenIwaitforthat almost perceptible mental click.AndwhenIhearit,IthinkoftheOldMan.alo
47、ng,quickstepwhenwalkingorrunning,suggestingquicknessorsuddennessifyouwill,inotherwords,asifitwerereallysoe.g.Humanbeingsareemotionalcreatures,sotospeak.人类可以说是感情的动物。theclearsignalsuggestedbytheOldmanthatcanalmostbefeltinthemindMoreexamples:Forweeks,thepresidentwastheonewhowasntansweringthetelephone,s
48、otospeak-refusingcategoricallytolistentotheprotestersdemands.(BBCJan26,2014)Also,onecantdenythatYahoohadhadaperiod“atsea”,sotospeak.(ForbesJan14,2014)Webecamethetipofthespear,sotospeak,inthisfightagainstgovernmentefforts,Bidzosrecalledinanoralhistory.(ReutersDec21,2013)第26页/共52页Asmallfragmentofimmor
49、tality,tobesure.Butitsthekindhewouldhavewanted.Asmallpieceofgoodadvicethatwillhaveanever-lastingeffect第27页/共52页ExerciseTurn the following statements with negative implications into ones with positive implications:1）I cannot see how you get the answer.2）If youd listened to directions the first time,y
50、ou would know what to do.3）If only you would listen to me!4）If only you hadnt been so careless.5）It seems to me you can never do anything right.6）I am at a loss to know why you should analyze the text that way.7）I regret you didnt finish this off this time.第28页/共52页Text II The Romance of WordsI.Orga