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1、Unit 4Teaching objectives:1. To learn the main language structures (relative clause);2. To build language skills through dialogue and listening in & speaking out;3. To explore the theme of the text;4. To learn the key words and expressions;5. To appreciate the writing features of the text;6. To appl
2、y some reading skills to practice;7. To think critically about the theme.Teaching focuses:1. The relative clauses introduced by relative adverbs: when, where, why;2. Key words and expressions;3. Appreciation of the text.Teaching approaches:1. Task-Based Language Teaching;2. Student-Centered Class;3.
3、 Learning by Using.Time allocation:Language Structures (2 periods)Dialogue (2 periods)Listening in & speaking out (1 period)Reading 1 (4 periods)Reading 2 (2 periods)Guided writing (1 period)Workbook (2 periods)Teaching procedures:Part 1 Language structuresStep 1 Ask students to read the four senten
4、ces and try to find out the grammar point- relative clauses introduced by relative adverbs: when, where, whyStep 2 Analyze the following sentences one by one and find out the focus of each sentence: 1. 12 October 1492 was the day when Columbus landed in America.The relative clause introduced by when
5、2. A kitchenette is a small room where people cook their meals.The relative clause introduced by where3. I like the way she spoke.The relative clause preceded by the way (in which)4. Is that the reason why we have tests and quizzes all the time?The relative clause introduced by whyStep 3 Explanation
6、s of grammar points1. 关系副词 or 关系代词 先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，并不都是用关系副词引导，而是要看关系词在从句中所作的成份。作状语时，用关系副词；作宾语时，仍然要用关系代词。 a. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Qingdao,where she has some relatives. b. This is theplacewhichI visited last year. c.Did you still remember the dayswhenwe spent together in Haina
7、n? d. October 1st is the daywhichwe Chinese people will never forget.2. 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。A. when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，E.g. ： a. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. b. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born
8、. c. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?B. that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，E.g. ： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years
9、 ago.Step 4 Presentation of language structure practiceAnswer the following questions according to the following directions. 1. to elicit relative clauses introduced by when, e.g.,1) What is significant about the year 1949? It was the year when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.2) What is si
10、gnificant about the year 1919? It was the year when the May the Fourth Movement took place.3) What sort of days are gone forever for the Chinese people? Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were oppressed and exploited.4) What is the most memorable day in your life? It is the day when_.
11、2. to elicit relative clauses introduced by where, e.g.,1) What is a dining-car? It is a railway coach where meals are served.2) What is a reference-room / library / cinema / theatre / university / language lab / (any other place which can be identified by a relative clause)?Step 5 Listen and practi
12、ce according to the cues. Ask the students to practice the conversations in pairs.Part 2 Dialogue Step 1 Lead inAnswer the following questions: Have you ever had any recurring dreams? How can you interpret your dreams? Do you think dreams are closely related to our desires? Do you believe that it wi
13、ll be very helpful to our health if we can make good use of dreams?Step 2 Background information1. Psychoanalytic dream interpretation Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is a subdivision of dream interpretation as well as a subdivision of psychoanalysis pioneered by Sigmund Freud in the early twent
14、ieth century. Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is the process of explaining the meaning of the way the unconscious thoughts and emotions are processed in the mind during sleep. There have been multiple methods used in psychoanalytic dream interpretation, including Freuds method of dream interpret
15、ation, the symbolic method, and the decoding method解码. The Freudian method is the most prominently used in psychoanalysis and has been for the last century. Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is used mainly for therapeutic purposes in a variety of settings. Although these theories are used, none ha
16、ve been solidly proven and much has been left open to debate among researchers. Some studies have shown that areas of dream interpretation can be invalid无效的and therefore a decline in importance has been seen in psychoanalytic dream interpretation.2. Id, ego and super-ego Id, ego and super-ego are th
17、e three parts of the psychic apparatus defined by Sigmund; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described. According to this model of the psyche, the id is the set of uncoordinated instinctual trends; the super-ego plays the critical and
18、 moralizing role; and the ego is the organized, realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego. The super-ego can stop you from doing certain things that your id may want you to do.Step 3 Listening to the recording and answer the questions on specific details of this di
19、alogue1) Who are the two speakers?2) What topic are they talking about?3) What does the dream of driving in or falling in water indicate?4) What is the relationship between work and dream?5) Why do people seldom remember their dreams?Step 4 Language in use 1 perhaps you could start off by giving us
20、some idea ofstart off by If you start off by doing something, you do it as the first part of an activity. e.g. I want to start off by apologizing for not having submit the report earlier.2 some idea of how dreams can be of use to us in ourbe of use be useful. Here are more examples for the pattern:b
21、e of difficulty, which means “be difficult”be of great importance, which means “be very important”be of great value, which means “be very valuable”3 What can you say about dreams that recur over and over in a persons life?recur: v. happen again or repeatedly 重现 e.g. This is a problem which will cons
22、tantly recur and entail the same consequences. Our first encounter often recurs to my mind. Collocations: a recurring problem, error, illness 反复出现的问题、错误、疾病； recur to sb. 事情在头脑中重现Translation:当我听到这柔和的音乐时,童年时的美好回忆便浮现在我的脑海中。Pleasant thoughts of my childhood recurred to me as I listened to the gentle mus
23、ic.occur : v. happen, come into being 发生 occur to sb. 想到，想起； It occurs to sb. that 想到某事； It occurs to sb. to do sth. 想到做某事4 Water speaks of emotions and feeling.speak of : show or indicate sth. 表明、意味着 e.g. Her tanned skin spoke of warm summer days spent in the sun.Collocations: speak highly of 高度赞扬；
24、 speak well/ill of 说某人的好话坏话； speak of /about 谈到，谈起； nobody/nothing to speak of 没什么值得一提的人或物； not to speak of 更不用说 speak of the devil 说曹操曹操到Translation:谈起昔日的校园生活, 她突然变得非常兴奋。5 may be speaking about a work scenario or career or lifestyle.scenario n. 1) an outline or synopsis of a play (or, by extension,
25、 of a literary work)剧本，脚本； 2) a series of related events that form a pattern 事态发展局面。 e.g. The scenario has been remade 20 times. Our motherland was once deeply involved in the scenario of suffering and loss.我们的祖国曾深深陷入苦难和沦丧的局面。Collocations: possible/likely scenario 可能发生的局面 worst-case/nightmare scenar
26、io 最坏的局面6 I approach work with a different attitude nowApproach: v. 1) come near to 接近，靠近； 2) deal with a problem 处理，对待； n. 1) way, path, road 道路，通路； 2) way of dealing with sth., method 方法Collocations: easy/difficult of approach 平易近人的难于接近的； the approach to 处理的方法或态度；到达某处的通路； approach a problem/task/m
27、atter 处理问题任务事务Derivative: approachable 可接近的7 to balance work and stress and outer action with more down time, down time a period of time that a system fails to provide or perform its primary function 停机（停歇、故障、中断运转）时间8. re-prioritize In this word, “prioritize” means “to assign a priority to”(优先处理), a
28、nd the prefix “re-” is used with the meaning “again” or “again and again” to indicate repetition, for example, retype, regenerate.9 the important ones will make it through to our waking minds when we wake up, we will be able to remember those dreams which are really important to us.10. hence ADVYou
29、usehenceto indicate that the statement you are about to make is a consequence of what you have just said. 因此e.g. The trade imbalance is likely to rise again in 2007. Hence a new set of policy actions will be required soon.贸易不平衡在2007年可能会再度上扬。因此需要很快采取一系列新的政策行动。ADVYou usehencein expressions such as sev
30、eral years hence or six months hence to refer to a time in the future, especially a long time in the future. 此后e.g. The gases that may be warming the planet will have their main effect many years hence.这些可能正在使行星变暖的气体，其重要影响将在许多年之后显现。Step 5 Practice (role-play)A. Ask the students to make up their own
31、conversations according to the substitutesB. Invite some pairs to present their dialogues to the classC. Ask students to give comments on the other students presentationsStep 6 summary and homeworkRetell the content of the dialogueSample Outline for Retelling:A interviews B, an expert on dreams, in
32、a radio show. They strike up a conversation focusing on dreams.1. A welcomes and asks B to introduce the topic.2. B explains to A the dream of driving in or falling in water.3. B continues to explain the relationship between the dream of driving in or falling in water and work stress.4. B tells A th
33、e reason why only very strange dreams can be remembered.Part 3 listening in & speaking out Step 1 Ask students to preview the vocabulary before playing the recording and introduce background information.Step 2 Play the recording for the first time and ask students to take notes on the important poin
34、ts of the passage.Step 3 Play the recording again and ask students to answer the questions relevant to the information on the recording.1. Who wrote the Harry Potter series? J. K. Rowling.2. What do the Harry Potter series describe? They describe the adventures of the adolescent wizard Harry Potter
35、and his best friends, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry3. Whats the main theme of Harry Potter? Death. 4. When did Harry Potter make its first appearance? How well was it received? June 30, 1997. It gained immense popularity.5. Which book was the fastest selling
36、book in history? The final book in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.6. Who enjoyed substantial financial success from the Harry Potter series? Rowling, her publishers, and other Harry Potter related license holders.Step 4 Ask students to discuss the topic in small groups and then ask
37、 each group to make a presentation to the whole class.Part 4 Reading 1 Step 1 Lead in1. Pre-reading questions.A daydream is a visionary fantasy experienced while awake, especially one of happy, pleasant thoughts, hopes or ambitions. Now, please think about the following questions before you read the
38、 text.a. In your opinion, why do people daydream?b. Daydreaming was long held in disrepute in society and was associated with laziness. Do you think daydreaming is good or bad? Why?c. It is said that daydreaming may also help us to sort out problems and achieve success. Can you think of some other p
39、ositive effects of daydreaming?2. Read the passage quickly, and then answer some questions on the details about the text.1） Define daydreaming2） What sort of people show particular interest in daydream research?3） When and where is one most likely to daydream?4） In what way does daydreaming differ f
40、rom fantasy?5） How does daydreaming affect us positively?6） How is daydreaming related to personality type?7） Do most daydreamers have personality problems?8） Which pattern of daydreaming fits the majority of people?Step 2 Structure of the text1. Read through the whole text very quickly, find out th
41、e main idea of each paragraph, decide whether some paragraphs can be grouped together to form a section and how each section is related to the other.2. The main idea: The passage tells us psychologists observation, analysis and explanation on daydreams.Section 1 (Para.1-2): Illustrate some examples
42、of daydreams.Section 2 (Para.3-4): Different views on the value of daydreams.Section 3 (Para.5): The frequency of daydreams and their content.Section 4 (Para. 6): Three daydream patterns. Step 3 Language in use1. the birds are singing and the trees are budding.budding: adj. beginning to develop 开始发育
43、（发展）的 Phrases: a budding sportsman 初露头角的 a budding beauty 妙龄女郎 a budding scientist2. The urge to gaze out the window is irresistible.1) urge: n. an impulse that prompts action or effort 强烈欲望 E.g. He has an urge to become a cinema star. urge: vt. to force or drive forward or onward 推进，驱策 e.g. He urge
44、d her to study English.2) gaze: v. to look steadily, intently 凝视，注视 Phrases: gaze after sb. 目送某人 gaze around 左顾右盼 gaze at 盯住 gaze out 向外注视3) irresistible: a. impossible to resist 不可抗拒的 e.g. The very high salary made the job irresistible.Translation: 她的美貌和魅力令男人不由得一见倾心。 Beauty and charm made her irres
45、istible to men.Phrases: irresistible desire / impulse 无法抗拒的欲望冲动 irresistible to sb. 对某人来说不可抗拒 n. irresistibility / irresistibleness3. the Holy Roman Empire a traditional European institution dating from the 8th century until 1806. The Roman imperial title was conferred on Charlemagne (查理大帝), king of
46、 the Franks, an ancient Germanic people, in 800 A.D. by Pope Leo III. The title was borne by successive dynasties of German kings almost continuously from the mid-10th century until its abolition. In 1806, Francis II of Austria was forced to lay down the imperial crown, and the Holy Roman Empire, having lasted for 1,000 years, ceased to exist.4. Suddenly you are startled back to reality.startle: v. to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly使惊吓