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1、v Text Iv Text IIv Oral Workv Guided Writingv Listening第1页/共43页v Pre-reading Activityv Structurev Vocabulary Acquisitionv Intensive Readingv Answer the Questions OrallyText 1:Predators,Parasites and Other Relationships 第2页/共43页Look up the following words in the dictionary.What subjects do you think
2、this text is about?What type of writing is it?What do you anticipate?Text IPre-reading ActivityPredators,Parasites and Other Relationships第3页/共43页1.Predator:a wild animal that lives on other animals by killing and eating them Parasite:a plant or animal that lives on or in another and gets food from
3、it Ecosystem:a system which relates all the plants,animals and people in an area to their surroundings2.The title of the text strongly suggests that it is an expository piece of writing on ecology.Text IPre-reading ActivityPredators,Parasites and Other Relationships第4页/共43页 This is Earth and Sky.Whe
4、n you look at a farm or a ranch,you might think to yourself,thats where _ or _ products come from.You might see _ that goes into clothing,or wood for paper,construction or fuel.But Scott Swinton,agricultural economist from Michigan State University sees more.He knows that agricultural lands_ air and
5、 water,_ greenhouse gases,and provide _ for wild plants and animals.These extra _ are ones that some ecologists have called ecosystem services.And ecosystem services are really just things that ecosystems provide that humans care about and that we like.Ecosystem services may not be bought and sold i
6、n a marketplace.But they have _.Swinton is planning a survey of Michigan citizens to ask what theyd pay for ecosystem services such as reduced erosion or runoff or more greenhouse gas storage.Its part of an effort to understand the value on ecosystem services.Swinton also wants to understand how _ f
7、arming practices affect the ecosystem services that a piece of land provides.And then finally with those kinds of things understood,we can think about designing policy _ for farmers to produce more of these ecosystem services.Text IListening Practicecorndairycottonfilterstorehabitatbenefitsvaluespec
8、ific incentives第5页/共43页 Now,please underline the key words or phrases.Text IList of key words of each paragraph1.Predators include lions,wolves,robins,frogs,humans,etc.2.Humans are the greatest predators known3.Predators do not really have an easy time killing defenseless prey.第6页/共43页 Now,please un
9、derline the key words or phrases.Text IList of key words of each paragraph4.Parasites often spend an entire lifetime with their hosts.5.Man makes use of predators and parasites to control the number of some pests.This is called biological control.6.Parasites and their hosts are closely associated wi
10、th each other,and that is an example of symbiosis.第7页/共43页Text IStructureExpositionTo support a generalization with a specific caseTo support an abstraction with a concrete instanceTo develops his material by offering examples and detailsTo use the common method Of illustrating an idea by examples第8
11、页/共43页Text IVocabulary AcquisitionWrite down the definition of each word that fits the context.carnivore(L.4)prey on(L.17)superb(L.25)array(L.13)species(L.25)ad infinitum(L.38)deliberately(l.42)A flesh-eating animalHunt an animal of any kindexcellentA collectionA group of plants or animals of the sa
12、me kindWithout end,forever(Latin)On purpose,intentionally第9页/共43页Some predators,carnivores such as lions 1.A flesh-eating animal.食肉动物2.Any of various predatory,flesh-eating mammals of the order Carnivora,including the dogs,cats,bears,weasels,hyenas,and raccoons.食肉动物：食肉目各种食肉性哺乳动物的一种，包括狗、猫、熊、鼬、鬣狗以及浣熊3
13、.An insectivorous plant.食虫植物n.adj.carnivorous第10页/共43页Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animalsv.on/upon1.To hunt,catch,or eat as prey:捕食捕食2.To victimize or make a profit at someone elses expense.使使成为牺牲品：使成为牺牲品：使成为牺牲品或以损害他人谋利成为牺牲品或以损害他人谋利3.To plunder or pillage.抢劫或抢夺抢劫或抢夺4.To exert a
14、baneful or injurious effect:折磨，使痛苦折磨，使痛苦prey:v.&n.第11页/共43页Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animalsn.1.An animal hunted or caught for food;quarry.捕获物，猎物捕获物，猎物 2.One that is defenseless,especially in the face of attack;a victim.牺牲品牺牲品 3.The act or practice of preying.捕猎，捕食捕猎，捕食词组：词组：1
15、)be become,fall a prey to 成了成了.的受害者的受害者,受受.的折磨的折磨2)easy prey 容易捕获的猎物容易捕获的猎物;容易上钩者容易上钩者;头脑简单的人头脑简单的人3)make a prey of 把把.当作食物当作食物猎获物猎获物4)seek after ones prey 寻食寻食;寻求战利品寻求战利品第12页/共43页prey upon Please translate:我不知道在动物世界里是否总是弱肉强食。我不知道在动物世界里是否总是弱肉强食。I dont know if it is always the case in the animal worl
16、d that stronger animals prey upon the weaker ones.第13页/共43页People usually believe that predators have an easy time of it,killing defenseless prey.Please paraphrase:People usually think that predators do not have to make an effort to kill the prey animals,since they prey have no means of protecting t
17、hemselves.第14页/共43页 strength and size,and formidable claws and teethformidable:adj.1)Arousing fear,dread,or alarm:可怕的：引起恐惧或忧虑的：可怕的：引起恐惧或忧虑的：E.g.the formidable prospect of major surgery.2)Inspiring awe,admiration,or wonder:不可思议的：引起敬畏、钦佩或惊奇的：不可思议的：引起敬畏、钦佩或惊奇的：3)Difficult to undertake,surmount,or defea
18、t:难对付的：难以完成、克服或对付的：难对付的：难以完成、克服或对付的：E.g.a formidable challenge;a formidable opponent.第15页/共43页My experience shows quite the contrary-the tiger has to work quiet hard for its meals,I estimate that,for every wild prey killed,the tiger makes twenty to thirty unsuccessful attempts.Please paraphrase:What
19、 I have gone through proves quiet opposite,i.e.,the tiger has to make a real effort to get something to cat.I would say that in order to catch one wild animal,the tiger has to try to make twenty to thirty attempts.第16页/共43页If the wolf could capture prime,healthy prey,itprime most important synonym m
20、aine.g.吸烟是引起肺病的主要原因。吸烟是引起肺病的主要原因。Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease.我们主要关切是为所有毕业生提供工作岗位。我们主要关切是为所有毕业生提供工作岗位。Our prime concern is providing jobs for all the graduates.2.of the very best quality or kind The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the valley.3.be a prime candidate/target(for s
21、omething)Old people are a prime target for thieves.4.prime example Blakey Hall is a prime example of a 19th century building.第17页/共43页So,naturalists observe,a fleaHath smaller fleas than he on him prey;And these have smaller still to bite em,And so proceed ad infinitum.Please paraphrase:Naturalists
22、have observed that fleas have smaller fleas living on and feeding off them,and these have even smaller fleas on them.This phenomenon continues almost indefinitely.第18页/共43页扁虱扁虱fungi:n.真菌真菌,菌类菌类 singular:fungus bacteria:n.细菌细菌 singular:bacterium adj.bacteria-free 无菌的无菌的flatworm:n.扁形虫扁形虫tick:n.动扁虱动扁虱m
23、ite:n.螨类螨类Since there are many parasitic fungi,bacteria,flatworms,insects,ticks,and mites.第19页/共43页mongoose第20页/共43页in hopes that 希望着希望着In the hope of 希望能希望能e.g.We came to the island in the hope of finding a simpler way of life.in vain hope 幻想地幻想地,空想地空想地last hope 最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人live i
24、n hope(s)仍然希望情况会好转仍然希望情况会好转lose all hope(s)完全失望完全失望第21页/共43页elm spanworm第22页/共43页bluebird第23页/共43页 controlling the importation of plants and animals to the U.S.importation:n.反：反：exportationThe act or business of importing.进口：进口的生意或行为进口：进口的生意或行为The condition or process of being imported.进口：进口的状态或过程进口
25、：进口的状态或过程1.3.Something imported;an import.输入物，进口货输入物，进口货词组：词组：duty-free importation 免税进口免税进口foreign capital importation 引进外资引进外资unilateral importation exportation 单边进单边进出出口口第24页/共43页Fish caller remoras attach themselves to sharks.They get a free ride and eat fragments of the sharks food.Please parap
26、hrase:Remoras,a type of fish,cling themselves to sharks,go where the sharks go and eat bits of sharks food.第25页/共43页There are many other commensal relationships in the mensal:adj.&n.Adj.Of,relating to,or characterized by a symbiotic relationship in which one species is benefited while the other is u
27、naffected.共栖的，共生的共栖的，共生的n.An organism participating in a symbiotic relationship in which one species derives some benefit while the other is unaffected.共生生物共生生物第26页/共43页animals that depend on the host for shelter or food scraps.scrape:n.&v.n.1.A small piece or bit;a fragment.小块，少许；碎片小块，少许；碎片 2.scrap
28、s Leftover bits of food.scraps 残羹剩饭残羹剩饭 3.Discarded waste material,especially metal suitable for reprocessing.废料：尤指废料：尤指可以回收的废金属可以回收的废金属.（及物动词）（及物动词）1.To break down into parts for disposal or salvage.打碎打碎 2.To discard as worthless;junk.废弃；抛弃废弃；抛弃第27页/共43页The organism that make up a lichen couldnt su
29、rvive long apart.Please paraphrase:The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live long separately.第28页/共43页1.Why is the killing of elephants in some areas necessary?2.Why do some hunters refuse to school an elephant?3.Why is the planned mass slaughter of five thousand elephants in the Tsa
30、vo Game Park justified?4.In what way is an elephant different from other animals?5.What is humane about the method used for killing elephants?6.What does”the affairs of men”mean?7.What is the authors attitude towards the slaughter of the elephants?What do you think of this attitude?Text IIExtensive
31、Reading QuestionsSlaughter of the Elephants第29页/共43页Important words:SlaughterContemplate(L.2)Understandable(L.3)Beast(L.3)Fascination(L.4)Magnificent(L.5)Tread(L.6)Death throes(L.8)Justification(L.12)Massacre(L.12)air-to-ground radio(L.17)fatal/instantaneously(L.19)humane(L.20)Retreat(L.21)Density(L
32、.23)Allocate(L.24)Diminish(L.25)Encroach(L.26)Altitude(L.29)Appetite(L.30)Spray(L.36)Drift(L.42)第30页/共43页Text IIPracticeWorkbook,Page 81,Comprehension 第31页/共43页Oral WorkFor or Against?Chen Ling and Yuan Hua are roommates.Chen Ling has read an article in todays newspaper on“For or Against Killing wol
33、ves”.Chen tells Yuan about it and,as they have different opinions,they begin to argue.第32页/共43页Oral WorkA Discussion on the Nuclear Power StationHere are some expressions which can be used to show disagreement:I dont think so.But it/you cant be You are wrong.It certainly isnt I never./I dont agree./
34、Thats not true./Thats not the point.Why should they.?I doubt if that would work.What do you say to the argument that?第33页/共43页Prcis WritingParagraph WritingLetter Writing第34页/共43页Prcis WritingPractice:write prcis of Atomic Cars Working in groups of two or three,choose the opening sentence from among
35、 the following on P75.Working in groups and decide which of the following details are necessary for the prcis.第35页/共43页Paragraph WritingArgument:P75What is the usage of argument?How many courses are there in an argument?第36页/共43页Letter WritingAsking a Favor:P76Write a letter asking a favor.Write a l
36、etter asking a favor.Writer,Addressee,Introduction,Purpose,Conclusion,Ending第37页/共43页v Listening Comprehensionv DictationListening 第38页/共43页ListeningDictation AUseful Words and Expressions:*visual artist 视觉艺术家视觉艺术家*selection n.选择选择,挑选挑选*countless adj.无数的无数的,数不尽的数不尽的*exceptional adj.例外的例外的,异常的异常的 a m
37、an of exceptional talent具有特殊才能的人具有特殊才能的人 exceptional weather异常的气候异常的气候 exceptional promotion破格提升破格提升*motion n.运动运动,动作动作*response n.响应响应,反应反应 call forth no response in sbs breast 在某人心中不起反应在某人心中不起反应 in response to 响应响应,反应反应 make no response 不回答不回答*indicate vt.显示显示,象征象征*contemporary adj.当代的当代的,同时代的同时代的
38、*without reference to adv.不论不论,与与无关无关第39页/共43页ListeningDictation AArtistsEvery artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public.Not only does he want to say it well,but he wants it to be something which has not been said before.What visual artists,like painters,want to say is easy
39、 to make out but difficult to explain,because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors,not words.They seem to feel that a certain se1ection of shapes and colors,out of the countless billions possible,is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us.Most artists take t
40、heir shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response；their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at,that they contain beautiful sights.Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting patt
41、ern,that there is nothing more in it.Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects.(156 words)第40页/共43页ListeningDictation BUseful Words and Expressions:*professional adj.专业的专业的,职业的职业的 professional knowledge专业知识专业知识 professional men专家专家(尤指医生、律师等尤指医生、律师等)a p
42、rofessional singer职业歌唱家职业歌唱家*be named for被指定作被指定作*resident n.居民居民*enthusiastically adv.热心地热心地,狂热地狂热地*stand for v.代表代表,象征象征*be short for是是的简称的简称*association n.协会协会,联合联合*pastime n.消遣消遣,娱乐娱乐 Swimming is my favorite pastime.*specialized 专门的专门的 specialize ones studies使研究专门化使研究专门化 specialize in agricultur
43、e专攻农业专攻农业第41页/共43页ListeningDictation BProfessional Sports in the U.S.Professional sports are not only very popular in the United States,but also a big business.The most popular sports are baseball,football and basketball.Each sport has its own season and individual teams have millions of supporters.
44、Professional teams are named for the cities where they are located.For example,the Lakers are in Los Angeles.The strongest supporters of the Lakers are residents of Los Angeles and southern California.When the Lakers play,many people in Los Angeles enthusiastically follow the game.When we mention“NB
45、A”,almost every one knows it has some relationship with U.S.professional basketball.However,what does it really stand for?N.B.A.is short for the National Basketball Association.The NBA is gaining new fans and supporters around the world.Basketball is another popular American sport.In the U.S.,basketball has been called the“national pastime”.However,football is the most popular professional sport in the U.S.American football is different from international football,which Americans call“soccer”.Both games require strength and specialized skills.(171 words)第42页/共43页感谢您的观看！第43页/共43页