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1、 1.巡逻队必须小心，免遭敌人伏击。2.警察正逐个房间搜寻嫌疑人。3.他发现儿子胆小如鼠，难成大器。4.他们需要的是灰领。5.他承担了莎士比亚著作的翻译工作。参考译文参考译文巡逻队必须小心，免遭敌人伏击。The patrol must be on their guard against the enemys ambush.警察正逐个房间搜寻嫌疑人。The police are searching every room for the suspect.他发现儿子胆小如鼠，难成大器。He is awakened to the fact that he can hardly make a man o
2、f his son who is as timid as a rabbit.他们需要的是灰领。Its grey collars,skilled workers,that they demand.他承担了莎士比亚著作的翻译工作。He has undertaken the translation of Shakespeares.现在进行课堂讨论，特别现在进行课堂讨论，特别注意对原句的理解和译句注意对原句的理解和译句语感的再现语感的再现 1.上课了？2.他（听到这话）心里一跳，脸色也变了。3.三四个酒保，都手忙脚乱，搬东搬西。4.你不知道，他这个家伙背景复杂，不大讲 面子。参考译文参考译文上课了？(
3、Have you)Just finished your class?Hows your first class?Has the bell gone?/Am I late for class?他（听到这话）心里一跳，脸色也变了。At this his heart missed a beat and he became pale.三四个酒保，都手忙脚乱，搬东搬西。The four or five waiters were busy rushing from one to another serving food and drink.(Outlaws of the Marsh)你不知道，他这个家伙背
4、景复杂，不大讲面子。Dont you realize that this fellow has all kinds of dubious connections and that hes no great respecter of persons?汉英翻译的过程：汉英翻译的过程：理解与表达理解与表达 1.目前我国农业的劳动生产率和商品率都比较低，抗御自然灾害的能力还很薄弱，特别是人多耕地少的矛盾将越来越突出。2.贾母因笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹！”3.直起身又看看豆，自己摇摇头说：“不多不多！多乎哉？不多也。”参考译文参考译文目前我国农业的劳动生产率和商品率都比较低，抗御自然
5、灾害的能力还很薄弱，特别是人多耕地少的矛盾将越来越突出。At present,both labor productivity and the percentage of marketable products are rather low in our agriculture;our capacity for resisting natural calamities is still quite limited;and,in particular,the contradiction between the huge population and the insufficiency of ara
6、ble land is becoming ever more acute.贾母因笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹！”With a smile at Pao-yu,the Lady Dowager scolded:“Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor.Hurry up now and pay your respects to you cousin.”直起身又看看豆，自己摇摇头说：“不多不多！多乎哉？不多也。”Then straightening up to look at the peas again,he
7、would shake his head.“Not much!Verily,not much,forsooth!”汉英文化、中英思汉英文化、中英思维方式及翻译维方式及翻译语言中的文化语言中的文化 语言是文化的一部分，同时又是文化的载体，人类的各种文化只有通过语言才能传播、交流、发展、延续。所以各种文化因素都能在语言中找到根据。语言文字中处处都打有文化的烙印，语言活动过程中时时可见文化的踪迹。语言中的文化因素绝大部分蕴含在常用词语、句式和语用意义中。(1)红red(2)白white(3)农民peasant(4)月亮moon(5)宣传propaganda(6)精神文明spiritual civil
8、ization(7)政治运动political campaign(8)班门弄斧Play your axe at Lu Bans door.文化与翻译文化与翻译 （一）概念意义与文化意义相同（一）概念意义与文化意义相同露面 to show ones face,to show up 丢脸 to lose face,face-losing 老手 an old hand 笑柄 a laughing stock 碰壁 run ones head against a wall 好心 kind-hearted祸不单行 Misfortunes never come singly 趁热打铁 Strike whi
9、le the iron is hot.混水摸鱼 to fish in troubled waters花钱如流水 to spend money like waters一只耳朵听，一只耳朵冒 to go in at one ear and out at the other Continued 三月里刘熏宇君来信，说互生病了，而且是没有希望的病，医生说只好等日子了。四月底在时事新报上见到立达学校的通告，想不到这么快互生就殁了！（朱自清哀互生）In March I heard from Mr.Liu Xunyu that Husheng was sick and hopelessly sick at
10、that.The doctor said there was nothing he could do but wait for the day to arrive.Toward the end of April,I came across an obituary issued by Lida School in the newspaper Current Affairs.How quickly the day had arrived!（Tr.Liu Shicong）（二）概念意义对应，文化意义空缺（二）概念意义对应，文化意义空缺胸有成竹have a well-thought-out plan班
11、门弄斧show off ones proficiency with ones axe before Lu Ban,the master carpenter“文明”是三孙子。Gentility be hanged!（三）概念意义不同，语用意义不同（三）概念意义不同，语用意义不同一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我“胖了”之后大骂其新党。When we met,after exchanging a few polite remarks he said I was fatter,and after saying that immediately started a violent attack
12、on the revolutionaries.试改译如下：After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met,he observed that I looked“fat”,and having made that complimentary remark he launched a violent attack on the revolutionaries.试翻译以下成语，特别注意其语用意义的试翻译以下成语，特别注意其语用意义的 转换和传递转换和传递 打草惊蛇to alert the enemy by rash or accidental eve
13、nts before carrying out the planned attackto beat about the bush:to approach a subject without coming to the point旁敲侧击亡羊补牢to repair the stable after a sheep is gone,still in time to avoid further lossesto lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen:to take precautions when it is too late贼去关
14、门怒发冲冠to bristle with anger,to fly into a rage,to be in violent anger.to make ones hair stand on end:to fill one with fright or horror毛骨悚然翻天覆地epoch-making,earth-shaking.to move heaven and earth:to do ones utmost竭尽全力食 言to go back on ones word,to break ones wordto eat ones words:to take back what one h
15、as said收回前言（认错道歉）扯后腿to hinder,to be a hindrance to sbto pull somebodys leg:to tell someone something untrue as a joke,try to make somebody believe something that is untrue as a joke哄骗愚弄语言转换与思维语言转换与思维 一、语言转换一、语言转换之之结构顺结构顺序序 （某）主体-行为标志-行为-行为客体 （某）主体-行为-行为客体-行为标志S+ad.+V+O(C)S+V+O+ad.(E)试译下列两句：我30多年来一直没
16、有见过他。弗瑞德把它拿回家，几天之后，又把它包扎得漂漂亮亮地送回来了。I have not seen him for over thirty years.Fred took it home with him and returned it a few days later beautifully bound.二、语言转换二、语言转换之之结构中结构中心心 你们班家住乡下的同学有多少？不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们制定的战略目标就不可能实现。How many students are there in your class whose homes are in the countryside?We
17、 cant reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reform and adhere to the open policy.三、语言转换三、语言转换之之定语的定语的位置位置 去冬砍倒的那些苹果老树差不多够今冬烧火用了全世界的科学家都在寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法。Those old apple trees that were cut down last winter will give us wood for the fires most of this winter.The scientists everywhe
18、re in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from the pollution by all kinds of industrial harmful waste gases.四、语言转换四、语言转换之之信息中信息中心心 他五岁时生了一场病，变成了聋子。我原来打算今年一月访问中国，后来不得不推迟了。He became deaf after an attack of illness at 5.I had to postpone the visit which
19、I had intended to pay to China in January.五、语言转换五、语言转换之之逻辑性表达和习惯性表达逻辑性表达和习惯性表达 手急眼快救死扶伤无地和少地的农民quick of eye and deft of handheal the wounded and rescue the dying/retrieve the dying or rescue the woundedthose peasants who have little or no land衣食 food and clothing 钢铁 iron and steel 水陆 land and water新
20、旧 old and new冷热hot and cold 水火 fire and water补充：思维方式和语言形式补充：思维方式和语言形式 课堂讨论并翻译以下各句课堂讨论并翻译以下各句我身体健康。一踏上国土，我们到处感受到关怀与照顾。接到你们的贺函，我十分愉快。我访问过一些地方，遇到过不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。他一想到要返回去，心里就害怕。语言这东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。谁都知道，西北地区是艰苦的。让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。“天人合一天人合一”和和“自我中自我中心心”我（的）身体健康。我的法语看报很吃力。我们在各方面的工作都获得了很大的胜利。一踏上国土，我们到处
21、感受到关怀与照顾。I am in good health.I cant read newspapers in French without much difficulty.We have won great victories in all fields of our work.The moment we stepped into the country,care and kindness surrounded us on every side.含蓄与直率含蓄与直率 接到你们的贺函，我十分愉快。现在有机会互相介绍彼此对各种问题的观点，对此，双方认为是有益的。I am very happy to
22、 have received your message of greetings.The two sides found it beneficial to have this opportunity to present to one another their views on a variety of issues.我访问过一些地方，遇到过不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。佩德拉到布拉格来，原是满怀抑郁，如今开起心来，立即成了女孩子们的领袖。There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and th
23、e people I met.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depression at coming to Prague.主体与客体主体与客体 语言这东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.他一想到要返回去，心里就害怕。The thought of returning filled him with fear.我没想
24、到你会反对。It didnt occur to me that you would object.我们用照相机拍摄下永久性的照片。The camera gave us a lasting picture.1871年爆发了英勇的巴黎起义。The year 1871 witnessed the heroic uprising of the Paris Commune.领悟与逻辑领悟与逻辑 我感到功课很紧张。I feel busy with study.谁都知道，西北地区是艰苦的。Everybody knows life in the northwest China is harder.让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。Let the other people of the rest of the world know China.Let China make close contact with the rest of the world.语言的表里（附）语言的表里（附）