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1、肾性骨病的定义分为狭义肾性骨病和广义肾性骨病。狭义肾性骨病是指慢性肾衰竭伴发代谢性骨病。广义肾性骨病是指和肾脏相关的疾病。The ROP has the narrow sense definition and the broad sense definition.The narrow sense definition of ROP is referred to chronic renal failure with metabolism bone diseases.The broad sense definition of ROP is referred to diseases related
2、to the kidney.第1页/共22页肾性骨病的分类:高转化性骨病High tumover bone disease低转化性骨病:Low tumover bone disease 1、非动力性骨病;Adynamic bone disease 2、骨软化症;Osteomalacia混合型骨病 Mix renal osteodystrophy2-微球蛋白淀粉样变2-microglobulin amyloidosis第2页/共22页肾性骨病的定义一:高转化性骨病(囊性纤维性骨炎Osteitis fibrosa)以甲状旁腺机能亢进,成骨细胞和破骨细胞增殖活跃及骨小梁周围纤维化为特征。二:低转化型
3、肾性骨病:骨软化指新形成类骨质矿化缺陷,常由铝沉积所致。非动力性骨病指骨形成降低,多与高钙血症,维生素D过度抑制PTH分泌等有关。三:2-微球蛋白淀粉样变 2-微球蛋白在关节处沉积引起疼痛和骨折。第3页/共22页发病机制Pathogenesis高转化性骨病(囊性纤维性骨炎)1 低钙血症,肾功能减退时,肾脏合成1,25(OH)2D3和排磷能力降低,导致低钙血症,而低钙血症增加PTH的分泌2 高磷血症,抑制1羟化酶的活性,增加骨骼对的抵抗,刺激PTH的分泌。Hypocalcaemia,with reduced kidney function.The low synthesis of 1,25(OH
4、)2 D3 and hyperphosphatemia will cause hypocalcaemia,and hypocalcaemia increase the secretion of the PTH.Hyperphosphatemia,hyperphosphatemia will repress the activity of the 1-hydroxylase,increasing the resistance ability of the bone to the PTH and increase the secretion of the PTH.第4页/共22页3 活性维生素3的
5、变化,肾功能减退时,近端肾小管细胞内磷含量增高抑制线粒体1羟化酶,使1,25(OH)2D3合成减少,PTH基因转录和表达增加。4 骨骼对PTH的抵抗5 甲状旁腺自主性增生。Changes of the active form of Vit D.The impression of the activity of the 1-hydroxylase causes the low synthesis of 1,25(OH)2 D3.The resistance ability of the bone to the PTHThe independent hyperplasia of the parat
6、hyroid gland发病机制Pathogenesis第5页/共22页低转化性骨病 Low tumover bone disease1 非动力性骨病;机制尚未阐明,多与糖尿病、甲状旁腺切除抑制PTH分泌有关2 骨软化症;多与1,25(OH)2D3缺乏和铝中毒有关。The pathogenesis is still not very clear,but mainly related to the impression of the secretion of the PTH It has something with the deficit of 1,25(OH)2 D3 and the alu
7、minium intoxication.第6页/共22页2-微球蛋白淀粉样变。正常人每日产生2-微球蛋白150-200毫克,当肾功能衰竭时2-微球蛋白排泄减少在血中蓄积,并沉积于骨、关节及肌腱等处,引起骨的囊性损害,弥漫性脱钙及腕管综合症。第7页/共22页高转化性骨病的临床表现The clinical performance of high tumover bone disease 肌肉骨骼症状骨痛和骨折,疼痛部位多见于腰背部、下肢等。表现为深部剧痛。自发性肌腱撕裂,多发于四头肌、三头肌、跟腱、常发生于行走、下楼梯、和颠倒时骨骼畸形和生长障碍,常见于小儿尿毒症患者关节炎和关节周围炎,常表现为类
8、似痛风性关节炎的红、肿、痛Muscle and skeleton symptomsBone ache and the bone fracture.Spontaneous tendon pulled.Arthritis and periarthritis.Skeletal deformity and growth retardation.第8页/共22页皮肤瘙痒,常未见皮疹,钙磷在皮肤沉积所致皮肤溃疡和组织坏死,少见,后发于手指,足趾,股和踝部等软组织钙化,包括血管、关节周围、内脏、皮下和眼睛等内脏钙化,常发生于心肌和肺,如广泛的肺钙化引起肺纤维化Itch of skin:often witho
9、ut rashes.Dermal ulcer and tissue necrosis:seldom happen.Soft tissue calcificationInternal organs calcification:often seen in the cardiac muscle and the lung.第9页/共22页高转化性骨病的诊断The diagnosis of the high tumover bone disease实验室检查低钙、高磷、高镁骨形成的生物学标记物,血清碱性磷酸酶(TAB)总活力下 降骨吸收的生物学标记物,血清胶原分解产物的酸性磷酸酶升高血清PTH升高血浆1
10、,25(OH)2D3水平降低 Lab Examinations:Low level of calcium,high level of phosphours,high level of magnesium;The biological marker of the bones formation:the total vitality in serum alkaline phosphatase(TAB)goes up;The biological marker of the bones resorption:the level of the decomposition product of the
11、serum collagen,ACPase,goes up;The level of the PTH in the serum goes up;The 1,25(OH)2D3 level lowers.第10页/共22页X线检查,对肾性骨病的敏感性不高,其特征常为骨吸收、侵蚀和硬化骨密度的测定 是目前检测ROD可靠的理想的诊断方法The X-ray checks shows little sensitive often has a character of bone resorption,erosion and sclerosisThe measurement of the bone dens
12、ity is a dependable and ideal diagnosis in ROP of current examination methods.第11页/共22页骨活检,是ROD惟一可靠的诊断依据,不仅可作出早期诊断,而且能根据组织学分型进行有针对性的治疗并观察疗效.其特征是骨转化增快,成骨和破骨细胞数量活性增加,骨小梁周围纤维化Bone biopsy is the only reliable diagnosis prove,which can not only make an earlier diagnosis,but also can give a corresponding
13、treatment according to the histology typing and observe the curative effects.第12页/共22页ROD同位素99m锝骨扫描为ROD的诊断提供了一个有价值的辅助检查方法6。The isotope Te-99 bone scans:shows people a new valuable method to diagnosis ROP.第13页/共22页高转化性骨病的治疗The treatment of the high tumover bone disease内科治疗减少磷的储留,可通过限制磷的食入,如低磷饮食限制蛋白和乳
14、类食品。给予磷结合剂和充分透析等方法。血磷常控制在1.451.95mmol/L(4.56ng/dl)水平。常用的磷结合剂有氢氧化铝,碳酸钙和醋酸钙等。而氢氧化铝以液体效果最佳,510/次,片剂23片/次,每日3次,为防止低磷导致软骨病,每2个月查血磷1次。为防止铝中毒,在血磷正常后可改用碳酸钙补充钙剂 最理想的是碳酸钙。有效剂量为412g/d,分34次服用。治疗过程中应定期监测血钙、磷水平,以防钙磷乘积过高,引起软组织及其他器官的转移性钙化Medicine treatments:Reduce the deposition of the phosphours.sufficient dialysi
15、s.Give some calcium第14页/共22页补充维生素D,有常规口服,口服冲击和静脉注射疗法,如表甲旁亢甲旁亢甲旁亢甲旁亢IPTHIPTHIPTHIPTH(PG/MLPG/MLPG/MLPG/ML)正常值上限的倍数正常值上限的倍数正常值上限的倍数正常值上限的倍数治疗选择治疗选择治疗选择治疗选择 极轻度极轻度极轻度极轻度小于小于小于小于400400400400 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3倍倍倍倍不用不用不用不用轻轻轻轻-中度中度中度中度400-600400-600400-600400-6003-53-53-53-5倍倍倍倍 常规口服疗法常规口服疗法常规口服疗法常规口服疗法(0.2
16、5-0.5 0.25-0.5 0.25-0.5 0.25-0.5 ug,Qdug,Qdug,Qdug,Qd)中中中中-重度重度重度重度600-1200600-1200600-1200600-12006-106-106-106-10倍倍倍倍口服冲击口服冲击口服冲击口服冲击(2-4(2-4(2-4(2-4 ug,Biw)ug,Biw)ug,Biw)ug,Biw)或静脉或静脉或静脉或静脉注射注射注射注射 极重度极重度极重度极重度 大于大于大于大于1200120012001200大于大于大于大于10101010倍倍倍倍局部注射或手术切局部注射或手术切局部注射或手术切局部注射或手术切除除除除第15页/共
17、22页外科治疗Surgical treatments:甲状旁腺切除的指征:1、有显著症状的持续性高钙血症2、顽固性瘙痒,透析和一般治疗无效3、进行性骨外钙化4、严重和进行性骨痛和骨折5、缺血性软组织溃疡和坏死The indications of the thyroid ablation:1,Continuously hypercalcemia,with severe symptoms;2,pruritus,and the dialysis and regular treatments show little effects;3,Progressive ectosteal calcificati
18、on;4,Severe and progressive bone ache and fracture;5,Ischemic soft tissue ulcer and necrosis.第16页/共22页方法:1、次全切除2、全切除并把一个甲状旁腺移植到前臂3、全部切除Method:1,sub-total excision;2,total excision and transplant a thyroid gland in the forearm;3,total excision.第17页/共22页纤维性骨炎与骨软化症状临床表现的区别表现表现表现表现纤维性骨炎纤维性骨炎纤维性骨炎纤维性骨炎骨软
19、化症骨软化症骨软化症骨软化症骨折骨折骨折骨折可发生可发生可发生可发生常见常见常见常见近端肌肉无力近端肌肉无力近端肌肉无力近端肌肉无力可发生可发生可发生可发生常见常见常见常见关节周围炎关节周围炎关节周围炎关节周围炎常发生常发生常发生常发生少见少见少见少见肌腱撕裂肌腱撕裂肌腱撕裂肌腱撕裂常发生常发生常发生常发生少见少见少见少见骨外钙化骨外钙化骨外钙化骨外钙化常见常见常见常见可发生可发生可发生可发生血钙血钙血钙血钙可低可高常可低可高常可低可高常可低可高常2.5mmol/l2.5mmol/l可低可高,常可低可高,常可低可高,常可低可高,常2.5 mmol/l2.5 mmol/l血磷血磷血磷血磷常常常常
20、2.1 mmol/l2.1 mmol/l常常常常1.8 mmol/l3-43-4倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值15-2015-20倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值4-54-5倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值40-6040-60倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值倍的正常值血铝血铝血铝血铝常常常常3.3 umol/l5.umol/l5.umol/l多数高,常多数高,常多数高,常多数高,常3.7 umol/l3.7 umol/l注射去铁胺注射去铁胺注射去铁胺注射去铁胺(DFO)(DFO)后血铝增高后血铝增高后血铝增高后血铝增高多数多数多数多数3.7 umol/l13 umol/
21、l13 umol/l多数多数多数多数6.7 umol/l6.7 umol/l罕有罕有罕有罕有3.umol/l3.umol/l小细胞性贫血小细胞性贫血小细胞性贫血小细胞性贫血罕见罕见罕见罕见流行性者多见,散发者少见流行性者多见,散发者少见流行性者多见,散发者少见流行性者多见,散发者少见第18页/共22页骨软化的防治The prevention and treatments of the bone soften:减少铝的摄入,服用氢氧化铝不宜超过3克以及净化透析用水清除组织中铝,常用去铁胺(DFO),按30毫克/公斤体重溶于5%的葡萄糖溶液250毫升,在透析结束前30分钟静脉滴注,每周1次,疗程6
22、-12个月使用高通透性透析器进行血透,如丙烯腈透析膜,以及定期进行血液滤过(HF)或血液透析(HDF)滤过1,Reduce the intake of the Aluminum 2,Clear the Aluminum in the tissue3,Use high permeability dialyzer to dialysis,and perform HF and HDF regularly第19页/共22页2-微球蛋白淀粉样变的治疗 选用高分子合成膜,进行血液滤过(HF)和血液透析滤过,以增加2-M的清除,减少2-M的产生第20页/共22页谢谢谢谢!第21页/共22页感谢您的观看!第22页/共22页